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Biology & Life Science
Q:
If a sieve tube in a plant becomes blocked, the plant will experience difficulty in
a. carrying on transpiration.
b. transporting minerals.
c. translocating food throughout the plant.
d. completing cell division and experiencing normal growth.
e. healing wounds.
Q:
Which of the following is part of the lateral meristem?
a. cork cambium
b. procambium
c. protoderm
d. ground meristem
e. all of these
Q:
Which tissue will NOT be crushed or sloughed off by the growing of the stem?
a. vascular cambium
b. epidermis
c. cortex
d. pith
e. endodermis
Q:
Lateral meristems
a. are groups of dividing cells.
b. are responsible for increasing the width of a stem or root.
c. are cambia.
d. produce secondary growth only.
e. fit all of these descriptions.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. pericycle
b. endodermis
c. primary xylem
d. root cortex
e. primary phloem
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "C" in the above figure represents
a. pericycle
b. endodermis
c. primary xylem
d. root cortex
e. primary phloem
Q:
Which of the following gives rise to lateral roots?
a. endodermis
b. cortex
c. epidermis
d. pericycle
e. pith
Q:
Most monocots have numerous ____ roots arising from the stem.
a. adventitious
b. primary
c. epidermal
d. secondary
e. tap
Q:
If you were to penetrate through the epidermal layer of a root, you would next encounter the
a. xylem.
b. endodermis.
c. cortex.
d. phloem.
e. pericycle.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The greatest amount of photosynthesis takes place in the palisade mesophyll.
b. There are more stomata on the upper epidermis of most leaves than on the lower epidermis.
c. The palisade mesophyll is more densely packed than the spongy mesophyll.
d. The surface area of the root system is greater than that of the shoot system.
e. Photosynthesis occurs in both the spongy and palisade mesophyll.
Q:
The main photosynthetic area of a leaf consists of
a. mesophyll.
b. cortex.
c. xylem.
d. epidermis.
e. none of these.
Q:
Figure "B" in the above pair is a
a. cotyledon.
b. petiole.
c. dicot; evergreen.
d. veins.
e. monocot.
Q:
Use the figure above for the following questions.
The stalk that supports the individual eudicot leaf is the
a. vascular bundle.
b. petiole.
c. node.
d. bundle sheath.
e. stomata.
Q:
Use the figure above for the following questions.
The figure labeled "B" shows a cross-section through a ____ and a vascular bundle.
a. monocot stem
b. eudicot stem
c. monocot root
d. eudicot root
e. none of these
Q:
The vascular bundles of dicots separate the ground tissue into two zones. Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of these zones from outside to in?
a. outermost xylem >>> phloem >>> pith >>> cortex
b. outermost phloem >>> xylem >>> pith >>> cortex
c. outermost cortex >>> phloem >>> xylem >>> pith
d. outermost pith >>> phloem >>> xylem >>> cortex
e. outermost cortex >>> xylem >>> phloem >>> pith
Q:
Leaves arise
a. as part of the periderm.
b. as part of secondary growth.
c. at the nodes.
d. as a result of differentiation of cambium cells.
e. from the lateral, not the apical, meristem.
Q:
Buds are produced
a. in the axils of leaves.
b. at the very ends of stems.
c. at the nodes.
d. by the apical meristem.
e. at all of these areas.
Q:
Air and water vapor cross the epidermis via
a. pits.
b. perforations.
c. osmosis.
d. stomata.
e. tracheids.
Q:
A cuticle
a. resists water loss.
b. covers epidermal cells.
c. may contain waxes and cutin.
d. resists attack by microorganisms.
e. does all of these.
Q:
Which of the following cells are alive at maturity?
a. sieve tube members
b. vessel members
c. tracheids
d. vessel members and tracheids
e. sieve tube members and vessel members
Q:
Lignin is to cellulose strands as ____ is to epidermal cells.
a. cuticulin
b. epidermerin
c. pectin
d. cutin
e. chitin
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "B" in the above figure represents
a. sclerenchyma fibers.
b. parenchyma.
c. xylem.
d. epidermis.
e. phloem.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. sclerenchyma fibers.
b. parenchyma.
c. xylem.
d. epidermis.
e. phloem.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT considered strengthening or supportive tissue?
a. collenchyma
b. xylem
c. sclerenchyma
d. parenchyma
e. cork
Q:
Which of the following is false?a. Periderm is a primary tissue.b. There is no tissue in animals that corresponds to meristem tissue of plants.c. Growth from cell division at the tips of stems and roots produces primary growth.d. Divisions of the lateral meristem increase the diameter of the roots and stems.e. Lateral meristem activity produces secondary growth.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "C" in the above figure represents
a. transverse.
b. radial.
c. tangential.
d. elliptical.
e. obtuse.
Q:
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. transverse.
b. radial.
c. tangential.
d. elliptical.
e. obtuse.
Q:
Most of the plant body is composed of
a. dermal tissue.
b. root tissue.
c. ground tissue.
d. vascular tissue.
e. cork tissue.
Q:
Which statement is NOT generally true of monocot stems?
a. They do not undergo secondary growth.
b. They are not tapered along their length.
c. Their vascular bundles are distributed throughout the ground tissue.
d. Monocot stems have a single, central vascular cylinder.
e. All of these are not true.
Q:
Primary growth
a. occurs along the sides of stems.
b. is dependent upon apical meristem.
c. increases the diameter of older plants.
d. is responsible for additions to woody parts.
e. fits all of these descriptions.
Q:
Perpetually young tissues where cells retain the ability to divide are
a. vascular.
b. meristematic.
c. protective.
d. photosynthetic.
e. all of these.
Q:
The letter "C" in the figure above represents
a. root apical meristem.
b. dermal tissue.
c. vascular tissue.
d. ground tissues.
e. ground, dermal, and vascular tissues.
Q:
The Plant Body The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. ground tissue.
b. dermal tissue.
c. vascular tissue.
d. apical meristem.
e. shoot root combination.
Q:
Carbon is not stored in plant:
a. trunks.
b. stems.
c. roots.
d. foliage.
e. it is stored in all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true of carbon dioxide?
a. It is released in the burning of fossil fuels.
b. It contributes to ozone destruction.
c. It is absorbed by plants.
d. It contributes to global warming.
e. All of these are true.
Q:
What cultural trait is unique to hominins?
Q:
Why is it so difficult to identify the beginnings of the hominin line?
Q:
What skeletal features differentiate modern humans from apes, and what common purpose do all these differences serve?
Q:
Did H. sapiens mate with H. neanderthalensis? How do we know?
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo erectus
c. Homo sapiens
d. Homo neanderthalensis
This species was the first Homo species definitely known to use tools.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo erectus
c. Homo sapiens
d. Homo neanderthalensis
This species was the first known to use fire.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo erectus
c. Homo sapiens
d. Homo neanderthalensis
Our own species evolved from this species.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the four hominids listed below.
a. Homo habilis
b. Homo erectus
c. Homo sapiens
d. Homo neanderthalensis
The Neanderthals belong to this species.
Q:
Neanderthals
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Q:
Homo sapiens
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Q:
Homo erectus
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Q:
Australopithecus
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
Q:
Primates
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Neanderthals
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Miocene
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Hominoids
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Hominins
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Australopith
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Anthropoids
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a group that includes apes and humans
b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans
c. the order that includes animals with freely swiveling limbs, mobile grasping digits, upright body posture, good depth perception, and exquisite neural control
d. organisms in a group that includes New World and Old World monkeys, apes, and humans
e. an era that began 65 to 63 million years ago; characterized by the evolution of birds, mammals, and flowering plants
f. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 23.8 million to 5.3 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of primitive apes
g. an epoch of the Cenozoic lasting from 5.3 million to 1.8 million years ago; characterized by the appearance of distinctly modern plants and animals
h. bipedal organisms from about 3.2 to 2.3 million years ago, with essentially human bodies and ape-shaped heads; "Southern Apes"
i. a group including humans and human-like species
Q:
Some researchers think H. floresiensis is a more common early human with a genetic or nutritional disorder. What other early human was thought of this way when their fossils were first discovered?
a. H. neanderthalensis
b. H. erectus
c. H. sapiens
d. H. ergaster
e. H. habilis
Q:
Which is not true of the fossils found on the island of Flores?
a. They are shorter than modern humans.
b. They have very small brains.
c. They are 200 000 years old.
d. They have a heavy brow ridge.
e. They are small.
Q:
The replacement model is supported by evidence from
a. the fossil record.
b. DNA sequencing data from mitochondria.
c. DNA sequencing data from chromosomes.
d. global climate change patterns.
e. all of these.
Q:
According to the multiregional model,
a. Homo erectus populations migrated out of Africa.
b. Homo erectus evolved further in regions beyond Africa.
c. Homo erectus populations gave rise to races of Homo sapiens.
d. Homo sapiens subpopulations originated in several separate locations.
e. all of these are true.
Q:
Smaller teeth and jaws, presence of a chin, thin facial bones, and rounder, higher skull would be a partial description of
a. Australopithecus robustus.
b. Australopithecus boisei.
c. Homo habilis (early Homo).
d. Homo erectus.
e. Homo sapiens.
Q:
Which of the following statements is NOT a possibility even though the phylogenetic lineages for hominins are not definitive?
a. Homo preceded Australopithecus.
b. Homo sapiens is the most recent.
c. Australopithecus is probably more ancient than Homo.
d. Homo erectus preceded Homo sapiens.
e. Homo and Australopithecus may have evolved at the same time.
Q:
The earliest humans used tools to
a. assist in locomotion.
b. provide protection.
c. facilitate the processing of food.
d. ward off predators.
e. construct shelters.
Q:
Fossils of the earliest known true hominins are approximately how many millions of years old?
a. more than 20
b. about 10
c. between 7 and 2
d. less than 0.5
e. none of these
Q:
The primate fossil named Lucy was
a. a dryopith.
b. an australopith.
c. a cercopith.
d. a prosimian.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of the following is a hominin?
a. chimpanzee
b. Australopithecus
c. baboon
d. chimpanzee and Australopithecus
e. chimpanzee, Australopithecus, and baboon
Q:
Which species is considered most ancient?
a. Homo erectus
b. Australopithecus afarensis
c. Australopithecus africanus
d. Homo sapiens
e. Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Q:
Perhaps the greatest asset possessed by early hominins was
a. their use of many different kinds of foods.
b. the ability to walk without using the forelimbs.
c. a heavy, muscular build.
d. the ability to reason and learn.
e. less hair on the body.
Q:
The early hominin fossils are found in
a. Africa.
b. Asia.
c. Australia.
d. the South Pacific.
e. Europe.
Q:
How long ago did the hominin evolutionary line diverge from that leading to the great apes?
a. about 3 million years ago
b. between 10 million and 5 million years ago
c. during the Eocene epoch
d. less than 2 million years ago
e. about 1.5 million years ago
Q:
Bipedal behavior and a skeleton adapted for bipedalism were not weeded out by natural selection because they
a. improved stability during locomotion.
b. enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment.
c. accelerated the development of binocular vision.
d. improved stability during locomotion and enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment.
e. improved stability during locomotion, enabled the forelimbs to efficiently manipulate the environment, and accelerated the development of binocular vision.
Q:
The conclusion that early hominins were bipedal is based in part on examination of
a. their S-shaped backbone.
b. the position of the foramen magnum.
c. footprints.
d. positions of the foramen magnum, S-shaped backbone, and footprints.
e. length of the femur.
Q:
Hominins are characterized by
a. further expansion and elaboration of the brain.
b. bipedalism.
c. omnivorous feeding behavior.
d. further expansion and elaboration of the brain and bipedalism.
e. further expansion and elaboration of the brain, bipedalism, and omnivorous feeding behavior.
Q:
Hominids evolved when the climate was
a. wet and hotter.
b. wet and cooler.
c. dry and hotter.
d. dry and cooler.
e. none of these.
Q:
The great adaptive radiation of hominoids in the Miocene is attributable to
a. the proliferation of complex forests.
b. an extended cooling and drying trend.
c. the advent of bipedalism.
d. the evolution of a large brain.
e. changes in tooth structure.
Q:
What is not a feature of humans that differentiates us from apes?
a. Bipedalism.
b. Precision grip.
c. Larger brain.
d. Little body hair.
e. All of these.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a gorilla feature?
a. Spinal cord attach at rear of skull.
b. C-shaped spine.
c. Legs longer than arms.
d. Flat foot.
e. Opposable big toe.
Q:
Which of the following is not a modern ape?
a. Gibbon.
b. New World Monkey.
c. Chimpanzee.
d. Gorilla.
e. Orangutan.
Q:
Which is not a typical feature of anthropoids?
a. Diurnal.
b. Good eyesight.
c. Color vision.
d. Carnivorous.
e. All of these.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a feature of New World Monkeys?
a. Flat face.
b. No opposable thumb.
c. Widely spaced nostrils.
d. Prehensile tail.
e. All of these.
Q:
The primate-like mammals first arose about how many million years ago?
a. 95
b. 85
c. 55
d. 25
e. 15
Q:
Which of the following features is NOT an important evolutionary advancement in the evolution of the tree dwelling primates?
a. grasping hands and feet
b. depth perception
c. well-developed sense of smell
d. the ability to see in 3D
e. a large brain relative to body size