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Biology & Life Science
Q:
Insects have
a. simple eyes.
b. ocelli.
c. ciliary eyes.
d. compound eyes.
e. "camera" eyes.
Q:
Eyes are
a. chemoreceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. nociceptors.
e. none of these.
Q:
A taste bud is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. A and B.
e. none of these; they are olfactory receptors.
Q:
Pheromones
a. are social signals.
b. are detected by the vomeronasal organ in reptiles and most mammals.
c. may serve as sex attractants.
d. are not detected or responded to by humans.
e. include all EXCEPT "are not detected or responded to by humans."
Q:
Sensory pathways of smell and taste
a. begin with chemoreceptors.
b. end up in the cerebral cortex.
c. reach the limbic system.
d. are integrated with stored memories.
e. include all of these.
Q:
The pain produced in an internal organ may be perceived as occurring somewhere else. This phenomenon is called
a. mixed nerve messages.
b. referred pain.
c. phantom pain.
d. psychosomatic pain.
e. hypochondria.
Q:
A stretch receptor is classified as a
a. chemoreceptor.
b. mechanoreceptor.
c. photoreceptor.
d. thermoreceptor.
e. all of these.
Q:
The Pacinian corpuscle is used in detecting
a. sound.
b. pressure.
c. chemicals.
d. sight.
e. chemical differences.
Q:
The above figure shows areas of referred pain that indicate an internal organ is damaged. Which letter corresponds to heart damage?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. none of these
Q:
The somatic senses include all EXCEPT which one of the following sensations?
a. balance
b. pain near the body surface
c. temperature
d. touch
e. pressure
Q:
The primary somatosensory cortex
a. maps the distribution of somatic receptors on the body.
b. consists of white matter.
c. contains interneurons.
d. devotes the largest region to body parts with the greatest sensory acuity.
e. includes all EXCEPT "consists of white matter."
Q:
A diminishing response by receptors to a constant stimulus is
a. perception.
b. neural transduction.
c. sensory adaptation.
d. referred pain.
e. characteristic of all receptors.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of sensation?
a. Some sensory receptors are activated only by chemicals.
b. Nerve impulses mediating each of the senses are essentially the same.
c. Sensory neuron activity follows the all-or-none law.
d. All organisms use the same sense organs to perceive their environments.
e. All sensory receptors convert stimulus energy into action potentials.
Q:
The major function of a receptor is to
a. control the autonomic functions of the body.
b. stabilize the internal environment to achieve homeostasis.
c. produce responses to the various stimuli the body receives.
d. give organisms or cells awareness of and sensitivity to their environment.
e. do none of these.
Q:
"Perception" differs from "sensation" when referring to a stimulus in
a. the type of receptor stimulated.
b. understanding the significance of the stimulus.
c. the number of receptors that depolarize.
d. feeling exactly what is happening at the site.
e. responding to the stimulus.
Q:
Which of the following is(are) true regarding whale sensory systems?
a. Like fishes, they use lateral line systems for navigation.
b. Their jaws pick up sound vibrations in the water and transmit them to their middle ears.
c. They collect sound waves using external ears.
d. All whales have auditory canals leading to their middle ears.
e. All of these are true.
Q:
Whales use sound to
a. communicate.
b. locate food.
c. map out their surroundings.
d. communicate and map out their surroundings.
e. do all of these.
Q:
Sodium-potassium pump
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Response
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Recovery period
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Receptor
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Neuroglia
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Myelin sheath
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Muscle spindle
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Interneuron
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
100 billion in the brain
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Ganglion
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Effector
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
Q:
Neuroglial cells
a. metabolically support other neurons.
b. form sheaths around neurons and increase the rate of impulse transmission.
c. form more than half of the volume of the brain.
d. provide physical support.
e. do all of these.
Q:
Skill memories
a. are created when one consciously repeats an activity many times.
b. involve the amygdala.
c. involve the hippocampus.
d. involve the corpus striatum.
e. are created when one consciously repeats an activity many times and involve the cerebellum.
Q:
The parietal lobe is responsible for:
a. vision.
b. visceral sensation.
c. hearing.
d. generating a motor response.
e. inhibiting unsuitable behaviors.
Q:
The main center for homeostatic control of the internal environment is the
a. pineal gland.
b. medulla oblongata.
c. hypothalamus.
d. thalamus.
e. cerebrum.
Q:
The part of the brain that controls the basic responses necessary to maintain life (such as breathing and heartbeat) is the
a. medulla oblongata.
b. corpus callosum.
c. pineal gland.
d. cerebellum.
e. cerebral cortex.
Q:
The center for control of motor skills and posture is the
a. cerebrum.
b. pons.
c. cerebellum.
d. thalamus.
e. hypothalamus.
Q:
Nerve impulses coming into the spinal cord enter via
a. intervertebral disks.
b. neuroglia.
c. the dorsal roots.
d. Broca's area.
e. ventral roots.
Q:
Conduction from node to node
a. occurs only in the central nervous system.
b. is a rapid type of nerve conduction.
c. occurs between nerves and muscles.
d. involves the "jumping" of impulses.
e. is a rapid type of nerve conduction and involves the "jumping" of impulses.
Q:
By definition, a nerve is
a. a bundle of sensory, motor, or both types of nerve fibers outside the central nervous system.
b. a single extension of a neuron.
c. the same as a neuron but within the central nervous system.
d. a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system.
e. a fiber more than ten inches in length.
Q:
A reflex pathway is the simplest pathway because it
a. involves only one synapse.
b. is evaluated and integrated by the medulla, not the cerebrum.
c. involves only two or three neurons.
d. does not involve the central nervous system in any way.
e. includes all of these.
Q:
The Spinal Cord Use the figure above showing a reflex arc to answer the following questions.
A region where neurotransmitter molecules stimulate a neuron is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
Q:
The Spinal Cord Use the figure above showing a reflex arc to answer the following questions.
Stretch-sensitive muscle spindles are indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of the following is used during the fight-or-flight response?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system
c. norepinephrine
d. sympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine
e. parasympathetic nervous system and norepinephrine
Q:
The interaction of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is best described as
a. antagonistic.
b. cooperative.
c. overriding.
d. synergistic.
e. ineffective.
Q:
Somatic system fibers in nerves carry information
a. to and from receptors.
b. to and from effectors.
c. from receptors in skin, tendons, and skeletal muscles.
d. to skeletal muscles.
e. from receptors in skin, tendons, and skeletal muscle and to skeletal muscles.
Q:
The major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the
a. somatic and autonomic systems.
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
c. peripheral and central systems.
d. afferent and autonomic systems.
e. cranial and skeletal nerves.
Q:
Enkephalins and endorphins are
a. neuromodulators.
b. stimulators of brain and nervous activity.
c. inhibitors of pain perception.
d. neuromodulators and stimulators of brain and nervous activity.
e. neuromodulators and inhibitors of pain perception.
Q:
Which of the following is mismatched?
a. acetylcholine; muscle contraction
b. endorphin; pain perception
c. norepinephrine; fight-or-flight response
d. serotonin; sexual function
e. GABA; major inhibitor in the brain
Q:
An excitatory postsynaptic potential
a. is only one of several types of graded potential.
b. has a hyperpolarizing effect.
c. will drive the membrane away from its potential.
d. is summed with an inhibitory postsynaptic potential at the input zone of a neuron in a process known as synaptic integration.
e. is none of these.
Q:
Synaptic integration means that
a. positive or excitatory stimuli produce an excitatory postsynaptic potential.
b. the positive and negative ions neutralize each other.
c. excitatory and inhibitory signals are summed in a receiving neuron.
d. the adjacent neurons interact so that excitatory and inhibitory stimuli cancel each other out.
e. all of these occur.
Q:
The above figure represents
a. neuromuscular junction.
b. muscle fiber.
c. transport proteins.
d. action potential.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of the following bridges the gap between a neuron sending a message and the neuron receiving it?
a. threshold value
b. action potential
c. transmitter molecules
d. a neurohormone
e. all of these
Q:
Which of the following is a junction between two neurons?
a. Schwann cell
b. chemical synapse
c. unsheathed node
d. sodium gate
e. all of these
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The point at which this neuron will be able to generate another action potential is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The portion(s) of an action potential where the sodium gates are open is(are) indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. A and B.
Q:
During the passage of a nerve impulse,
a. sodium ions pass through gated channels.
b. positive feedback causes more sodium ions to enter the cell.
c. the interior of the cell becomes positive relative to the outside.
d. changing voltage increases the number of open gates.
e. all of these occur.
Q:
What happens first following a neuron stimulation?
a. Sodium ions enter the cell.
b. Sodium ions leave the cell.
c. Potassium ions enter the cell.
d. Potassium ions leave the cell.
e. Potassium ions are involved in positive feedback.
Q:
Which of the following most accurately describes the cellular activity associated with the actual passage of a nerve impulse?
a. electrical discharge
b. action of sodium-potassium pump
c. positive feedback
d. hyperpolarization followed by rebalancing
e. active transport of ions
Q:
The neuron transport proteins that maintain the resting membrane potential and restore ion gradients following an action potential are
a. sodium-phosphorus passive transporters.
b. sodium-potassium pumps.
c. sodium-chlorine gated channels.
d. phosphorus-calcium pumps.
e. phosphorus-chlorine gated channels.
Q:
The resting potential across a typical neuron membrane is approximately ____ inside relative to outside.
a. ï€70 microvolts
b. ï€70 millivolts
c. ï€70 volts
d. +70 millivolts
e. +70 megavolts
Q:
The transporter indicated by the letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. an active Br transporter.
b. a sodium-potassium transporter.
c. a passive potassium transporter.
d. a calcium-phosphorus transporter.
e. none of these.
Q:
Within a single motor neuron, the direction an impulse follows is
a. dendrite >>> axon >>> cell body.
b. axon >>> dendrite >>> cell body.
c. dendrite >>> cell body >>> axon.
d. cell body >>> dendrite >>> axon.
e. cell body >>> axon >>> dendrite.
Q:
Interneurons are found in the
a. dorsal root.
b. spinal cord.
c. sensory neurons.
d. motor neurons.
e. somatic system.
Q:
The two major divisions of the vertebrate nervous system are the
a. autonomic and peripheral systems.
b. sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
c. cranial and spinal nerves.
d. central and peripheral nervous systems.
e. brain and spinal cord.
Q:
Cephalization refers to
a. a type of symmetry.
b. a type of segmentation characteristic of lower forms of life.
c. a group of protective cells found in the tentacles of a polyp.
d. a transitional state in the life cycle of a jellyfish.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of the above letters represents the brain or controlling system of nerve reactions in this organism?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following sequences is correct?
a. receptors >>> sensory neurons >>> motor neurons >>> interneurons
b. sensory neurons >>> receptors >>> motor neurons
c. motor neurons >>> integrators >>> sensory neurons
d. receptors >>> motor neurons >>> interneurons >>> sensory neurons
e. sensory neurons >>> interneurons >>> motor neurons
Q:
One or more neural effect(s) of MDMA include(s)
a. temporary psychosis.
b. panic attacks.
c. depletion of natural serotonin reserves.
d. memory loss.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of these statements is false about Ecstasy's active ingredient?
a. It is similar to methamphetamine.
b. It prevents reuptake of serotonin.
c. It disrupts homeostatic pathways that control temperature and blood pressure.
d. It is a hallucinogen.
e. It causes target cells to be overstimulated.
Q:
A human male has engaged in sexual activity. Did he use his sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system?
Q:
Imagine a neuron lost the ability to close its sodium channels. Could this neuron still propagate action potentials?
Q:
Explain why the autonomic nervous system could also be called the involuntary nervous system?
Q:
Explain how the physiologically contradictory effects of MDMA make it potentially lethal?
Q:
Activity of the two halves of the cerebrum is coordinated by means of the __________ that connects them.
Q:
The brain stem includes the __________ and __________, which control reflexes involved in breathing and other essential tasks.
Q:
Arrival of an action potential at a presynaptic cell's axon terminals triggers the release of __________, a type of chemical signal.
Q:
An action potential is a brief reversal of the __________ potential.
Q:
A neuron's __________ receive signals, and its __________ transmits signals.
Q:
The vertebrate central nervous system is a brain and _________.
Q:
Radially symmetrical animals have a nerve __________.