Q&A Hero

Q: Which characteristic is common to all molluscs? A) mantle B) tentacles C) radula D) brain E) open circulatory system

Q: Leeches are in the phylum: A) Nematoda. B) Mollusca. C) Annelida. D) Cnidaria. E) Platyhelminthes.

Q: A characteristic of annelids is: A) freshwater existence. B) parasitism. C) ocean-dwelling existence. D) a radula. E) body segmentation.

Q: Which of the following is a group of parasitic flatworms? A) annelids B) flukes C) nematodes D) leeches E) sea anemones

Q: Flatworms are the most primitive animal phylum to have: A) asymmetry. B) radial symmetry. C) organs. D) a circulatory system. E) muscle tissue.

Q: As a general, common feature, what characteristic do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have in common with some of the more advanced animal phyla? A) bilateral symmetry B) segmentation C) complex sensory organs D) a shell E) a coelom

Q: A characteristic that is common to cnidarians is: A) an osculum. B) a medusa stage in the life cycle. C) that they create coral reefs. D) stinging cells. E) a complete digestive tract.

Q: The typical "jellyfish" demonstrates which stage of the cnidarian life cycle? A) blastula B) polyp C) medusa D) serpentine E) sessile

Q: Cnidarians typically obtain food by: A) filter feeding. B) stinging and pulling prey to the mouth with tentacles. C) amoeboid-like engulfing of prey. D) forming cooperative arrangements with photosynthetic organisms.

Q: "Collar cells" perform what function for sponges? A) create a current to pull water through pores B) ingest food particles C) help the sponge move through water D) anchor the sponge to a base E) produce a body cavity

Q: Sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms all lack which characteristic found in most other animal groups? A) tissues B) a coelom C) symmetry D) the blastula embryo E) motility

Q: Bilateral symmetry refers to distribution of body parts: A) randomly in pairs from top to bottom. B) around a central axis. C) similarly on right and left sides. D) in pie-slice sections. E) in no particular order.

Q: Which of the following is not an advantage of a body cavity? A) It allows flexibility and safe storage of organs. B) It allows for the storage of eggs or offspring. C) It provides a safe place for an expandable digestive tract. D) It provides for movement.

Q: Which of the following animal phyla are most closely related? A) Echinodermata and Chordata B) Arthropoda and Annelida C) Porifera and Cnidaria D) Platyhelminthes and Nematoda

Q: The phylum of animals that does not show true tissues or symmetry is: A) Nematoda. B) Annelida. C) Platyhelminthes. D) Cnidaria. E) Porifera.

Q: The overwhelming majority of animals are: A) invertebrates. B) vertebrates. C) unicellular. D) mammals. E) sessile.

Q: Which of the following would be a valid characteristic of animals that may also be shared by other groups of organisms? A) Some animals have cell walls. B) All animals are multicellular. C) Some animals are sessile their entire lives. D) Some animals are photosynthetic. E) All animals are relatively large.

Q: The single characteristic that all animals have that other organisms don't is that they: A) possess the ability to change location. B) are single celled. C) possess sensory systems. D) undergo a blastula stage in development. E) are terrestrial.

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s). The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to:A) a spore.B) the fruiting body.C) hyphae.D) mycelium.

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to:A) a spore.B) the fruiting body.C) hyphae.D) mycelium.

Q: Fungi and plants have a long-term relationship in the history of life on Earth. Appraise the evidence in support of this concept.

Q: Appraise and evaluate the following statement, and cite evidence from the chapter as appropriate: Despite having a closer "outward" appearance to plants in some ways, evidence support fungi as being far more closely related to animals than plants.

Q: Discuss the ways in which fungi are both helpful and harmful to human society.

Q: The spore-releasing structure found in the zygomycetes is called a ________.

Q: You are a biologist traveling with a group of explorers who encounter an ancient tomb. You find an amazingly well-preserved mummy and notice a little fungus growing on some bandages. When you examine your samples of the fungus back at the lab, you notice the fungus has small sac-like, spore-releasing structures. Based on the information you have so far, you will start the process of classifying this organism by placing it in this category of fungus: ________.

Q: The cells released from reproductive structures such as mushrooms that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell are called ________.

Q: Each nucleus is haploid in dikaryotic cells in certain fungi. What does this mean regarding the chromosomes in each nucleus?

Q: Most fungi are ________, or fixed in one spot.

Q: Most of the "body" of a fungus consists of slender, tube-like filaments called ________.

Q: Match the following.A) most protist-like fungiB) fungi with algae partnersC) a member of this group causes Dutch elm disease D) fungi associated with plant rootsLichens

Q: Match the following.A) most protist-like fungiB) fungi with algae partnersC) a member of this group causes Dutch elm disease D) fungi associated with plant rootsMycorrhizae

Q: Match the following.A) most protist-like fungiB) fungi with algae partnersC) a member of this group causes Dutch elm disease D) fungi associated with plant rootsChytrids

Q: Match the following.A) most protist-like fungiB) fungi with algae partnersC) a member of this group causes Dutch elm disease D) fungi associated with plant rootsAscomycetes

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Zygomycetes

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Chytrids

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Yeasts

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Basidiomycetes

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Ascomycetes

Q: Match the following.A) unicellular fungiB) mobile fungiC) sporangium-producing fungiD) group in which "bread mold" is foundE) "sac fungi" group in which morel mushrooms are foundF) mushroom-producing "club fungi"Zygomycetes

Q: Yeasts are all members of the chytrids.

Q: The cell walls of fungi contain chitin.

Q: A mycelium is characteristic of yeasts.

Q: Nearly all fungi reproduce using mushrooms as their reproductive structure.

Q: Spores are reproductive cells of a fungus.

Q: Dikaryotic cells of a fungus contain diploid nuclei.

Q: Some fungi are photosynthetic.

Q: Some antibiotics are important products of fungi.

Q: Fungi obtain food exclusively by decomposing dead organisms.

Q: Although some fungi are multicellular, most are unicellular.

Q: Ecologically speaking, most soil fungi are to plant roots as: A) viruses are to animals. B) smut fungi are to corn. C) mosquitoes are to mammals. D) intestinal bacteria are to humans.

Q: Mycorrhizae are a: A) parasitic association between algae and fungi. B) parasitic association between animals and fungi. C) mutualistic association between plant roots and a fungus. D) mutualistic association between algae and plant roots.

Q: Lichens are: A) a mutualistic association of algae or photosynthetic bacteria and fungi. B) algae-like fungi. C) fungi that grow on the roots of plants. D) fungi adapted for life in rocky soil.

Q: An organism that obtains its nutrition from dead organic matter is a: A) parasite. B) saprophyte. C) neophyte. D) phytoplankton.

Q: As part of your independent study of pond water samples, you notice one of the flagellated organisms latch on to a pollen grain and eventually release spores. You initially thought you were looking at a group exclusively made of protists, but upon further observation, you realize the organism you have been observing is classified with the fungi. In which group would you place this organism? A) basidiomycetes B) ascomycetes C) zygomycetes D) chytrids

Q: The fungal group with the largest number of known species is: A) zygomycetes. B) ascomycetes. C) basidiomycetes. D) chytrids.

Q: The two most closely related groups of fungi are the: A) zygomycetes and chytrids. B) basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. C) basidiomycetes and zygomycetes. D) ascomycetes and zygomycetes.

Q: In which group are smuts and rusts found? A) basidiomycetes B) ascomycetes C) zygomycetes D) chytrids

Q: A fungus is examined microscopically and found to have a "lollypop-shaped" sporangium. This fungus must belong to: A) chytrids. B) basidiomycetes. C) zygomycetes. D) ascomycetes.

Q: Fungi that reproduce by "budding" are: A) prokaryotic. B) yeasts. C) autotrophic. D) made of hyphae to form a reproductive mycelium.

Q: Conspicuous shelf-like or saddle-like structures on the surface of a tree that indicate a fungus is growing within the tree are for: A) showy display to attract a mate. B) defense from predators. C) reproduction and spore dispersal. D) pollination.

Q: A more or less circular ring of mushrooms appears in your yard, apparently overnight. The circle is several yards in diameter. The most likely explanation for this circle of mushrooms is that: A) the mushrooms are all part of the same organism, with mycelia radiating out from the location of a germinated spore. B) a circle is nature's most perfect shape for asexual reproduction structures. C) one mushroom in the circle reproduced sexually to make all the other mushrooms in the circle. D) the fungus produces a toxin in the center to prevent too many mushrooms from being produced.

Q: The cell walls of fungi contain: A) chitin. B) cellulose. C) phospholipids. D) DNA.

Q: When club fungi reproduce sexually, which of the following occurs? A) Two spores merge into a seed that produces hyphae. B) Two mushroom caps from different fungi exchange genes. C) Sperm and egg cells fuse. D) Nuclei from two different fungi fuse.

Q: A major reason why fungi can grow and sprout mushrooms so quickly is that: A) mushrooms are essentially fluid-filled bags and almost entirely water. B) porous connections between cells allow rapid movement of materials toward the growing tips of hyphae. C) fungi cells divide more like bacteria than eukaryotic cells. D) fungal spores contain large food reserves.

Q: A feature unique to some fungi is: A) a lack of chlorophyll. B) cells with three haploid nuclei. C) dikaryotic cells. D) diploid cells.

Q: Which of the following is a fungal skin disease? A) dry rot B) ringworm C) Dutch elm disease D) skin rust

Q: Bacteria and fungi are important decomposers. However, which decomposition function is almost entirely the work of fungi? A) decomposition of bacterial mass B) digestion of metallic materials in landfills C) large-animal decomposition D) final breakdown of woody material

Q: An important role of fungi in human society is that fungi are the source of: A) the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. B) immune-system-suppressing drugs important for organ transplants. C) nutrition for farm animals. D) bio-fuels.

Q: Which statement about fungi and plant disease is most accurate? A) Far more plant diseases are caused by fungi than bacteria. B) About equal numbers of plant diseases are caused by fungi and bacteria. C) Viruses cause more plant diseases than fungi. D) Fungi rarely cause diseases.

Q: What is the best explanation of why we have identified only a small fraction of fungi species? A) Most fungi species are unicellular and microscopic. B) Fungi species lack chlorophyll and are transparent. C) Fungi species have extremely short life spans and are seldom found alive. D) Most fungi species grow underground and in inaccessible places.

Q: Fungi obtain food by: A) engulfing food through phagocytosis and then digesting it within fungal cells. B) producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria. C) photosynthesis. D) absorbing predigested material.

Q: Yeast are an example of: A) photosynthetic fungi. B) unicellular fungi. C) fungi-like bacteria. D) fungi with no cell walls.

Q: All fungi are: A) unicellular. B) multicellular. C) autotrophic. D) heterotrophic.

Q: Where are the food materials digested by fungi located? A) within their cells B) within food vacuoles C) externally D) within their mitochondria

Q: For fungi that produce mushrooms, the majority of the organism is located: A) above ground. B) in fruiting bodies. C) in spores. D) underground.

Q: Fungi are more closely related to: A) plants. B) photosynthetic protists. C) animals. D) archaea.

Q: A branching web of hyphae is a: A) spore. B) mycelium. C) root. D) leaf.

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).The missing label indicated by a "2" corresponds to the:A) receptor.B) capsid.C) RNA.D) envelope.

Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the following question(s).The missing label indicated by a "1" corresponds to the:A) receptor.B) capsid.C) RNA.D) envelope.

Q: Protists are arguably the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdoms. Defend that statement using examples to support your ideas.