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Biology & Life Science
Q:
A hominin of Europe and Asia that became extinct nearly 30,000 years ago was
a. a dryopith.
b. Australopithecus.
c. Homo erectus.
d. Homo neanderthalensis
e. Homo floresiensis.
Q:
Neanderthals were members of
a. Australopithecus robustus.
b. Homo habilis (early Homo).
c. Homo erectus.
d. Homo sapiens.
e. none of these.
Q:
All EXCEPT which of the following statements about Neanderthals is true?
a. Neanderthals diverged from modern humans around 500,000 years ago.
b. They lived in Europe and the Near East.
c. Neanderthals are direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.
d. Neanderthals brains were larger than those of modern humans.
e. They have no modern descendents.
Q:
Neanderthal remains have never been found in:
a. Germany.
b. Asia.
c. North America.
d. the Middle East.
e. they have been found all these places
Q:
Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were:
a. skinnier.
b. shorter.
c. more numerous.
d. more widely dispersed.
e. small brained.
Q:
How long ago did Neanderthals go extinct?
a. 30,000 years ago.
b. 100,000 years ago.
c. 500,000 years ago.
d. 1 000,000 years ago.
e. 2,000,000 years ago.
Q:
__________, the first vertebrates able to complete their life cycle on dry land, have water conserving skin and kidneys, and amniote eggs.
Q:
Many amphibians now face extinction, and one cause is believed to be a __________ fungus.
Q:
__________ are tetrapods that live on land but typically return to water to reproduce.
Q:
__________, or four-legged walkers, evolved from lobe-finned bony fishes.
Q:
__________ are jawless fishes with a backbone.
Q:
In lineages that moved onto land, gills were replaced by lungs; kidneys became better at conserving __________, and the circulatory system became more efficient.
Q:
Jaws and paired fins evolved in early __________.
Q:
__________ are chordates with a braincase of cartilage or bone.
Q:
Invertebrate chordates include __________ and __________, both marine filter-feeders.
Q:
Four features help define __________: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a pharynx with gill slits, and a tail extending past the anus.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Members of one unusual group may have been ancestors of amphibians.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Some species of this class live in water but are not dependent upon an aquatic environment.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Members of this class have cartilaginous skeletons but also possess jaws.
Q:
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.
Q:
Tunicates
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Snakes
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Sharks
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Salamanders
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Platypus
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Placoderms
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Crocodile
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Opossum
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Lancelets
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Lampreys
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Humans
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Caecilians
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Bony fishes
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Birds
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called "sea squirt"
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
Q:
Which group of mammals exhibits the widest distribution and greatest diversity?
a. marsupials
b. monotremes
c. placentals
d. marsupials and monotremes
e. placentals and monotremes
Q:
The placental mammalian counterpart of Australia's spiny anteater is the
a. Tasmanian devil.
b. aardvark.
c. giant anteater.
d. woolly lemur.
e. aardvark and giant anteater.
Q:
Egg-laying mammals
a. hatch fully developed young from their eggs.
b. are monotremes.
c. are hairless.
d. are confined to South America.
e. bear their young into permanent pouches.
Q:
Which of the following is(are) an important influence(s) on the evolution of mammals?
a. continental movement
b. geographic isolation
c. competition between species
d. decline of the dinosaurs
e. all of these
Q:
A great adaptive radiation of mammals began about ____ million years ago.
a. 25
b. 65
c. 95
d. 125
e. 165
Q:
The letter "A" in the above figure represents which teeth?
a. incisors
b. molars
c. canines
d. premolars
e. none of these
Q:
The letter "D" in the above figure represents which teeth?
a. incisors
b. molars
c. canines
d. premolars
e. none of these
Q:
The letter "C" in the above figure represents which teeth?
a. incisors
b. molars
c. canines
d. premolars
e. none of these
Q:
The letter "D" in the above figure represents
a. humerus
b. pectoral girdle
c. skull
d. sternum
e. pelvic girdle
Q:
The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. humerus
b. pectoral girdle
c. skull
d. sternum
e. pelvic girdle
Q:
Which is NOT one of the four extraembryonic membranes of the amniote egg?
a. albumin
b. amnion
c. chorion
d. allantois
e. yolk sac
Q:
Birds and crocodiles share which of the following characteristics?
a. ectothermy (body temperature regulated by environment)
b. body hair
c. four-chambered heart
d. lung design
e. light-weight bones
Q:
Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. their lack of scales.
b. producing land eggs.
c. the ability to maintain a relatively constant body temperature.
d. the ability to fertilize eggs internally.
e. their possession of a dorsal nerve cord.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Lizards are a very small component of the present-day reptiles.
b. Lizards gave rise to the snakes.
c. Some lizards are not predators.
d. Lizards have over lapping scales on their bodies.
e. All lizards are roughly the same size.
Q:
Which of these statements about snakes is false?
a. All snakes are carnivores.
b. All snakes use internal fertilization.
c. All snakes are venomous.
d. All snakes have flexible skull bones and hinged jaws.
e. Some snakes retain skeletal remnants of hindlimbs.
Q:
All crocodilians
a. live in or near water.
b. are predators with sharp teeth.
c. have a four-chambered heart.
d. have powerful jaws.
e. fit all of these descriptions.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. About 300 species of turtles currently exist.
b. Turtles do not have teeth.
c. Turtle shells are enlarged in marine forms.
d. Turtles must return to land to lay eggs.
e. Most sea turtle species are highly endangered.
Q:
The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg was the
a. Aves.
b. Amphibia.
c. Reptilia.
d. Osteichthyes.
e. Mammalia.
Q:
Amniotes differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. their large size.
b. their three-chambered heart.
c. their internal fertilization.
d. the possession of a slimy skin.
e. having external scales.
Q:
Most amphibians are completely dependent on an aquatic environment for
a. respiration.
b. feeding.
c. reproduction.
d. respiration and reproduction.
e. respiration, reproduction, and feeding.
Q:
Declining amphibian populations are correlated with
a. habitat loss.
b. introduction of new species.
c. long-term changes in climate.
d. fungal infections and parasitic diseases.
e. all of these.
Q:
The first tetrapods evolved
a. on land.
b. after the amphibians.
c. in water.
d. after the first amniotes.
e. from the ray-finned fishes.
Q:
Which of the following is not a member of the bony fishes?
a. teleosts
b. ray-finned fish
c. lungfish
d. stingrays
e. lobe-finned fishes
Q:
Sharks differ from most other fish in that they lack
a. gill slits.
b. scales.
c. bone.
d. paired appendages.
e. teeth.
Q:
Which is not true of placoderms?
a. They gave birth to live young.
b. They had jaws.
c. They had teeth.
d. They had paired pelvic fins.
e. They had paired pectoral fins.
Q:
From what feature are jaws through to have evolved?
a. pharynx
b. vertebrae
c. legs
d. arms
e. gill arches
Q:
Pouches in the gut wall developed into ____ in fishes that are ancestral to land vertebrates.
a. heart chambers
b. the notochord
c. lobes of the liver
d. lungs
e. vocal cords
Q:
The feeding habits of lampreys are best described as
a. suspension feeding.
b. predatory.
c. parasitic.
d. scavenging.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is(are) NOT trend(s) of vertebrate evolution?
a. conversion of the support for locomotion from the notochord to the vertebral column
b. expansion of the nerve cord to form the brain and spinal cord
c. changes in the respiratory system from gills to lungs with accompanying changes in the circulatory system
d. the development of fewer, more efficient chambers in the heart
e. modification of limbs that allowed for more efficient movement
Q:
Land vertebrates evolved which of the following to help maintain water balance?
a. circulatory system
b. thyroid
c. kidneys
d. liver
e. none of these
Q:
Which phylum is most closely related developmentally to the first vertebrates?
a. Echinodermata
b. Arthropoda
c. Mollusca
d. Annelida
e. none of these
Q:
Arrow "B" points to a structure that
a. is one of the four exclusive features of chordates.
b. extends anteriorly into the head region.
c. provides support for muscle contraction.
d. is replaced in most adult vertebrates by the vertebral column.
e. includes all of these.
Q:
Which structure is a rod of stiffened support tissue?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A and B
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a feature that is found exclusively among all vertebrates?
a. notochord
b. pharyngeal gill slits
c. four legs
d. post-anal tail
e. dorsal nerve cord
Q:
Which of the following traits does the fossil above share with modern birds?
a. long, clawed fingers on each forelimb
b. it had teeth
c. it had feathers
d. it had a long bony tail
e. all of these
Q:
Archaeopteryx is a transitional form between
a. birds and mammals.
b. mammals and reptiles.
c. reptiles and birds.
d. fish and amphibians.
e. amphibians and reptiles.
Q:
Mammals appeared 220 MYA but did not begin to greatly diversify until 65 MYA - why?
Q:
Birds are evolved from reptiles, but also differ dramatically. List features of birds that differentiate them from most reptiles?
Q:
How do lampreys differ from modern jawed fishes?
Q:
Give the bird-like and reptile-like features of Archaeopteryx?
Q:
A __________ is an organ that allows exchange of nutrients between an embryo and its mother.
Q:
Reptiles are __________ (cold-blooded animals) with scales.
Q:
The __________ asteroid hypothesis proposes that an asteroid impact led to the extinction of dinosaurs.
Q:
Genetic evidence suggests that insects have evolved from crustaceans. What is a reason that insects are so much smaller than crustaceans?
Q:
Explain how insects are both essential for and detrimental to agriculture
Q:
Why might tardigrades make good organisms for space flight?