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Biology & Life Science
Q:
All fungi are __________ that secrete digestive enzymes on organic matter and absorb released nutrients.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
The delicious, highly-prized truffle is a member of this group.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
The common black bread mold is a member of this group.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
The yeast used in the fermentation of grape juice to produce the wines of the world is a member of this group.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
Penicillium, the source of antibiotics, is a member of this group.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
The common mushroom bought in the average supermarket is a member of this group.
Q:
Which of the following is not true of Claviceps purpurea?
a. It causes ergotism.
b. It produces toxic alkaloids.
c. It parasitizes rye.
d. It may have played a role in the Salem witch trials.
e. All of these are true
Q:
Chestnut blight is caused by a:
a. Bacteria
b. Fungus
c. Protist
d. Worm
e. Virus
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a fungal disease?
a. Ergotism
b. Ringworm
c. Athlete's foot
d. Vaginal yeast infection
e. Tuberculosis
Q:
A fungus would be most likely to infect:
a. skin.
b. blood.
c. bone.
d. muscle.
e. connective tissue.
Q:
Mycorrhizae
a. benefit plant growth.
b. are an example of mutualism.
c. receives sugars from its plant partner.
d. increase the surface area for absorption.
e. are described by all of these.
Q:
Mycorrhizae are
a. the small roots in the root systems of trees.
b. endosymbiotic bacteria associated with plant roots.
c. fungus and root mutualistic associations.
d. parasitic fungal infections of tree roots.
e. endosymbiotic fungal cells associated with leaves.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true of the organism depicted in the figure below?
a. It represents a symbiotic relationship.
b. It contains two different organisms.
c. It is found in association with tree roots.
d. It can live in harsh climates.
e. It can break down the bedrock it colonizes.
Q:
Which factor is the most important algal contribution to the fungal component of a lichen?
a. improved water conservation
b. mechanical protection
c. photosynthetically derived food
d. conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrates
e. pigment for camouflage
Q:
Lichens are symbiotic relationships established between
a. a club fungus and a green alga.
b. a club fungus and a cyanobacterium.
c. sac fungi and green algae.
d. sac fungi and cyanobacteria.
e. sac fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria.
Q:
Endophytic fungi
a. are parasitic fungi that live inside the leaves and stems of most plants.
b. are symbionts that live inside the leaves and stems of most plants.
c. are parasitic fungi that live inside the cells of most animals.
d. are fungi that live inside the cells of other fungi.
e. cause disease in important grasses such as fescue.
Q:
The structure that people typically refer to as a "mushroom" is technically called the
a. basidiocarp.
b. mycelium.
c. ascocarp.
d. hyphal mass.
e. zygospore.
Q:
In club fungi, each club-shaped cell initially
a. is a spore.
b. is a zygote.
c. contains a single nucleus.
d. is dikaryotic.
e. undergoes mitosis to produce spores.
Q:
A dikaryotic cell
a. is a spore.
b. results from nuclear fusion.
c. contains nuclei of two different mating types.
d. becomes a zygote.
e. becomes a gamete.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above.
The structures labeled "B" in the figure are
a. zygospores.
b. haploid spores.
c. ascospores.
d. gametes.
e. zygotes.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above.
The structure labeled "A" in the figure is a(n)
a. club-shaped reproductive cell.
b. zygote.
c. ascus.
d. gill from the underside of a mushroom.
e. spore sac.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above.
The figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n)
a. zygomycete.
b. ascomycete.
c. basidiomycete.
d. glomeromycete.
e. lichen.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT associated with a mushroom?
a. gill
b. dikaryotic hyphae
c. nuclear fusion
d. meiosis
e. flagellated spores.
Q:
The direct result of cytoplasmic fusion in basidiomycetes and ascomycetes is the production of a
a. dikaryotic cell.
b. zygote.
c. gamete.
d. spore.
e. mushroom.
Q:
Mushrooms are found in which of the following?
a. Ascomycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Chytrids
e. Zygomycetes
Q:
The above figure is of one of the most poisonous mushrooms. Which of the following is true?
a. It is a club fungus.
b. It is called death cap.
c. It is often mistaken for a puffball.
d. It kills by causing liver and kidney failure.
e. All of these are true.
Q:
The club fungi are members of which of the following?
a. Ascomycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Chytrids
e. Zygomycetes
Q:
Aspergillus andPenicillium are related because both
a. produce antibiotics.
b. reproduce sexually using ascospores.
c. are club fungi.
d. parasitize human mucous membranes.
e. lack known sexual stages.
Q:
Yeasts are members of which of the following?
a. Ascomycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Chytrids
e. Zygomycetes
Q:
The above figure is of ____
a. Arthrobotrys.
b. a parasitic fungus.
c. a fungus attacking a nematode.
d. a sac fungus.
e. all of these.
Q:
The life cycle of a zygomycete differs markedly from that of animals because in this fungus
a. a sexual stage is absent.
b. mitosis occurs in the haploid growth stage.
c. there is no fusion of nuclei.
d. meiosis occurs to produce the haploid growth stage.
e. a diploid stage is absent.
Q:
The structure labeled "B" in the figure is a(n)
a. asexual spore.
b. haploid spore.
c. zygospore.
d. gamete.
e. spore sac.
Q:
The figure illustrates a portion of the life cycle of a(n)
a. zygomycete.
b. ascomycete.
c. basidiomycete.
d. glomeromycete.
e. lichen.
Q:
The above figure represents a fungus known as ____.
a. Puccinia.
b. Rhizopus.
c. Agaricus.
d. Pilobolus.
e. Amanita.
Q:
The above figure represents ____, a group of parasitic fungi that are killing amphibians around the world.a. Chytridsb. Ascomycetesc. Basidiomycetesd. Glomeromycetese. Zygomycetes
Q:
The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage are thea. Chytrids.b. Ascomycetes.c. Basidiomycetes.d. Glomeromycetes.e. Zygomycetes.
Q:
The cell walls of fungi are composed mainly of
a. cellulose.
b. lignin.
c. chitin.
d. pectin.
e. protein.
Q:
Which of the following statements describes the value of fungi in the environment?
a. Fungi "fix" nitrogen from the air for use by plants.
b. Fungi trap sunlight energy in the form of carbohydrates.
c. Fungi release elements from organic matter.
d. Fungi enrich the soil by decreasing the rate of decay of organic matter.
e. Fungi remove toxic metals from the soil.
Q:
The above photomicrograph is of
a. mycelium.
b. protistans.
c. mycorrhizae.
d. stolons.
e. rhizoids.
Q:
Most true fungi send out cellular filaments called
a. mycelia.
b. hyphae.
c. mycorrhizae.
d. stolons.
e. rhizoids.
Q:
The ____ fungi rely on extracellular digestion and absorption of energy-rich substances from living organisms.
a. chemosynthetic
b. saprobic
c. parasitic
d. plasmodial
e. autotrophic
Q:
Fungi are genetically most closely related to
a. ferns.
b. flowering plants.
c. algae.
d. animals.
e. none of these.
Q:
All fungi
a. are saprobes.
b. digest food extracellularly.
c. are parasites.
d. digest food intracellularly.
e. can ingest food particles.
Q:
Which would create a more acute dietary shortage for human beings - the loss of monocot crops or the loss of dicot crops?
Q:
Will our modern forests eventually become coal?
Q:
Why do ferns only thrive in moist environments?
Q:
Describe the challenges that plants faced when they entered the land, and how did they overcome them?
Q:
__________ include conifers, cycads, ginkgos, and gnetophytes.
Q:
Ferns, roots, and fronds grow from __________.
Q:
__________ attach a gametophyte to soil or another surface.
Q:
In seed plants, __________ allow reproduction without standing water.
Q:
Features that contributed to success on land include __________ and __________ (two types of vascular tissues).
Q:
Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ and __________ that minimize water loss.
Q:
Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ that protects spores.
Q:
A __________ dominates bryophyte life cycles.
Q:
Land plants, or embryophytes, are close relatives of __________, a kind of green algae.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
Members of this group have seeds containing two cotyledons enclosed in an ovary.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
Members of this group are heterosporous with well-developed seed and pollen-bearing cones.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
Orchids are members of this division.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
The giant club mosses of the Carboniferous period were members of this group.
Q:
Answer the following questions in reference to the five divisions of vascular plants listed below.
a. lycophytes
b. bryophytes
c. monocots
d. conifers
e. eudicots
In members of this group the gametophyte is the dominant generation.
Q:
Angiosperm
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Mosses, liverworts
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Horsetails
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Ginkgos
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Monocots
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Ferns
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Cycads
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Club mosses
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Conifers
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Eudicots
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Q:
Which of the following has been called the world's most nutritious plant
a. wheat.
b. rice.
c. apple.
d. quinoa.
e. barley.
Q:
Which of the following is made from tree bark?
a. cinnamon.
b. cocaine.
c. syrup.
d. hemp.
e. saffron.
Q:
Which of the following parts of angiosperms is not a food source?
a. roots.
b. fruits.
c. shoots.
d. nectar.
e. all of these are food sources.
Q:
Which of the following is not a C3 grass?
a. wheat.
b. oats.
c. barley.
d. rice
e. legumes.
Q:
All EXCEPT which of the following are monocots?
a. orchids
b. wheat
c. maple
d. grass
e. palms
Q:
The majority of vascular plants possess or are characterized by
a. leaves.
b. dependent gametophytes.
c. seeds.
d. microspores and megaspores.
e. all of these.
Q:
The rapid expansion of angiosperms late in the Mesozoic era appears to be related to their coevolution with
a. dinosaurs.
b. gymnosperms.
c. insects.
d. mammals.
e. birds.
Q:
Dependence on animal vectors for fertilization and dispersal is characteristic of many species of
a. ferns.
b. angiosperms.
c. mosses.
d. conifers.
e. cycads.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above of the life cycle of a pine.
The male gametophyte is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.