Q&A Hero

Q: The valve between "C" and "E" is the a. right AV valve. b. right pulmonary valve. c. left AV valve. d. left pulmonary valve. e. aortic valve.

Q: Oxygen-poor blood circulates through a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. A, C, and E.

Q: The human heart a. contracts as a result of stimuli from the sinoatrial node. b. contracts only as a result of nerve stimulation from the central nervous system. c. is activated primarily through the autonomic nervous system. d. rate is primarily under the control of the atrioventricular node. e. is independent of all nervous control.

Q: The anatomical structure identified with the letter "R" in the figure above is the a. cardiac muscle. b. pulmonary veins. c. inferior vena cava. d. right atrium. e. heart apex.

Q: The anatomical structure identified with the letter "D" in the figure above is the a. myocardium. b. pulmonary veins. c. inferior vena cava. d. right atrium. e. heart apex.

Q: The anatomical structure identified with the letter "H" in the figure above is the a. myocardium. b. pulmonary veins. c. inferior vena cava. d. right atrium. e. heart apex.

Q: In an Rh incompatibility during pregnancy, the mother a. must be positive and her first and second fetuses positive. b. must be negative and her first and second fetuses positive. c. must be negative and her first and second fetuses negative. d. must be positive and her first and second fetuses negative. e. and the father must both be negative and the fetus positive.

Q: Which blood type is the universal donor? a. A b. B c. AB d. O e. none of these

Q: Type A blood will NOT agglutinate when mixed with a. type B blood. b. type A blood. c. type AB blood. d. type O blood. e. types A and O.

Q: Hemostasis is a. a four phase process to clot blood in the veins. b. a three phase process to clot and seal wounds. c. a process of leukemia formation. d. a type of anemia. e. none of these.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a function of some leukocytes? a. engulf and destroy damaged or dead cells b. engulf anything recognized as foreign c. call up specific immune responses d. carry out specific immune responses e. secrete substances that initiate blood clotting

Q: Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by a. plasma. b. megakaryocytes. c. platelets. d. hemoglobin. e. leukocytes.

Q: Which cell does NOT belong with the others? a. erythrocytes b. neutrophils c. lymphocytes d. eosinophils e. macrophages

Q: About how many liters of blood does an average human have? a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6 e. 7

Q: In the human systemic circuit, blood passes through all EXCEPT which of the following? a. liver b. limbs c. lungs d. digestive organs e. brain

Q: A circulatory system that allows some mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-poor blood is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. A and B. e. all of these.

Q: A fish circulatory system is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. both A and B. e. none of these.

Q: The animal in the above diagram has a. an open circulatory system. b. no capillaries. c. a closed circulatory system. d. spaces in the tissues for blood to pool in. e. none of these.

Q: The animal in the above diagram has a ____ circulatory system. a. closed b. open c. semi-closed d. vascular e. none of these

Q: Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) a. check for a heartbeat. b. shock the heart if required. c. use electronic voice commands to guide bystanders in taking appropriate actions. d. are now available at many senior centers, malls, schools, and other public places. e. include all of these.

Q: Which of these is false about sudden cardiac arrest? a. It happens more than 300,000 times annually in the United States. b. It affects only the elderly. c. Survival is greatly increased by starting CPR within four to six minutes. d. Prompt defibrillator use increases the chance of survival. e. None of these are false.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below. a. pectoralis major b. trapezius c. quadriceps femoris d. triceps e. gastrocnemius The Achilles tendon attaches this muscle to the heel bones.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below. a. pectoralis major b. trapezius c. quadriceps femoris d. triceps e. gastrocnemius This muscle opposes the biceps.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below. a. pectoralis major b. trapezius c. quadriceps femoris d. triceps e. gastrocnemius This muscle is located on the upper shoulder.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the muscles listed below. a. pectoralis major b. trapezius c. quadriceps femoris d. triceps e. gastrocnemius This is a principal muscle of the anterior upper leg.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal This bone connects to the femur.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal This is a toe bone.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal A ruptured disk is next to this bone.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal This bone is easily broken.

Q: Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.

Q: A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers under its control is a ____ unit. a. neuromuscular b. movement c. muscle d. motor e. coordination

Q: Which of the following is(are) true concerning strength training? a. causes muscle fibers to thicken b. promotes synthesis of actin and myosin c. produces muscle fibers with little endurance d. produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly e. all of these occur

Q: Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise? a. ATP accumulation b. actin depletion c. lactate formation d. glycogen buildup e. creatine phosphate formation

Q: During moderate but prolonged exercise, most of the energy for contraction is supplied by a. creatine phosphate. b. aerobic respiration. c. anaerobic respiration. d. fermentation. e. glycolysis.

Q: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disrupts muscle contraction by a. binding actin. b. blocking myofibril. c. killing motor neurons. d. weakening myofilaments. e. none of these.

Q: Which of the following is(are) true concerning tetanus? a. The pathogen spreads through the air. b. The pathogen is ingested through tainted canned food. c. The pathogen is a virus. d. A toxin blocks the release of GABA. e. All of these are true.

Q: The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents a. actin. b. myofibril. c. myosin. d. sarcoplasmic reticulum. e. muscle fiber.

Q: When a sarcomere is at rest, the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by a. calcium. b. troponin. c. tropomyosin. d. the myosin heads. e. ADP.

Q: Action potentials in muscle fibers cause a. the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release ATP. b. the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium. c. myosin-actin bonds to break. d. the energizing of myosin molecules. e. all of these to occur.

Q: Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the a. plasma membrane. b. sarcoplasmic reticulum. c. cytoskeletal system. d. T tubules. e. endomembrane system.

Q: Breaking actin-myosin bonds requires a. ATP. b. ADP. c. calcium. d. phosphorus. e. sodium.

Q: Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when ____ is present. a. ATP b. ADP c. calcium d. phosphorus e. sodium

Q: During muscle contractions, a. the sarcomeres shorten. b. the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments. c. the actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during contraction and away on relaxation. d. the muscle fibers thicken. e. all of these occur.

Q: The structure indicated by the letter "C" above represents a. actin. b. myofibril. c. myosin. d. myofilament. e. muscle fiber.

Q: The structure indicated by the letter "B" above represents a. actin. b. myofibril. c. myosin. d. myofilament. e. muscle fiber.

Q: Which of the following includes all the others? a. actin b. myofibril c. myosin d. myofilament e. muscle fiber

Q: Muscle cells are not typical cells because a. groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers. b. they contain actin proteins. c. they contain myosin proteins. d. they respond to stimuli. e. all of these are true.

Q: The human body has close to ____ muscles. a. 100 b. 206 c. 300 d. 500 e. 700

Q: Which joints are likely to be affected by osteoarthritis? a. fingers b. knees c. hips d. backbone e. all of these

Q: Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint? a. skull plates b. humerus to the scapula c. leg bone connected to the hip bone d. teeth connected to the jaw e. two vertebrae together

Q: Which of the following is an example of a fibrous joint? a. skull plates b. humerus to the scapula c. leg bone connected to the hip bone d. teeth connected to the jaw e. all of these

Q: Joints are areas of connection between two a. bendable regions of the skeleton. b. bones. c. glands. d. cartilage regions. e. of none of these.

Q: When calcium levels rise, the ____ secrete(s) ____, which ____ osteoclast activity. a. parathyroids; calcitonin; suppresses b. thyroid; calcitonin; suppresses c. thyroid; calcitonin; enhances d. thyroid; PTH; suppresses e. parathyroids; PTH; enhances

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Compact bone tissue is located in the area indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above of a section through bone. Spongy bone is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above of a human femur. Compact bone is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above of a human femur. The nutrient canal is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.

Q: Osteoclasts function in bone remodeling to a. free mineral ions. b. stimulate blood cell formation. c. accelerate bone repair. d. lay down a bony matrix. e. do all of these.

Q: Which of the following is properly matched? a. osteoblasts; bone breakdown b. osteocytes; initial bone formation c. osteoclasts; initial bone formation d. osteoclasts; bone breakdown e. osteoblasts; imprisoned in bony matrix

Q: Which of the following is dense connective tissue that joins two bones? a. sutures b. ligaments c. muscles d. tendons e. fascia

Q: The axial skeleton includes all EXCEPT which of the following? a. skull b. ribs c. pectoral girdle d. sternum e. vertebral column

Q: Which of the following are NOT components of the appendicular skeleton? a. arm bones b. collarbones c. finger bones d. ribs e. leg bones

Q: Spiders use high blood pressure for all of the following EXCEPT to a. oppose the contraction of their leg muscles. b. extend their hind legs outward. c. assist in jumping. d. pump blood into body tissues. e. compensate for their lack of opposing leg muscles.

Q: All of the following have exoskeletons EXCEPT a. lobsters. b. spiders. c. insects. d. earthworms. e. centipedes.

Q: The organism in the above photograph has which of the following structural systems? a. cartilaginous b. bone c. hydrostatic d. chitinous e. endoskeletal

Q: The organism in the above photograph has which of the following structural systems? a. cartilaginous b. bone c. hydrostatic d. chitinous e. none of these

Q: In comparison to women, men make much more: a. testosterone. b. growth hormone. c. myostatin. d. estrogen. e. all of these except estrogen.

Q: Bully whippets are unable to synthesize: a. testosterone. b. growth hormone. c. estrogen. d. progesterone. e. myostatin.

Q: In the absence of a nerve connection or electrical stimulation, can a muscle cell be made to contract in a laboratory setting?

Q: When a person dies, the body often experiences rigor mortis. In this condition, it is as if the muscles have become inflexible and it is very difficult to manipulate the joints. Why does this occur?

Q: Why is back pain so common in humans?

Q: The prospect of inhibiting myostatin and growing larger muscles may be tempting to a great many people. Is there any danger to increasing muscle mass?

Q: Signals from motor neurons result in action potentials in muscle fibers, which in turn causes the __________ to release stored calcium ions.

Q: __________ are cells that synthesize bone, whereas __________ break bone down.

Q: Some bones have __________ that makes blood cells.

Q: The spinal cord runs through the vertebral column and connects with the brain through the __________.

Q: The __________ is the pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle, and paired limbs.

Q: The __________ consists of skull bones, a vertebral column (backbone), and a rib cage.

Q: An __________ consists of hardened parts inside the body.

Q: An __________ consists of hardened parts at the body surface.