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Q:
disaccharidase
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
Q:
bile
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
Q:
amylase
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
Q:
serosa
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
segmentation
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
secretin
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
ruminants
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
mucosa
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
chyme
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
cholecystokinin
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
bolus
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
bile salts
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Q:
Obese people have a greater risk of all of the following EXCEPT
a. type 1 diabetes.
b. colon cancer.
c. high blood pressure.
d. breast cancer.
e. heart disease.
Q:
Body weight is related to
a. caloric intake.
b. energy utilization.
c. genes.
d. age and sex.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which vitamin functions in forming blood clots?
a. A
b. E
c. K
d. B
e. none of these
Q:
Phytochemicals in low quantities in a person's diet may lead to
a. high blood pressure.
b. increased incidence of athletes foot.
c. macular degeneration.
d. halitosis.
e. none of these.
Q:
Phytochemicals are
a. essential for survival.
b. produced in laboratories exclusively.
c. not essential but can prevent some disorders.
d. cofactors for cellulose degradation.
e. none of these.
Q:
Human cells require ____ vitamins at a minimum.
a. 5
b. 8
c. 10
d. 13
e. 20
Q:
How many amino acids are considered to be essential because the human body cannot synthesize them?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 10
e. 12
Q:
Lipids can serve in all EXCEPT which of the following capacities?
a. enzymes
b. energy
c. membrane structure
d. insulation
e. source of glycerol
Q:
The ideal diet consists of all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. bulk
b. few carbohydrates
c. little salt and refined sugar
d. little red meat
e. fish, poultry, and legumes
Q:
Which organ takes glucose out of the blood and stores it as glycogen?
a. pancreas
b. spleen
c. liver
d. skin
e. kidney
Q:
The liver is associated with all EXCEPT which of the following functions?
a. formation of urea
b. formation of bile
c. detoxification of poisons
d. secretion of bicarbonate ions
e. hormone inactivation
Q:
Constipation can be caused by
a. emotional stress.
b. a low-fiber diet.
c. a sedentary lifestyle.
d. dehydration.
e. all of these.
Q:
The primary function of the large intestine is
a. formation of feces.
b. retention of water.
c. manufacture of vitamin K.
d. digestion of fats.
e. absorption of water.
Q:
Glucose is absorbed through the membranes of the small intestine primarily by
a. osmosis.
b. bulk flow.
c. transport proteins.
d. endocytosis.
e. facilitated diffusion.
Q:
The greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the
a. stomach.
b. small intestine.
c. colon.
d. pancreas.
e. esophagus.
Q:
The digestion of fats occurs mostly in the
a. stomach.
b. pancreas.
c. small intestine.
d. lymph vascular system.
e. liver.
Q:
Which of the following layers lies next to the lumen of the intestinal tract?
a. longitudinal muscles
b. circular muscles
c. submucosa
d. mucosa
e. serosa
Q:
Which of the following substances is found in the least amount in the small intestine?
a. HCI
b. fats
c. monoglycerides
d. amino acids
e. sugars
Q:
Bile
a. has no effect on digestion.
b. helps in the digestion of fats.
c. helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
d. helps in the digestion of proteins.
e. helps in the digestion of nucleic acids.
Q:
Enzymes from the pancreas function in the
a. stomach.
b. colon.
c. small intestine.
d. mouth.
e. esophagus.
Q:
Which of the following enzymes digests fats?
a. pepsin
b. catalase
c. amylase
d. lipase
e. trypsin
Q:
Microvilli are indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
An artery is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the
a. mouth.
b. esophagus.
c. stomach.
d. small intestine.
e. colon.
Q:
Which of the following are the largest projections of the small intestine surface?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. villi
d. brush borders.
e. duodena
Q:
The structure designated by the letter "A" in the above figure is called
a. pyloric sphincter.
b. esophagus.
c. mucosa.
d. duodenum.
e. none of these.
Q:
Stomach motility
a. decreases following a heavy meal.
b. moves chime through the pyloric sphincter.
c. is unaffected by emotional state or external environmental factors.
d. may be retarded when stretch receptors on the stomach wall are activated.
e. is increased by hormones released in response to high stomach acidity.
Q:
High stomach acidity
a. creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion.
b. promotes emulsification of fats.
c. favors protein digestion.
d. blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers.
e. converts lipases into their active forms.
Q:
The second structure encountered in a biopsy of the stomach is the
a. mucosa.
b. submucosa.
c. longitudinal muscle layer.
d. circular muscle layer.
e. serosa.
Q:
The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called
a. canines.
b. premolars.
c. incisors.
d. molars.
e. none of these.
Q:
The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called
a. canines.
b. premolars.
c. incisors.
d. molars.
e. all of these.
Q:
Sphincters
a. are circular muscles.
b. prevent backflow.
c. are smooth muscles.
d. are found at the entrance and exit of the stomach.
e. include all of these.
Q:
Moistening and lubrication of food occurs in the human
a. mouth.
b. esophagus.
c. stomach.
d. duodenum.
e. jejunum.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the human digestive system?
a. salivary gland
b. esophagus
c. pancreas
d. gallbladder
e. liver
Q:
The organ responsible for excretion of both urine and feces indicated by the letter"F" is called the
a. mouth.
b. crop.
c. gizzard.
d. secreting portion of stomach.
e. cloaca.
Q:
The grinding organ indicated by the letter "E" is called the
a. mouth.
b. crop.
c. gizzard.
d. secreting portion of stomach.
e. cloaca.
Q:
Which of the following statements about digestion in ruminants is false?
a. Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
b. Food materials are re-chewed.
c. Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
d. Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
e. Pronghorn antelopes and other herbivores have a single but disproportionately large stomach.
Q:
Immediately after a meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood tends to increase due specifically to what digestive system task?
a. mechanical processing
b. secretion
c. digestion
d. absorption
e. elimination
Q:
Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with:
a. stomach cancer.
b. irritable bowel syndrome.
c. gastroesophageal reflux disease.
d. improved immune function.
e. increased vital capacity.
Q:
Helicobacter pylori has been associated with:
a. emphysema.
b. duodenal ulcers.
c. peptic ulcers.
d. lung cancer.
e. skin infections.
Q:
Why would athletes in aerobic sports benefit by training at high altitude?
Q:
Which respiratory volume would emphysema have the greatest impact on?
Q:
Chart the path of air from the atmosphere to the blood.
Q:
Which of the following have the most efficient lungs: amphibians, mammals or birds? Explain your answer.
Q:
Most CO2 reacts with water inside red blood cells to form bicarbonate, due to the activity of __________.
Q:
__________ is normally far less than __________.
Q:
If a person is choking, the __________ maneuver can be used to expel food from their trachea.
Q:
Contractions of the dome-shaped __________ and the intercostal muscles between the ribs alter the volume of the thoracic cavity during breathing.
Q:
A flap of tissue called the __________ directs air through the __________, the opening to the __________ (windpipe).
Q:
Water flowing over fish gills exchanges gases with blood flowing in the opposite direction inside gill capillaries. This is called__________.
Q:
Invertebrates on land use __________ or __________ systems for gas exchange.
Q:
Some invertebrates do not have special respiratory organs and rely on __________ exchange, diffusion of gases across the body surface.
Q:
Respiratory proteins such as __________ in red blood cells and __________ in muscle bind oxygen and help maintain gradients that favor gas exchange.
Q:
Respiration is a physiological process by which O2 enters the internal environment and CO2 leaves by diffusing across a __________.
Q:
epiglottis
Q:
oral cavity
Q:
pharynx
Q:
trachea
Q:
diaphragm
Q:
intercostal muscles
Q:
larynx
Q:
lung
Q:
pleural membrane
Q:
bronchial tree
Q:
nasal cavity
Q:
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchiole
e. alveolus
Spent air moves from the bronchial tubes to this component.
Q:
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchiole
e. alveolus
Air moves from the nasal cavity into this passageway.
Q:
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of respiratory systems listed below.
a. pharynx
b. larynx
c. trachea
d. bronchiole
e. alveolus
Gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood circulatory system occurs here.