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Q:
Insulin directly affects the
a. secretion of saliva.
b. storage of proteins.
c. secretion of pancreatic juices.
d. metabolism of glucose.
e. utilization of fat reserves.
Q:
The pancreatic secretions governing glucose levels are precisely controlled by
a. neural connections to the pancreas.
b. the blood-brain barrier.
c. cooperative interactions.
d. feedback mechanisms.
e. releasing factors.
Q:
The actions of insulin and glucagon are
a. synergistic.
b. antagonistic.
c. cooperative.
d. permissive.
e. mutualistic.
Q:
Rickets is caused by
a. overexposure to UV radiation.
b. an excess of calcitonin.
c. inadequate amounts of vitamin D.
d. an excess of ascorbic acid.
e. a fetal deficiency of thyroid hormone.
Q:
The removal of the ____ gland(s) will disrupt normal blood clotting and muscle contraction.
a. thymus
b. thyroid
c. pituitary
d. parathyroid
e. pancreas
Q:
The woman in the above photograph has been afflicted by
a. low iodine in the diet.
b. hypothyroidism.
c. vitamin D deficiency.
d. testosterone excess.
e. progesterone deficiency.
Q:
Synthetic thyroxine taken orally in the form of pills is the recommended treatment for
a. hypothyroidism.
b. goiters.
c. hyperthyroidism.
d. Graves' disorder.
e. acromegaly.
Q:
The gonads are another name for
a. the parathyroid and thyroid.
b. the ovary and testis.
c. the adrenal cortex and medulla.
d. the anterior and posterior pituitary.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which gland is associated with daily biorhythms?
a. pineal
b. parathyroid
c. thymus
d. pituitary
e. thymus
Q:
The person in the above figure is afflicted with which of the following hormonal disorders?
a. acromegaly
b. dwarfism
c. low levels of rhGH
d. parathyroid radiation poisoning
e. none of these
Q:
Pituitary dwarfism may be due to insufficient production of
a. mineralocorticoid.
b. glucocorticoid.
c. calcitonin.
d. GH.
e. the parathyroid hormone.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.Signals that stimulate the release of hormone molecules are carried alonga. A.b. B.c. C.d. D.e. E.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The synthesis site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The secretion of each of the anterior pituitary hormones requires
a. stimulation from the posterior pituitary.
b. that they first be secreted from the neurons of the hypothalamus.
c. stimulation from hypothalamus hormones.
d. stimulation from adrenal gland hormones.
e. t nervous stimulation from the pons.
Q:
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are products of
a. exocrine glands.
b. secretory neurons.
c. blood capillaries.
d. the anterior pituitary.
e. kidney and uterine wall cells, respectively.
Q:
Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment?
a. pineal and thymus
b. hypothalamus
c. thyroid and parathyroids
d. adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
e. pancreas and gonads
Q:
A simple way of thinking about the action of a steroid hormone on its target cell is indicated by
a. figure 1.
b. figure 2.
c. A, B, E, and F.
d. E, F, G, and H.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of these is true for most water-soluble hormones?
a. They must be transported by specific carriers in the blood.
b. They have no trouble entering their target cells.
c. They find and react with surface receptor molecules.
d. They never elicit the production of a second messenger.
e. They trigger gene transcription.
Q:
The release of cyclic AMP as a second messenger is a response to ____ hormones.
a. peptide
b. steroid
c. protein
d. peptide and protein
e. peptide, steroid, and protein
Q:
Hormones are distributed throughout the body by the ____ system.
a. exocrine
b. lymphatic
c. nervous
d. circulatory
e. integumentary
Q:
Hormones are used primarily for
a. signaling target cells in the vicinity of the secreting cells.
b. stimulating transmitter release at certain synapses.
c. integrating social behavior in a population.
d. causing a response in a part of the body some distance from the site of secretion.
e. all of these, depending on the species.
Q:
Target cells
a. are found only in specific endocrine glands.
b. are equipped with specific receptor molecules.
c. are never muscle cells.
d. may occur in any part of the body.
e. are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.
Q:
An excess of estrogen like molecules can have which of the following effects on males?
a. lower sperm production
b. increase hair growth
c. tumor growth on the surface of the testes
d. increased reproduction
e. all of these
Q:
Atrazine
a. is an herbicide that has been in use for more than 40 years.
b. application in the United States totals about 36 thousand metric tons annually.
c. is used mostly to kill weeds in cornfields.
d. contamination of soils and water is common in the American Midwest.
e. fits all of these descriptions.
Q:
Why is color blindness more common in males?
Q:
People tend to crave sweet and salty foods, but dislike bitter foods. What is the evolutionary explanation for this?
Q:
An individual reports to the doctor that they are experiencing pain in their left arm. What would the doctor think may be wrong?
Q:
What would be the danger in lacking nociceptors?
Q:
Light enters the eye's interior through the __________, an adjustable opening in the center of the muscular, doughnut-shaped iris.
Q:
Insects have a __________, with many individual units.
Q:
The cochlea is a coiled structure with fluid-filled ducts that holds the mechanoreceptors responsible for hearing in its __________.
Q:
The __________ is a system of fluid-filled sacs and canals in the inner ear.
Q:
__________ line human nasal passages.
Q:
__________ sensations arise from receptors near organs in body cavities.
Q:
The __________ sensations arise from sensory receptors located in skin, or near muscles or joints.
Q:
Continued stimulation of a receptor may lead to a diminished response and is called __________.
Q:
__________ sense and respond to water concentration.
Q:
__________ respond to mechanical energy such as touch.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure acts to maintain the shape of the eye and to transmit light to other structures.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure contains rods and cones in vertebrates.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure primarily acts to focus light waves.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure forms the transparent front of the eye.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure is found in the compound eyes of insects but not in the eyes of vertebrates.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
The warmth you feel from a campfire is a result of detecting this kind of energy.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
Ears detect this kind of energy.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
Olfactory receptors detect this kind of energy.
Q:
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
Receptors on the tongue detect variation in this kind of energy.
Q:
semicircular canals
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
round window
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
retina
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
pitch
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
hammer
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
pheromone
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
oval window
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
iris
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
eardrum
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
cochlea
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
amplitude
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Q:
The utricle and saccule
a. each contain an organ of dynamic equilibrium.
b. detect rotation of the head.
c. detect how the head is oriented relative to the ground.
d. are semicircular canals.
e. organs use the auditory nerve to send information to the brain.
Q:
The utricle and saccule are functional parts of the
a. eye.
b. Pacinian corpuscle.
c. vestibular apparatus.
d. nasal epithelium.
e. vomeronasal organ.
Q:
Equilibrium is sensed by
a. chemoreceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. thermoreceptors.
e. none of these.
Q:
The tectorial and basilar membranes are located within
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. E.
e. another unlabeled region of this figure.
Q:
The oval window is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. D.
d. E.
e. F.
Q:
Bones that amplify sound reaching the eardrum are indicated by
a. A and B.
b. A, B, and C.
c. B and C.
d. C and D.
e. none of these.
Q:
The organ of Corti
a. functions in the awareness of motion and the sense of equilibrium.
b. controls the sense of depth perception.
c. converts sound vibrations into impulses that enable hearing.
d. secretes cerebrospinal fluid.
e. detects light energy.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding the properties of sound?
a. The amplitude of a sound corresponds to loudness.
b. The frequency of a sound is the number of wave cycles per second.
c. Every ten-decibel increase in loudness represents a tenfold increase in intensity.
d. A soft sound has a greater amplitude than a loud sound.
e. A high note and a low note with the same amplitude are equally loud.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding age-related macular degeneration?
a. It results in progressive destruction of photoreceptors in the fovea and surrounding region.
b. It clouds the center of the visual field.
c. It has no genetic basis.
d. Smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity increase its risk.
e. It cannot be cured, but its progression can be slowed.
Q:
Nearsightedness is caused by
a. eye structure that focuses an image in front of the retina.
b. uneven curvature of the cornea.
c. uneven curvature of the lens.
d. eye structure that focuses an image posterior to the retina.
e. all of these.
Q:
The letter "B" in the above figure represents
a. cortex.
b. cornea.
c. fovea.
d. blood vessels.
e. optic nerve.
Q:
Rhodopsin
a. is a pigment.
b. is found in rods.
c. absorbs photons of blue-to-green light.
d. is concentrated at the edges of the retina.
e. includes all of these descriptions.
Q:
Action potentials generated in rod and cone cells are processed and integrated by ____ cells.
a. bipolar
b. ganglion
c. lateral geniculate nucleus
d. visual cortex
e. all of these
Q:
Rods and cones are located in the
a. lens.
b. cornea.
c. pupil.
d. iris.
e. retina.
Q:
Accommodation involves the ability to
a. change the sensitivity of the rods and cones by means of neurotransmitters.
b. change the curvature of the cornea.
c. change the thickness of the lens by contracting or relaxing certain muscles.
d. adapt to large changes in light intensity.
e. do all of these.
Q:
The structure that adjusts the amount of incoming light is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The sclera is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
The dark middle layer of the eye that prevents the scattering of light is the
a. fovea.
b. retina.
c. sclera.
d. choroid.
e. cornea.
Q:
The adjustable ring of contractile and connective tissues that controls the amount of light entering the eye is the
a. lens.
b. cornea.
c. pupil.
d. iris.
e. retina.
Q:
The layer of the eye where photoreceptors are located is the
a. lens.
b. cornea.
c. pupil.
d. iris.
e. retina.
Q:
Which of the following explains why the owl has its head almost upside down?
a. Photoreceptors are concentrated near the bottom of the eye.
b. Photoreceptors are concentrated near the top of the eye.
c. Loud music from a passing car caused damage to the sense of balance.
d. It is trying to remove water from its ear after a hard rain.
e. None of these are an accurate explanation.