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Q:
A lipid __________ is the most common conformation of the membrane of living systems.
Q:
A denatured protein has lost its __________.
Q:
Write the empirical formula for a carbohydrate.
Q:
A __________ is a term given to a macromolecule (large molecule) made up of individual subunits.
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.
a. amino acid
b. glucose
c. glycerol
d. fatty acid
e. nucleotide
Which two units combine in various ways to form lipids?
a. a and b
b. a and c
c. b and c
d. b and d
e. c and d
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe monomers of a polypeptide chain
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of starch
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of glycogen
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of cellulose
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of RNA
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of DNA
Q:
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with the statements below.a. amino acidb. glucosec. glycerold. fatty acide. nucleotideThe basic unit of proteins
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group typical of energy carriers such as ATP
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group that distinguishes glucose from fructose
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group on the carboxyl-terminal end of proteins
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group on the amino-terminal end of proteins
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe carbonyl group of fructose
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe hydroxyl group
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe methyl group
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group that occurs repeatedly in sugars
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe group that is acidic
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe carboxyl group
Q:
The following are chemical functional groups that may be part of a biologically active molecule. Answer the questions by matching the items with the most appropriate group.a. -COOHb. -CH3c. -NH2d. -OHe. f. -PO43-g. -CHOThe amine group
Q:
Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesPhospholipids
Q:
Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesNucleotide
Q:
Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesGlucose
Q:
Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.a. a six-carbon sugarb. found in DNA and RNAc. principal components of cell membranesd. affect metabolic reaction ratesEnzymes
Q:
Which molecule is incorrectly matched with its monomer?
a. fat; fatty acid
b. starch; ribose
c. protein; amino acid
d. glycogen; glucose
e. nucleic acids; nucleotide
Q:
Nucleotides contain what kind of sugars?
a. three-carbon
b. four-carbon
c. five-carbon
d. six-carbon
e. seven-carbon
Q:
The figure above illustrates a(n)
a. FAD coenzyme.
b. cytosine nucleotide.
c. thymine nucleotide.
d. ATP molecule.
e. adenine nucleotide.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT found in every nucleotide?
a. ribose
b. a phosphate group
c. a single-ring base
d. a double-ring base
e. nitrogen
Q:
Denaturation of proteins may result in all of the following EXCEPT
a. breakage of hydrogen bonds.
b. loss of three-dimensional structure.
c. removal of R groups from amino acids.
d. alteration of enzyme activity.
e. endangerment of a cell's life.
Q:
The figure above illustrates one possible ____ structure of ____.
a. primary; proteins
b. primary; carbohydrates
c. primary; lipids
d. secondary; proteins
e. tertiary; proteins
Q:
The interaction of several polypeptide chains in a hemoglobin molecule is its ____ structure.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. combined
Q:
Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a protein?
a. disulfide
b. hydrogen
c. ionic
d. peptide
e. none of these
Q:
The sequence of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary
e. stereo
Q:
All steroids have
a. the same number of double bonds.
b. one or more fatty acids.
c. four rings of carbon to which other atoms are attached.
d. the same functional groups.
e. the same number and positions of double bonds.
Q:
Lipids
a. yield less energy per gram than do carbohydrates.
b. include cartilage and chitin.
c. include fats consisting of one fatty-acid molecule and three glycerol molecules.
d. are composed of monosaccharides.
e. are none of these.
Q:
Polyunsaturated fats
a. have fewer hydrogen atoms than do saturated fats.
b. are more characteristic of animal fats than plant fats.
c. have no double bonds.
d. are solid at room temperature.
e. are none of these.
Q:
____ are long-chain fatty acids attached to long-chain alcohols.
a. Triglycerides
b. Phospholipids
c. Sterols
d. Waxes
e. Most neutral fats
Q:
Cholesterol
a. has a rigid backbone of four carbon rings.
b. is the most common steroid in animal tissue.
c. is a lipid without a fatty-acid component.
d. is needed to produce sexual development and maturity.
e. is all of these.
Q:
Steroids
a. have no fatty-acid component.
b. consist of four rings.
c. may have different numbers, types, and positions of functional groups attached to them.
d. are a specialized type of lipid.
e. are described by all of these.
Q:
The dotted areas in the figure above indicate where ____ reactions will occur to produce ____ and ____.
a. condensation; covalent bonds; hydroxyl ions
b. electron transfer; covalent bonds; water molecules
c. condensation; covalent bonds; water molecules
d. cleavage; covalent bonds; hydrogen ions
e. condensation; ionic bonds; hydrogen ions
Q:
In the figure above, the honeycomb on which the bee is standing is made up primarily of which of the following:
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleotides
c. proteins
d. lipids
e. amino acids
Q:
Triglycerides are
a. carbohydrates.
b. nucleotides.
c. proteins.
d. neutral fats.
e. amino acids.
Q:
Which of the following does not belong?
a. phospholipids
b. polysaccharides
c. unsaturated fats
d. steroids
e. saturated fats
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true of polysaccharides?
a. composed of many linked monosaccharides
b. may be straight and unbranched or highly branched
c. most likely made of glucose molecules if they are one of the natural polysaccharides
d. may be insoluble because of their large size and structure
e. are formed by cleavage reactions
Q:
Which of the following does NOT describe some aspect of polysaccharides?
a. energy storage
b. straight or branched chain
c. glucose subunits
d. contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
e. produced by condensation reactions
Q:
Cellulose is
a. a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants.
b. a component of cell membranes.
c. an oligosaccharide.
d. formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides.
e. a component of invertebrate exoskeletons.
Q:
Glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage by
a. animals.
b. plants.
c. protistans.
d. bacteria.
e. archaea.
Q:
Sucrose is composed of
a. two molecules of fructose.
b. two molecules of glucose.
c. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose.
d. a molecule of fructose and a molecule of galactose.
e. a monosaccharide and a disaccharide.
Q:
Glucose and sugars in DNA and RNA
a. have the same number of carbon atoms.
b. have the same structural formulas.
c. are the two components of sucrose.
d. are monosaccharides.
e. are both components of RNA.
Q:
Glucose and fructose
a. form rings with the same number of carbon atoms.
b. both have two oxygen atoms as part of their ring structure.
c. are alike in that both have identical functional groups.
d. contain the same number of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups.
e. are disaccharides.
Q:
Oligosaccharides include
a. sucrose.
b. glucose.
c. fructose.
d. lactose
e. both sucrose and lactose.
Q:
Fructose and glucose are
a. isotopes.
b. monosaccharides.
c. disaccharides.
d. six-carbon sugars.
e. both monosaccharides and six-carbon sugars.
Q:
Monosaccharides may be characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. a ketone group
b. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
c. a backbone of five to six carbon atoms
d. one carbonyl group
e. the presence of glycerol and fatty acids
Q:
What kind of reaction produces large molecules by linking small molecules?
a. oxidation
b. reduction
c. condensation
d. hydrolysis
e. decarboxylation
Q:
The figure above illustrates a ____ reaction that produces two _____ and a ____.
a. condensation; hydroxyls; polymer
b. condensation; water molecules; polymer
c. cleavage; water molecules; monomer
d. rearrangement; water molecules; polymer
e. rearrangement; hydrogen ions; polymer
Q:
An -NH2 group is a(n) ____ group.a. carboxylb. hydroxylc. amined. methyle. carbonyl
Q:
An -OH group is a(n) ____ group.a. carboxylb. hydroxylc. aminod. methyle. carbonyl
Q:
A hydrolysis reaction results in
a. formation of a macromolecule.
b. bond breakage of a macromolecule.
c. lipid molecule creation.
d. nucleic acids being made.
e. most macromolecules.
Q:
Although carbon dioxide contains carbon, it is not considered an "organic" compound because
a. it is not found in the earth's crust.
b. it is not present in living cells.
c. the carbon atom is not bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.
d. the carbons are not in chains or rings.
e. it is too small.
Q:
A single atom of carbon may form up to ____ covalent bonds with other atoms.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
Q:
Typical fat molecules have ____ chain(s).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Q:
Fats are major constituents of
a. proteins.
b. genes.
c. photosynthesis.
d. cell membranes.
e. all of these.
Q:
Hydrogenation is a chemical process that
a. turns liquid oil to solid fats.
b. turns amino acids into proteins.
c. turns DNA into lipids.
d. creates stable alternative energy sources.
e. does none of these.
Q:
The atomic mass (mass number) of an atom is determined by the combined masses of its
a. neutrons and protons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. protons and electrons.
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons.
e. neutrons, nucleus, and electrons.
Q:
Which components of an atom do not have a charge?
I. electrons
II. protons
III. neutrons
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III
Q:
Which components of an atom have negative charges?
I. electrons
II. protons
III. neutrons
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III
Q:
The nucleus of an atom contains
a. neutrons and protons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. protons and electrons.
d. protons only.
e. neutrons only.
Q:
The subatomic particle(s) with a negative charge is(are)
a. the neutron.
b. the proton.
c. the electron.
d. both the neutron and proton.
e. both the proton and electron.
Q:
Isotopes of atoms
a. are electrically unbalanced.
b. behave the same chemically and physically but differ biologically from other isotopes.
c. are the same physically and biologically but differ from other isotopes chemically.
d. have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
e. are produced when atoms lose electrons.
Q:
The atomic number refers to the
a. mass of an atom.
b. number of protons in an atom.
c. number of both protons and neutrons in an atom.
d. number of neutrons in an atom.
e. number of electrons in an atom.
Q:
Which is NOT an element?
a. water
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. chlorine
e. hydrogen
Q:
Which is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element?
a. atom
b. compound
c. ion
d. molecule
e. mixture
Q:
How much mercury can the average human safely consume per day?
a. 1 microgram.
b. 3 micrograms.
c. 7 micrograms.
d. 10 micrograms.
e. 100 micrograms.
Q:
Toxic elements such as mercury are found in the human body because
a. of contamination from the environment.
b. trace amounts of these elements have vital biological functions.
c. they are needed to kill bacteria.
d. they may be ingested with food but inactivated by cells.
e. in small amounts they are biologically inactive and tolerated by cells.
Q:
The ability of a solution to resist changes in pH depends on its ______________.
Q:
An atom with more protons than electrons is called a(n) __________.
Q:
C14 is a radioactive isotope, and it turns into _____________ when it decays.