Q&A Hero

Q: The hormone IAA helps plants to respond to and grow toward a light source by: A) slowing growth under low light conditions. B) increasing mitosis on the side of the shoot facing light. C) elongating cells on the opposite side of the shoot facing light. D) triggering release of growth factors at the tip of the stem.

Q: A currently accepted hypothesis for gravitropism in plants is that: A) sedimentation of organelles triggers hormone release. B) microscopic eyespots trigger upward (skyward) growth. C) ground contact inhibits stem growth while air stimulates it. D) bending of leaves in response to gravity triggers growth in the opposite direction.

Q: Which of the following would be an example of an adaptation for seed dispersal? A) phototropism B) pinecones C) nectar production D) seeds wrapped in burrs E) deciduous cycles

Q: Fruit produced by angiosperms is most closely associated with which function? A) pollination B) seed dispersal C) endosperm production D) nourishing the embryo E) thigmotropism

Q: The reserve food in angiosperm seeds is stored in a special tissue called: A) nectar. B) the sporophyte. C) endosperm. D) the seed coat.

Q: Most angiosperms are pollinated with the help of: A) animals. B) wind. C) water currents. D) farming techniques. E) fungi.

Q: You are a naturalist traveling with a group of explorers in a valley of the Amazon rainforest. In a particularly wet area, you see a beautiful carpet of small plants. You notice tiny flowers on most of the plants. To which group do these plants belong? A) hornworts B) mosses C) seedless vascular plants D) gymnosperms E) angiosperms

Q: Which statement about conifers such as the spruce tree is most accurate? A) They comprise a small percentage of angiosperm species. B) They are rare, fruit-bearing gymnosperms. C) They comprise about three-fourths of all gymnosperm species. D) They are the largest seedless vascular plants. E) Male conifers produce cones while female trees produce flowers.

Q: You are a naturalist traveling with a group of explorers in the higher elevations of a jungle. You see an unfamiliar-looking, tall, tree-like plant. It is producing seeds that are attached directly to a stem, but there appears to be no evidence of flowers associated with the seeds. To which group of plants does the tree belong? A) hornworts B) angiosperms C) ferns D) gymnosperms

Q: A major difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm seeds is that: A) gymnosperm seeds are haploid. B) angiosperm seeds are haploid. C) gymnosperm seeds are larger. D) angiosperm seeds are larger. E) gymnosperm seeds are not surrounded by fruit.

Q: In general, a seed is a: A) protected plant embryo with a food supply. B) reproductive structure that requires pollen to become active. C) a large spore that grows into the gametophyte. D) plant ovary.

Q: An advantage that pollen grain evolution gave gymnosperms was: A) less energy to produce than gametes. B) airborne sperm transport over great distances. C) spores with a small food supply inside. D) eggs no longer had to swim.

Q: Pollen grains contain: A) spores. B) eggs. C) sperm. D) wings.

Q: Gymnosperms were the dominant form of plant life on land: A) around the time the dinosaurs came to dominance. B) until the discovery of fire by humans. C) before ferns evolved. D) about 20 million years ago.

Q: Which evolutionary plant innovation eliminated the need for sperm to swim through water to fertilize an egg, resulting in plants being truly adapted for reproduction on land? A) independent gametophyte B) rhizoids C) fruit D) pollen

Q: Elaborate leaves called "fronds" are found in which group of seedless vascular plants? A) green algae B) gymnosperms C) mosses D) ferns

Q: Both mosses and ferns "show their aquatic ancestry" because they: A) lack a water-repellent cuticle. B) typically require water for sperm delivery to the egg. C) have roots that must remain wet at all times. D) require water for egg laying.

Q: Which of the following weather conditions would you expect to have the greatest negative impact on the sexual reproduction of mosses and ferns? A) cool, damp, and windy conditions B) above-average temperatures for a few days C) a long dry period D) excessively wet and rainy conditions

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s). The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to the:A) radial symmetry.B) bilateral symmetry.C) asymmetry.

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s). The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:A) radial symmetry.B) bilateral symmetry.C) asymmetry.

Q: Discuss why nearly all larger animals have circulatory systems, and describe the differences between the open circulatory system and the closed circulatory system.

Q: We see a great deal of variation in reproductive strategies in the animal kingdom. Evaluate the basic strategies and trends in egg fertilization and protection in sexually reproducing animals.

Q: The animal phyla with the most diversity and greatest representation in the animal kingdom have developed tissues, organs, and body cavities. Less successful phyla have not. Evaluate and explain why this is so.

Q: What are the benefits and challenges of an exoskeleton?

Q: The features common to all chordates are: ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Q: The structure in cnidarians with both digestive and circulation functions is the ________.

Q: Sponges acquire food by ________ as water passes through.

Q: Animals that do not have a backbone are called ________.

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Oviparous

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Amnion

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Viviparous

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Hermaphrodite

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Asexual budding

Q: Match the following.A) unfertilized egg develops into an adult B) cushioning membraneC) Obelia polyps producing medusaeD) both male and female reproductive organs E) fertilized egg laid outside mother's bodyF) fertilized egg develops in the mother's body Parthenogenesis

Q: Match the following.A) medusa stageB) crustaceansC) trichinosisD) bivalvesE) collar cellsPorifera

Q: Match the following.A) medusa stageB) crustaceansC) trichinosisD) bivalvesE) collar cellsArthropoda

Q: Match the following.A) medusa stageB) crustaceansC) trichinosisD) bivalvesE) collar cellsCnidaria

Q: Match the following.A) medusa stageB) crustaceansC) trichinosisD) bivalvesE) collar cellsMollusca

Q: Match the following.A) medusa stageB) crustaceansC) trichinosisD) bivalvesE) collar cellsNematoda

Q: Blood stays within vessels in a closed circulatory system.

Q: Mammals are the only group of animals to demonstrate significant protection of their young.

Q: Copulation is necessary for all animals using internal fertilization.

Q: All chordates are vertebrates.

Q: A marine animal with tube feet and radial symmetry is certainly an echinoderm.

Q: There are more species in the insect group of phylum Arthropoda than all other animal phyla combined.

Q: There are both aquatic and terrestrial species in the phylum Mollusca.

Q: Corals exhibit the polyp body form only.

Q: Annelids demonstrate the important animal characteristic of body segmentation.

Q: Cnidarians such as jellyfish have muscle and nervous tissues.

Q: Most species of sponges live in freshwater environments, but a few species are marine.

Q: Platyhelminthes is the first phylum to possess a coelom.

Q: Asymmetry refers to arrangement of body parts evenly around a central point.

Q: Sponges were the earliest animals to evolve true tissues.

Q: There is far more animal diversity in the ocean than on land in part because animals first evolved in the ocean.

Q: Whereas all animals are multicellular, some are nevertheless microscopic.

Q: Invertebrate animals greatly outnumber vertebrates.

Q: What type of skeleton is found in annelids? A) endoskeleton B) exoskeleton C) dermal skeleton D) hydrostatic skeleton E) notochords

Q: Molting is necessary for: A) all animals. B) all animals with skeletons. C) all animals with exoskeletons. D) all animals with endoskeletons. E) only animals with endoskeletons and scaly skin.

Q: When we say an animal has an "open circulatory system," this means that: A) a small amount of blood may leak out of vessels. B) blood flows out of vessels and into spaces or sinuses. C) the animal has a single-chambered heart, so blood mixes from all areas. D) there are no vesselsblood simply fills all spaces inside the coelom. E) movement of the animal is solely responsible for moving circulatory fluid.

Q: Reptiles, birds, and some mammals share which of the following characteristics? A) are predators B) are warm-blooded C) exhibit live birth D) have light, hollow bones E) produce amniotic eggs

Q: What replaces the membranes and nutrition source of amniotic eggs in organisms that exhibit live birth without amniotic eggs? A) yolk sac B) amnion C) placenta D) allantois E) chorion

Q: Extra protective behaviors toward young may have evolved from a common ancestor in evolutionary lines leading to the: A) mammals, turtles, and snakes. B) crocodiles, dinosaurs, and birds. C) turtles, snakes, and lizards. D) amphibians, lizards, and fish. E) dinosaurs, turtles, and lizards.

Q: In addition to maintaining a wet environment necessary for survival of the embryo, what other essential characteristic does the amniotic egg possess? A) a shell that most predators cannot break B) ability to absorb nutrients from the environment C) easier fertilization D) low energy/material for the mother to produce E) ability to allow for gas exchange

Q: External fertilization of eggs in animals is: A) rarely seen except in aquatic environments. B) most common in arthropods. C) less common in cnidarians. D) absent in vertebrate species. E) most common among hermaphroditic species.

Q: A hermaphrodite is an organism that: A) generally reproduces asexually. B) does not require males for sexual reproduction. C) possesses both male and female sex organs. D) can select the sex of its offspring. E) usually stores sperm in female structures for months after copulation.

Q: A form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg can develop into an adult organism is: A) budding. B) fission. C) oviparous reproduction. D) parthenogenesis. E) hermaphrodism.

Q: Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).As part of your independent study in field biology, you are sent to the seashore to take samples. In one of your samples, you discover a flexible, sessile creature. It looks somewhat plant-like, but then you notice a polyp that is producing medusa-like animals.The type of reproduction you are observing is:A) sexual reproduction.B) asexual budding.C) parthenogenesis.D) oviparous.E) viviparous.

Q: Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).As part of your independent study in field biology, you are sent to the seashore to take samples. In one of your samples, you discover a flexible, sessile creature. It looks somewhat plant-like, but then you notice a polyp that is producing medusa-like animals.The creature is likely to be related to:A) Arthropods such as lobsters.B) Echinoderms such as sea cucumbers.C) Poriferans such as sponges.D) Chordates such as sea squirts.E) Cnidarians such as Obelia.

Q: As part of your independent study in field biology, you are sent to a small, inland sea. In one of your samples, you discover a small eel-like creature. It has a stiff, rod-shaped structure running the length of its dorsal side, with a line of nervous tissue running along with it. You would begin the process of classifying this organism by placing it in phylum: A) Vertebrata. B) Arthropoda. C) Chordata. D) Cnidaria. E) Mollusca.

Q: Which statement about the vertebrates is most accurate? A) They are the dominant phylum in the animal kingdom. B) There are more vertebrate species than flatworms or cnidarians but fewer than there are insects. C) They are the only group to have evolved aquatic, terrestrial, and flying lifestyles. D) They evolved from echinoderms. E) They evolved from molluscs.

Q: A notochord is a: A) tough yet flexible support structure. B) dorsal nerve cord. C) ventral nerve cord. D) specialized tail adapted for swimming. E) tube for circulating water through gills.

Q: At some point in their lives, all chordates have: A) jaws. B) gills. C) a brain. D) a dorsal nerve cord. E) a ventral nerve cord.

Q: Nearly all echinoderms are found in which habitat? A) lakes B) rivers C) beaches D) ocean surface E) ocean floor

Q: Which would be a fact supporting the hypothesis that echinoderms such as sea stars evolved into radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry? A) Their larvae have bilateral symmetry. B) They use their appendages in a bilateral manner. C) Their brains show the mirror image development of bilateral symmetry. D) They swim like animals with bilateral symmetry.

Q: Which group is most closely related to the echinoderms? A) Arthropods B) Molluscs C) Chordates D) Nematodes E) Annelids

Q: The term "arthropod" best translates as: A) human-like. B) outside skeleton. C) sharp jaws. D) jointed leg. E) hairy legs.

Q: Ticks and horseshoe crabs are members of subphylum: A) Urochordata. B) Chelicerata. C) Crustacea. D) Insecta. E) Uniramia.

Q: Which statement about nematodes is most accurate? A) They are mainly parasites. B) They are mainly crop pests. C) They all have straight, flattened bodies. D) They fit into numerous ecological roles including detritivores. E) They have exoskeletons made of cellulose.

Q: Which of the following parasites is a roundworm (Nematoda)? A) hookworm B) fluke C) leech D) tapeworm

Q: Snails and slugs are in which mollusc group? A) cephalopod B) bivalve C) gastropod D) arthropod E) radula