Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following statements is false? a. Xylem vessels are similar to drinking straws. b. The transport of water in xylem is due to positive pressure generated by the root. c. Water evaporates mainly through stomata. d. Water is drawn up to the top of a tree by the pull of transpiration. e. Plants absorb the majority of needed elements from water and soil.

Q: Water tension in a transpiring plant a. is exerted on a continuous column of water throughout the plant. b. is the result of the hydrogen bonding of water molecules. c. results in negative pressure in the xylem. d. exerts a pull on water molecules from leaves to roots. e. fits all of these descriptions.

Q: Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves? a. pressure flow b. evaporation-condensation c. cohesion-tension d. osmotic pressure e. bulk flow

Q: Which of the following does NOT describe the Casparian strip? a. waxy b. component of the endodermis c. permeable d. barrier e. waterproof

Q: The Casparian strip is associated with the a. epidermis. b. vascular tissue. c. cortex. d. root hairs. e. endodermis.

Q: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert ____ to ____. a. gaseous nitrogen; ammonia b. ammonia; gaseous nitrogen c. gaseous nitrogen; nitrates d. gaseous nitrogen; nitrites e. ammonia; nitrates

Q: The above figure is a photograph of a. a plant with root nodules. b. mycorrhizae. c. root hairs. d. a demonstration of the effect of mutualistic Rhizobium. e. a microscopic view of a nodule forming around area where the bacterium infect.

Q: Which of the following is true concerning root nodules? a. They may kill a plant. b. They are produced by a fungus. c. They remove nitrogen compounds from the plant. d. They convert the harmful ammonia that plant cells produce into gaseous nitrogen. e. None of these are true.

Q: All of the following statements are true concerning mycorrhizae EXCEPT that a. the fungus may penetrate into root cells. b. mycorrhizae increase the surface area for absorption. c. roots obtain minerals from the fungus. d. the fungus provides the plant with nitrogen-rich compounds. e. it is a mutualistic symbiosis.

Q: Leaching is caused by a. bacterial action. b. wind. c. water. d. microbial activity. e. none of these.

Q: Chlorosis, stunted growth with yellowing and death of young leaves, is caused by a deficiency of a. nitrogen. b. zinc. c. magnesium. d. iron. e. any of these.

Q: Which of the following contribute to both leaching and soil erosion? a. strong winds b. mineral composition of soil c. moving water d. climate e. none of these

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons. NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons. Which soil horizon is composed of organic litter? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

Q: The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating soil horizons. NOTE: The labels are not the actual names of the soil horizons. Which soil horizon has no organic matter or weathered rock? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E

Q: Loams are soils with the best water and oxygen penetration because they have a. a high proportion of sand. b. a high proportion of silt. c. a high proportion of clay. d. high proportions of sand and silt and a low proportion of clay. e. equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.

Q: Humus includes all of the following EXCEPT a. feces. b. dead organisms. c. leaf litter. d. weathered rock. e. decomposing organic matter.

Q: Alpine pennycress plants remove zinc and cadmium from the soil and store them away in their a. chloroplasts. b. amyloplasts. c. central vacuoles. d. Golgi bodies. e. vesicles.

Q: Organisms that are used to decontaminate soils may a. store the contaminants in their tissues. b. release pollutants into the air. c. degrade the pollutants. d. be any plant species. e. store the contaminants in their tissues, release pollutants into the air, and degrade the pollutants.

Q: The Army and the Environmental Protection Agency are decreasing the contamination at the Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds by a. removing contaminated soil. b. planting hybrid poplar trees. c. chemically degrading the contaminants. d. covering the contaminated soil with a sealant. e. doing none of these.

Q: Why does vascular cambium produce annual rings in xylem but not in phloem?

Q: For a mineral nutrient to get to the leaves, it must make it to the plant xylem. Which layer would the nutrient need to traverse in a dicot?

Q: Imagine you were "building" a plant. You wanted a particular tissue to be somewhat rigid but capable of rapid growth. What tissue type would you pick?

Q: Do trees really sequester carbon permanently or just while they are alive?

Q: __________ covers and protects the outer surfaces of primary plant parts.

Q: Photosynthetic parenchyma is called __________.

Q: The simple plant tissues are __________, __________, and __________.

Q: Secondary growth (thickening) arises from __________.

Q: Primary growth (lengthening) arises from __________.

Q: Monocots and eudicots differ in how xylem and phloem are distributed in ground tissue, in the number of petals in flowers, and in the number of __________.

Q: Shoots and roots consist of __________, __________, and __________ tissue systems.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the fine structure of a leaf. The structure(s) at letter "E" is(are) properly called __________. a. stigma. b. holes. c. openings. d. veins. e. stomata.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the fine structure of a leaf. Epidermis is labeled __________.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the fine structure of a leaf. Cells rich in chlorophyll and thus the main sites of photosynthesis are in layers labeled __________.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the general body plan of a plant. The plant parts ABOVE the line at "C" represent the a. ground tissue only. b. root system. c. shoot system. d. stalk. e. light-independent parts.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the general body plan of a plant. The sexual organs of the plant are contained in the structure labeled __________.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the general body plan of a plant. The seeds are located inside the structure labeled __________.

Q: Labeling. The following statements refer to the figure below showing the general body plan of a plant. The absorption of water and minerals occurs at the structure labeled __________.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to secondary phloem and xylem.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to lateral roots.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to ground meristem.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to protoderm and procambium.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to epidermis and cortex.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to the xylem and phloem of an older tree.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to the protective covering that forms the bark of a tree.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to primary vascular tissue.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to primary tissue forming xylem and phloem.

Q: Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to periderm.

Q: Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. xylem e. phloem Plant tissue involved in regeneration following a wound.

Q: Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. xylem e. phloem Vascular tissue of a plant composed of tracheids and vessel members.

Q: Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. xylem e. phloem Vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved salts throughout a plant.

Q: Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. xylem e. phloem Vascular tissue that conducts and distributes food to plant cells.

Q: Answer the following questions in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. parenchyma b. collenchyma c. sclerenchyma d. xylem e. phloem Ground tissue of plants, sometimes containing lignin that strengthens the adult plant.

Q: xylem Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: vascular cambium Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: stomata Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: sclerenchyma Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: procambium Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: pith Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: phloem Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: periderm Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: parenchyma Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: epidermis Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: endodermis Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: cortex Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: collenchyma Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have more than one letter. a. tissue that is part of the ground system b. tissue that is part of the vascular system c. tissue that is part of the dermal system d. develops into the vascular cambium e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem g. meristematic tissue h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts into the xylem pipeline l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of the leaf m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Vessel members

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Vascular bundles

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Tracheids

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Spongy mesophyll

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Sieve elements

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Sclereids

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Pericycle

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Palisade mesophyll

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Meristems

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Cork cambium

Q: Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. gives rise to periderm b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other xylem cells d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to storage sink area e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering vascular plants h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant in some fruits and seeds i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf j. regions that can undergo mitosis k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis Companion cells

Q: ____ are short sections of underground stem encased by overlapping layers of thickened, modified leaves called scales. a. Stolons b. Rhizomes c. Bulbs d. Corms e. Tubers

Q: ____ are fleshy, scaly stems that typically grow under the soil and parallel to its surface. a. Stolons b. Rhizomes c. Bulbs d. Corms e. Tubers

Q: Runners are modified stems that resemble roots and are also known as a. stolons. b. rhizomes. c. bulbs. d. corms. e. tubers.

Q: Which of the following environments would be most likely to produce trees without annual rings? a. tropical rain forest b. northern evergreen forest c. areas with alternating wet and dry seasons d. temperate-deciduous forests e. none of these, because annual rings are characteristic of all trees