Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Biology & Life Science
Q:
Consider the Hershey-Chase experiment. Is their choice of a bacteriophage unusual?
Q:
In __________ one cell from an adult is fused with an enucleated egg.
Q:
DNA is replicated by a process called __________.
Q:
A free nucleotide has a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), __________ phosphate groups, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases.
Q:
Experiments with bacteria and __________ offered solid evidence that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), not protein, is hereditary material.
Q:
Two hydrogen bonds connect adenine to __________ in the DNA molecule.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Q:
If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position, this complements it on the other chain.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Q:
This nucleotide is a double-ring molecule.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Q:
This nucleotide is not incorporated into the structure of the DNA helix.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Q:
Erwin Chargaff's data indicates that within a species the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of this.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Q:
Watson and Crick
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Miescher
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Pauling
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Hershey and Chase
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Griffith
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Franklin
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Chargaff
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Avery
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
Q:
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a type of
a. embryo cloning.
b. adult cloning.
c. therapeutic cloning.
d. artificial twinning.
e. stem cell cloning.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true of adult cell cloning?
a. It involves differentiated cells.
b. It occurs with some frequency in nature.
c. It involves rewinding the developmental clock.
d. It involves an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed.
e. It may involve nuclear transfer.
Q:
The above figure represents
a. cloning with a stem cell.
b. somatic cell nuclear transfer.
c. genetic manipulation of a single gene.
d. microsurgical manipulation of a chromosome.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which of the following is not true of mutations?
a. They are always dangerous.
b. They can occur as DNA replication errors.
c. They cannot be repaired after replication.
d. They may become cancerous.
e. If in eggs or sperm the pass to the next generation.
Q:
Which of the following is true of embryo cloning?
a. It occurs all the time in nature.
b. It involves the genetic contribution of two parents.
c. It produces identical offspring.
d. "Artificial twinning" is a laboratory application of the process.
e. All of these are true.
Q:
Franklin worked closely with
a. Wilkins.
b. Watson.
c. Crick.
d. Chargaff.
e. none of these.
Q:
Franklin's assignment at Cambridge was to investigate the structure of
a. proteins.
b. coal.
c. DNA.
d. carbohydrates.
e. lipids.
Q:
DNA polymerases
a. are enzymes.
b. add new nucleotides to a strand.
c. catalyze hydrogen bonding.
d. assemble new strands in a specific direction.
e. are all of these.
Q:
Strand B has the same order of nucleotides as strand(s)
a. A.
b. C.
c. D.
d. C and D.
e. A and D.
Q:
The DNA strands that will be together in the new DNA molecules area. A - D and B - C.b. A - B and C - D.c. A - C and B - D.d. A - D - B and A - D - C.e. A - B - C - D.
Q:
The figure illustrates
a. DNA repair.
b. semiconservative replication.
c. the action of the ligases.
d. the action of glycosylases.
e. DNA hybridization.
Q:
The function of helicase enzymes is to
a. break hydrogen bonds and unwind the two strands of the DNA molecule prior to replication.
b. rewind the two DNA molecules after replication.
c. remove bases that might have been inserted incorrectly.
d. seal new short stretches of nucleotides into one continuous strand.
e. fragment old DNA that is no longer of use to the cell.
Q:
DNA polymerase assembles new strands
a. in a 5' to 3' direction only.
b. in a 5' to 3' direction building one strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the other stand.
c. in a 5' to 3' direction building the first half of a strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the second half of a strand.
d. in a 3' to 5' direction building the first half of a strand and a 5' to 3' direction building the second half of a strand.
e. in a 3' to 5' direction on the "old" 3' to 5' strand.
Q:
DNA replication is
a. redundant.
b. semiconservative.
c. progressive.
d. conservative.
e. repetitive.
Q:
In the spiral staircase model of DNA, the rungs are
a. deoxyribose sugars.
b. hydrogen bonds.
c. nucleotide base pairs.
d. phosphate groups.
e. composed of all of these.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing.
b. In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine, and cytosine always base pairs with thymine.
c. Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base.
d. When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds.
e. None of these statements are true.
Q:
Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating
a. covalent and ionic bonds.
b. nitrogen-containing bases.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. sugar and phosphate molecules.
e. covalent and hydrogen bonds.
Q:
Which of the following is determined about DNA from X-ray diffraction data?
a. DNA is uniform in diameter.
b. DNA is long and narrow.
c. Part of the DNA molecule repeats itself often.
d. The DNA molecule is spiraled.
e. All of these are determined.
Q:
Rosalind Franklin was the first scientist to work with
a. the "wet" form of DNA.
b. dehydrated DNA.
c. DNA from eukaryotic cells.
d. X-rays in biological research.
e. and learn from Watson and Crick.
Q:
Rosalind Franklin used which technique to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA?
a. transformation
b. transmission electron microscopy
c. density-gradient centrifugation
d. X-ray diffraction
e. all of these
Q:
Which scientist(s) discovered the basis for the base-pair rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine match, as do the amounts of cytosine and guanine?
a. Avery
b. Griffith
c. Chargaff
d. Hershey and Chase
e. Pauling
Q:
Hydrogen bonding is strongest between
a. adenine and guanine.
b. uracil and thymine.
c. guanine and uracil.
d. adenine and thymine.
e. cytocine and guanine.
Q:
DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT
a. adenine.
b. uracil.
c. guanine.
d. adenine.
e. thymine.
Q:
James Watson and Francis Crick
a. were both English researchers working at Cambridge University.
b. performed elegant experiments in DNA chemistry.
c. constructed an accurate model of the DNA molecule illustrating its structural simplicity.
d. performed experiments that convinced scientists that DNA is a double-stranded molecule.
e. did all of these
Q:
The experiments of which of the following researchers clearly distinguished DNA and NOT protein as the hereditary material?
a. Pauling
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Griffith
d. Watson and Crick
e. Avery
Q:
If a mixture of bacteriophages, some labeled with radioactive sulfur and others labeled with radioactive phosphorus, is placed in a bacterial culture, the bacteria will eventually contain
a. radioactive sulfur.
b. radioactive phosphorus.
c. both radioactive sulfur and phosphorus.
d. neither radioactive sulfur nor radioactive phosphorus.
e. complete viruses with radioactive sulfur coats.
Q:
The significance of the Hershey and Chase experiments in which 32P and 35S were used is that
a. DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced in the course of an experiment.
b. they demonstrated that DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus.
c. they established that proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred.
d. they demonstrated that bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their protein coats, into their hosts.
e. DNA may be the hereditary material; although, bacteriophages transfer both DNA and proteins into their hosts.
Q:
The concept proven by the experiment in this figure is that
a. protein is not the encoding material.
b. protein enters the host cell.
c. protein denatures due to radiation.
d. protein is composed of subunits with phosphate.
e. all of these are correct.
Q:
The above figure represents the research of which of the following researchers?
a. Delbrck
b. Avery and McCarty
c. Chagraff
d. Luria
e. Hershey and Chase
Q:
Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing rough (R) bacteria to smooth (S)?
a. Avery and McCarty
b. Griffith
c. Chargaff
d. Hershey and Chase
e. Pauling
Q:
Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to the extract.
a. protein-digesting
b. mRNA-digesting
c. tRNA-digesting
d. DNA-digesting
e. any of these
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above and to the Fred Griffith experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.If the syringe contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumoniaea. the mouse will live.b. live S strain bacteria will be detected in the mouse's blood.c. the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria.d. The dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria.e. DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above and to the Fred Griffith experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.If the syringe contains live R strain Streptococcus pneumoniaea. the mouse will die.b. live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.c. the mouse will live.d. no live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.e. the live R strain bacteria will develop pathogenicity.
Q:
The following questions refer to the figure above and to the Fred Griffith experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae.If the syringe contains live S strain Streptococcus pneumoniaea. the mouse will die.b. live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.c. the mouse will live.d. no live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood.e. the live S strain bacteria will lose their pathogenicity.
Q:
The significance of Fred Griffith's experiment in which he used two strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae is that
a. pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms.
b. it demonstrated that harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by bacteria a transformation factor.
c. it established that pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains.
d. dead cells lose their genetic information.
e. the genetic material is DNA, not protein.
Q:
Friedrich Miescher is credited with
a. proposing DNA as the hereditary material.
b. determining that proteins are the physical basis of inheritance.
c. defining the laws of inheritance.
d. discovering DNA.
e. determining that proteins are composed of unlimited combinations of twenty amino acids.
Q:
How many pairs of autosomes are in a typical human karyotype?
a. 1
b. 22
c. 23
d. 46
e. 92
Q:
Which of the following is not potentially part of a chromosome in eukaryotes?
a. centromere.
b. histone.
c. sister chromatid.
d. nucleosome
e. all of these are part of a eukaryotic chromosome.
Q:
Which of the following is not a goal of cloning?
a. bring animals back from extinction.
b. form replacement tissues and organs.
c. increase numbers of endangered animals.
d. clone valuable livestock.
e. all of these are goals.
Q:
What percent of implanted clone embryos survive to be born alive?
a. 2.
b. 5.
c. 10.
d. 25.
e. 50.
Q:
What molecule is the entry point to aerobic respiration for carbohydrates, proteins and fats?
Q:
In a mitochondrion, a mutation occurs such that the protein responsible for accepting electrons from FADH2 no longer functions. How many net ATP will this mitochondrion make in aerobic respiration?
Q:
What is the ultimate fate of the carbon atoms in a glucose molecule that goes through aerobic respiration?
Q:
Discuss how photosynthesis is a natural partner for aerobic respiration.
Q:
During alcoholic fermentation, __________ is converted into ethanol.
Q:
The electron transport chain begins to function when __________ or __________ are oxidized.
Q:
Acetyl-CoA is produced when __________ is broken down.
Q:
Glucose-6-phosphate is trapped within the cell because __________.
Q:
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is an end product of anaerobic respiration in exercising muscle.
Q:
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is the end product of glycolysis.
Q:
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is an intermediate product of alcoholic fermentation but not lactate fermentation.
Q:
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is produced by fast-twitch muscle fibers.
Q:
Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions.
a. ethanol
b. pyruvate
c. lactate
d. citrate
e. acetaldehyde
This compound is utilized in alcoholic fermentation and lactate fermentation.
Q:
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
This process precedes the Krebs cycle.
Q:
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
This process involves electron transfer phosphorylation.
Q:
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
This process yields the most energy.
Q:
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
In this one-step process, the final product is lactate.
Q:
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
In this process, the net energy yield is equal to two molecules of ATP, and the final product is ethanol.
Q:
Electron transfer phosphorylation
Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized
b. produces ATP, NADH, and CO2
c. splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
d. regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate
e. uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP
Q:
The Krebs cycle
Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized
b. produces ATP, NADH, and CO2
c. splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
d. regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate
e. uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP
Q:
Acetyl-CoA formation
Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized
b. produces ATP, NADH, and CO2
c. splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
d. regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate
e. uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP
Q:
Fermentation
Select the one most appropriate choice for each.
a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized
b. produces ATP, NADH, and CO2
c. splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules
d. regenerates NAD+ as pyruvate is converted to ethanol or lactate
e. uses a membrane-bound system that sets up production of ATP