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Q:
Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms is called a __________.
Q:
Water surface tension is caused by __________ bonds.
Q:
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
a bond in which connected atoms share electrons
Q:
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond that breaks when salts dissolve in water
Q:
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond between the oxygen atoms of oxygen gas (O2)
Q:
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond type holding several molecules of water together
Q:
The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type.
a. hydrogen
b. ionic
c. covalent
d. polar covalent
e. double bond
the bond between the atoms of table salt (NaCl)
Q:
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium () have different numbers of electrons. Use the numbers below to answer the following questions.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 8
number of electrons in the third energy level
Q:
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium () have different numbers of electrons. Use the numbers below to answer the following questions.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 8
number of electrons in the second energy level
Q:
The various energy levels in an atom of magnesium () have different numbers of electrons. Use the numbers below to answer the following questions.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 8
number of electrons in the first energy level
Q:
Blood pH is kept near a value of 7.3 - 7.5 because of
a. salts.
b. buffers.
c. acids.
d. bases.
e. water.
Q:
A solution with a pH of 9 has how many times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 6?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 10
d. 100
e. 1,000
Q:
"Acidic" is an appropriate description for all EXCEPT which one of the following?
a. excess hydrogen ions
b. the contents of the stomach
c. magnesium hydroxide
d. HCl
e. a pH less than 7
Q:
A salt will dissolve in water to form
a. acids.
b. hydrogen bonds.
c. ions other than H+ and OHï€.
d. bases.
e. buffers.
Q:
Sodium chloride (KCl) in water can be described by any EXCEPT which of the following?
a. K+ and Clï€ form
b. a solute
c. ionized
d. forms hydrophobic interactions
e. dissolved
Q:
The column of water extending in tubes from plant roots to leaves is maintained by
a. cohesion among water molecules.
b. ionic bonds.
c. covalent bonds.
d. hydrophobic interactions.
e. hydrophilic interactions.
Q:
The solvent, cohesive, and temperature stabilization properties of water are due to its
a. ability to promote hydrophilic interactions.
b. ionic bonds.
c. hydrogen bonds.
d. ability to promote hydrophobic interactions.
e. nonpolar nature.
Q:
The most likely reason that glucose dissolves in water is that it is
a. an ionic compound.
b. a polysaccharide.
c. polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.
d. a very unstable molecule.
e. highly nonpolar.
Q:
Water is important to the interactions of biological molecules because it
a. promotes hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions.
b. stabilizes temperature.
c. is an excellent solvent for polar and ionic substances.
d. has strong cohesive properties.
e. does all of these.
Q:
A hydrogen bond is a(n)
a. sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen and an oxygen nucleus.
b. sharing of a pair of electrons between a hydrogen nucleus and either an oxygen or a nitrogen nucleus.
c. attractive force between a hydrogen atom and either an oxygen or a nitrogen atom that are in other molecules or within the same molecule.
d. covalent bond between two hydrogen atoms.
e. covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and either an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
Q:
The dots in the figure represent a(n)
a. covalent bond.
b. ionic bond.
c. hydrogen bond.
d. polar covalent bond.
e. hydrophobic interaction.
Q:
Which of these statements is false concerning covalent bonds?
a. Atoms share electrons.
b. Molecules may possess many covalent bonds.
c. Water contains polar covalent bonds.
d. Covalent bonds may be "double bonds."
e. In polar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally.
Q:
In ____ bonds, both atoms exert the same pull on shared electrons.
a. nonpolar covalent
b. polar covalent
c. double covalent
d. triple covalent
e. coordinate covalent
Q:
The bond in table salt (NaCl) is
a. polar.
b. ionic.
c. covalent.
d. double.
e. nonpolar.
Q:
A molecule is
a. a combination of two or more atoms.
b. a mixture of atoms.
c. electrically charged.
d. a carrier of one or more extra neutrons.
e. none of these.
Q:
Which statement is false?
a. A molecule is made of at least two atoms.
b. Compounds are made of elements.
c. Two atoms of oxygen make a molecule of oxygen.
d. Proportions of elements in compounds vary according to their source in nature.
e. Elements are found in compounds and molecules.
Q:
Carbon dioxide is an example of a(n)
a. atom.
b. ion.
c. compound.
d. mixture.
e. element.
Q:
Nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has ____ electrons in the first energy level and ____ electrons in the second energy level.
a. 1; 6
b. 2; 5
c. 3; 4
d. 4; 3
e. 5; 2
Q:
Which of the following is NOT accurate concerning ionization?
a. When one atom loses electrons, another must gain electrons.
b. When an atom loses an electron, it becomes negatively charged.
c. Ionic bonds form between ionized atoms.
d. In the compound NaCl, Na loses an electron to become positive.
e. In an ion, the number of protons and electrons is unequal.
Q:
Which statement is NOT true?
a. Electrons closest to the nucleus are at the lowest energy level.
b. No more than two electrons can occupy a single orbital.
c. Electrons are unable to move out of the assigned orbital space.
d. The innermost orbital holds two electrons.
e. At the second energy level there are four possible orbitals with a total of eight electrons.
Q:
Argon has 18 protons. How many electrons are in its third energy level?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 10
Q:
The radioactive decay of 14C produces
a. carbon 12.
b. carbon 13.
c. more carbon 14.
d. nitrogen 14.
e. oxygen 14.
Q:
Which statement concerning radioisotope 14C is false?
a. It can be substituted for 12C in glucose and the body will still be able to use the compound.
b. It has a different number of protons than 12C.
c. It has more neutrons than 12C.
d. It behaves the same chemically as 12C.
e. It has six carbons and eight neutrons.
Q:
Tracers are elements that
a. are used in minute amounts in plants.
b. can be monitored through biochemical reactions.
c. must be inert.
d. have an unbalanced electrical charge.
e. must have a stable nucleus.
Q:
Radioactive isotopes have
a. excess electrons.
b. excess protons.
c. excess neutrons.
d. insufficient neutrons.
e. insufficient protons.
Q:
In a chemical equation, the chemicals to the left of the arrow are
a. products.
b. in greater abundance.
c. at higher energy levels.
d. reactants.
e. all of these.
Q:
In the chemical shorthand 14C, the 14 represents the number of
a. excess neutrons.
b. protons plus neutrons.
c. electrons.
d. protons plus electrons.
e. radioactive particles.
Q:
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. All isotopes of an element have the same number of electrons.
b. All isotopes of an element have the same number of protons.
c. All isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons.
d. We refer to isotopes by mass number.
e. 12C and 13C are isotopes.
Q:
Which of the following is false concerning the atom in the figure?
a. The number of protons and the number of electrons are equal.
b. It has an atomic mass of 4.
c. Electrons are moving around the nucleus.
d. It has an atomic number of 2.
e. The number of electrons exceeds the number of protons.
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
most common multicellular decomposers
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
unicellular eukaryotic producers
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
based on fossils, oldest, still living organisms
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
multicellular motile consumers
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
unicellular organisms of considerable internal complexity
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
prokaryotic
Q:
Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below.
a. Bacteria
b. Protista
c. Plantae
d. Fungi
e. Animalia
multicellular producers
Q:
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
process in which one generation replaces another
Q:
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
the passage of DNA from parent to offspring
Q:
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
a characteristic most organisms exhibit that tends to buffer the effects of environmental change
Q:
Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
a. inheritance
b. reproduction
c. photosynthesis
d. growth
e. homeostasis
a process found only in plants, some bacteria and some protists
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.a. Observationb. Questionc. Hypothesisd. Predictione. Observational experimentf. Laboratory experimentg. Assessmenth. ReportPeople get cancer.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.a. Observationb. Questionc. Hypothesisd. Predictione. Observational experimentf. Laboratory experimentg. Assessmenth. ReportWhy do people get cancer?
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Smoking cigarettes causes cancer.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Compile test results and draw conclusions from them.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Establish identical groups of laboratory rats. Expose one group (the model system) to cigarette smoke and compare the incidence of new cancers (if any) with the incidence in the control group.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Submit the results and the conclusions to the scientific community.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than those who do not.
Q:
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
Conduct a survey of individuals who smoke and individuals who do not smoke. Determine which group has the highest incidence of cancers.
Q:
Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin found that ____ caused their science to be controversial.
a. prevailing belief
b. objective data
c. astronomy
d. the supernatural
e. experimental design
Q:
The validity of scientific discoveries is not based on
a. morality.
b. aesthetics.
c. philosophy.
d. economics.
e. any of these.
Q:
All of the following can strengthen a theory EXCEPT
a. repetitions of experiments.
b. increased observations.
c. time.
d. faith.
e. confirmation by many scientists.
Q:
Which of the following should NOT be used in the development of science?
a. evaluation of data
b. personal conviction
c. prediction
d. systematic observation
e. sharing ideas
Q:
Which of the following can be changed based on new evidence?
a. hypothesis
b. theory
c. prediction
d. experiment
e. all of these
Q:
Science is based on
a. faith.
b. authority.
c. evidence.
d. force.
e. facts.
Q:
What is an acceptable probability of sampling error that may have skewed the results in most scientific studies?a. 80% b. 50% c. 25%d. 10%e. 5%
Q:
Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in
a. sampling error.
b. blind testing.
c. evidence.
d. experimental design.
e. consensus.
Q:
Which of the following might be a possible follow-up experiment?
a. Repeat in a forest area totally devoid of native butterflies.
b. Repeat in a wildlife sanctuary aviary after giving birds a chance to learn about yellow H. eleuchia.
c. Repeat using young, inexperienced birds.
d. Repeat, but count survivors for three weeks.
e. Conduct all of these.
Q:
The results of the butterfly experiment
a. supported the hypothesis.
b. provided valuable quantitative data.
c. confirmed the prediction.
d. provided evidence of natural selection in action.
e. are consistent with all of these.
Q:
The data from the butterfly experiment reflected which of the following?
a. natural selection
b. food choices by predators
c. the ability of birds to find the prey
d. the role of mimicry
e. all of these
Q:
How did the control group differ from the experimental group in the butterfly experiment?
a. They were different species.
b. Their native habitat area of the forest differed.
c. They tasted worse.
d. They were white-patterned.
e. They preferred different flower species.
Q:
The variable in the butterfly experiment is
a. butterfly wing pattern color.
b. butterfly species.
c. bird predator species.
d. rainforest region used.
e. percentage of survivors.
Q:
In the experiment with Peacock butterflies, the working hypothesis is that
a. mimicry confuses both predator and prey.
b. mimicry conveys a selective advantage to the prey.
c. birds are capable of learning.
d. birds are agents of evolution.
e. unpalatable species display distinctive wings.
Q:
Olestra chips did not cause cramps at a higher rate than normal chips. That was the _________ of this experimenta. Hypothesis b. Prediction c. Controld. Conclusion
Q:
Scientists are always thinking about ways to improve experimental design. In the text's potato chip experiment, which of these might do so?
a. show a different movie
b. exclude teenagers as group members
c. collect uneaten chip remains and weigh them for both groups
d. provide free drinks
e. use a smaller theater
Q:
The choice of whether a particular organism belongs to the experimental group or the control group should be based on
a. age.
b. size.
c. chance.
d. designation by the experimenter.
e. sex.
Q:
In an experiment, the control group is
a. not subjected to experimental error.
b. exposed to experimental treatments.
c. maintained under strict laboratory conditions.
d. treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable.
e. statistically the most important part of the experiment.
Q:
As a result of experimentation,
a. more hypotheses may be developed.
b. more questions may be asked.
c. a new biological principle could emerge.
d. entire theories may be modified.
e. all of these can occur.
Q:
The control in an experiment
a. makes the experiment valid.
b. is an additional replicate for statistical purposes.
c. reduces the experimental errors.
d. minimizes experimental inaccuracy.
e. allows for comparison to the experimental group.
Q:
Which represents the highest degree of certainty?
a. hypothesis
b. deduction
c. assumption
d. theory
e. prediction
Q:
Which represents the lowest degree of certainty?
a. hypothesis
b. conclusion
c. fact
d. principle
e. theory