Q&A Hero

Q: Defend the position that bacteria are both beneficial and detrimental to humans.

Q: Scientists mostly agree that viruses are not technically living things. Defend this position based on what you know about what viruses are and how they work.

Q: Some protists have locomotor extensions called ________ and ________.

Q: Photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms, such as some bacteria and protists, are known as ________.

Q: Methanogens are in the ________ category of extremophile.

Q: Overuse of antibiotics has likely produced MRSA. MRSA stands for ________.

Q: Virus-like entities called viroids lack a ________ and are simply strands of infectious RNA.

Q: Match the following.A) bubonic plagueB) "social amoeba"C) a Type-A influenza D) ciliated protistE) truly multicellular algaeParamecium

Q: Match the following.A) bubonic plagueB) "social amoeba"C) a Type-A influenza D) ciliated protistE) truly multicellular algaeVolvox

Q: Match the following.A) bubonic plagueB) "social amoeba"C) a Type-A influenza D) ciliated protistE) truly multicellular algaeDictyostelium discoideum

Q: Match the following.A) bubonic plagueB) "social amoeba"C) a Type-A influenza D) ciliated protistE) truly multicellular algaeThe bacterium Yersinia pestis

Q: Match the following.A) bubonic plagueB) "social amoeba"C) a Type-A influenza D) ciliated protistE) truly multicellular algaeH1N1 virus

Q: Match the following.A) thermophileB) anaerobeC) halophile D) pseudopodE) heterotrophLives without oxygen

Q: Match the following.A) thermophileB) anaerobeC) halophile D) pseudopodE) heterotroph"False foot"

Q: Match the following.A) thermophileB) anaerobeC) halophile D) pseudopodE) heterotrophThrives in hot environments

Q: Match the following.A) thermophileB) anaerobeC) halophile D) pseudopodE) heterotrophThrives in salty environments

Q: Match the following.A) thermophileB) anaerobeC) halophile D) pseudopodE) heterotroph"Other-eater"

Q: Match the following.A) rod-shaped bacteriaB) structure found in many viruses, often "borrowed" from the host cellC) round-shaped bacteriaD) organelle not found in both bacteria and eukaryotesE) type of organelle found in both bacteria and eukaryotesBacillus

Q: Match the following.A) rod-shaped bacteriaB) structure found in many viruses, often "borrowed" from the host cellC) round-shaped bacteriaD) organelle not found in both bacteria and eukaryotesE) type of organelle found in both bacteria and eukaryotesFatty membrane called an envelope

Q: Match the following.A) rod-shaped bacteriaB) structure found in many viruses, often "borrowed" from the host cellC) round-shaped bacteriaD) organelle not found in both bacteria and eukaryotesE) type of organelle found in both bacteria and eukaryotesCoccus

Q: Match the following.A) rod-shaped bacteriaB) structure found in many viruses, often "borrowed" from the host cellC) round-shaped bacteriaD) organelle not found in both bacteria and eukaryotesE) type of organelle found in both bacteria and eukaryotesRibosome

Q: Match the following.A) rod-shaped bacteriaB) structure found in many viruses, often "borrowed" from the host cellC) round-shaped bacteriaD) organelle not found in both bacteria and eukaryotesE) type of organelle found in both bacteria and eukaryotesNucleus

Q: Paramecium is a heterotrophic protist that moves using cilia.

Q: A long, whip-like tail found in a protist is called a flagellum.

Q: Most protists are unicellular.

Q: Malaria is caused by a bacterium.

Q: Nearly half the antibiotics used in the United States go into animal feed as growth stimulants.

Q: Most bacteria present in the human intestines are pathogenic.

Q: When bacteria undergo binary fission, they produce identical daughter cells.

Q: Bacteria store their DNA within a spherical nucleus.

Q: Rod-shaped bacteria are called spirochetes.

Q: Spherical bacteria are called cocci.

Q: Some bacteria can obtain their nutrition by photosynthesis.

Q: The simplest eukaryotes are the bacteria.

Q: Bacteria are considered to be a type of protist.

Q: When a virus takes over the machinery of a cell, it forces the cell to manufacture more viral particles.

Q: Scientists do not consider viruses to be alive because viruses cannot metabolize outside a host cell.

Q: The core of some viruses is carbohydrate in nature.

Q: Microscopic algae and bacteria produce over half of the oxygen in the atmosphere.

Q: Bacteria are the smallest living things known.

Q: Organisms called plasmodial slime molds move by which process? A) beating of cilia B) cytoplasmic streaming C) contractile cytoskeleton movements D) growth in the direction of sunlight

Q: Entamoeba histolytica is a/an: A) photosynthetic protist. B) protist that moves using flagella. C) parasitic protist responsible for dysentery. D) aggregating protist that can form a "slug-like" organism.

Q: Cilia are: A) the cytoplasmic extensions or false feet that some cell types use for locomotion. B) different kinds of cells, each designed to perform a different function. C) the circular chromosomes of bacteria. D) many short, hair-like cellular extensions that beat to produce movement.

Q: Amoeba and phytoplankton differ in that phytoplankton can: A) perform photosynthesis. B) eat krill. C) move with pseudopodia. D) live on land.

Q: Volvox and Paramecium share which characteristic? A) photosynthetic ability B) movement C) true multicellularity D) anaerobic respiration

Q: Which organisms form the basic foundation of the food chain in the ocean? A) shrimp B) krill C) phytoplankton D) jellyfish

Q: Cells such as those of golden algae that form stable associations but do not take on specialized roles are described as: A) incomplete unicellular. B) selective multicellularity. C) true multicellularity. D) colonial multicellularity.

Q: Chlamydomonas "mating types" differ in what way? A) chloroplasts B) flagella structure C) interlocking male and female parts D) membrane phospholipids

Q: A protist such as Chlamydomonas may switch to sexual reproduction when: A) there are numerous predators. B) there is little nutrition. C) a 90-day cycle is completed. D) hormones from nearby members of the species are detected.

Q: What is the benefit of sexual reproduction in protists? A) greater variation among offspring B) fast increase in numbers C) availability of more environments D) ease of finding a mate

Q: Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan that: A) can switch between plant and animal lifestyles. B) is closely related to fungi. C) causes malaria. D) causes intestinal distress.

Q: An example of a protist intestinal parasite would be: A) Clostridium botulinum. B) Yersinia pestis. C) Chlamydomonas. D) Giardia.

Q: Which statement best describes our current understanding of protist evolution? A) Protists evolved from the Archaea while other eukaryotes did not. B) Protists evolved from multicellular eukaryotes. C) Protists evolved from separate branches off the early eukaryotic line. D) Protists evolved from eukaryotic parasites.

Q: In what type of environment would you be most likely to find anaerobes? A) high temperature B) high acidity C) high salt content D) no oxygen

Q: Which of the following areas/conditions would be favored by thermophiles? A) anaerobic conditions B) deep-sea volcanic vents C) the arctic tundra D) the stomachs of herbivores

Q: Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).As part of your field biology independent study, you visit a small lake with an extremely high salt concentration. Searching with nets and other sampling devices, you find no fish, plants, algae, or any visible signs of life in the lake. Still, you decide to take a few samples of the water back to the lab. You find the sample teeming with very small cells, hundreds of times smaller than a typical human cell. These cells have cell walls, which you analyze chemically and find they are not made of peptidoglycan or cellulose.Based upon the chemical experiments you performed, how would you classify these life-forms?A) protistsB) fungiC) bacteriaD) archaea

Q: Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).As part of your field biology independent study, you visit a small lake with an extremely high salt concentration. Searching with nets and other sampling devices, you find no fish, plants, algae, or any visible signs of life in the lake. Still, you decide to take a few samples of the water back to the lab. You find the sample teeming with very small cells, hundreds of times smaller than a typical human cell. These cells have cell walls, which you analyze chemically and find they are not made of peptidoglycan or cellulose.Based upon the environment in which you found these life-forms, how would you categorize them?A) thermophilesB) halophilesC) anaerobesD) methanogens

Q: Which of the following is true of Domain Archaea compared to other groups? A) They are the only anaerobes on Earth. B) Their cell wall and membrane biochemistry is unique. C) Most of their genes are similar to those found in bacteria. D) None of their genes work like those found in eukaryotes.

Q: The antibiotic penicillin inhibits the ability of bacteria to: A) make cell walls. B) synthesize protein. C) copy DNA. D) undergo respiration.

Q: In general, most antibiotics work by: A) exploiting differences between human and bacterial cells. B) preventing bacteria from entering human cells. C) preventing viruses from entering human cells. D) boosting the human immune system.

Q: If antibiotics seem effective against a human illness, then this illness is probably caused by a/an: A) protist. B) autoimmune disease. C) virus. D) bacterium.

Q: The botulism bacterium can kill a person by: A) killing muscle cells. B) secreting a toxin that paralyzes muscles. C) causing brain hemorrhages. D) producing lethally high fevers.

Q: A bacterium that is pathogenic: A) is flexible regarding use of metabolic pathways. B) has genes similar to viruses. C) is a disease-causing organism. D) benefits from living inside humans and produces nutrients for us.

Q: Bacteria that benefit from living in or on us while we are unaffected by the relationship are termed: A) commensal. B) pathogenic. C) mutualistic. D) probiotic.

Q: Which of the following would support the hypothesis that bacteria have mutually beneficial relationships with us? A) Bacteria derive benefit from waste materials in our intestines. B) Mice that were made "germ free" did not absorb and metabolize nutrients as well. C) Bacteria can metabolize food using alternate pathways. D) Most intestinal bacteria cannot live outside the body.

Q: Which statement about the relationship between bacteria and the human body is most accurate? A) Although many tissues are kept bacteria-free, around 100 trillion bacteria live on or in us. B) About one-tenth of our body weights are due to bacteria C) Bacteria are found in the mouth, stomach, and intestines in about equal amounts. D) Most bacteria are transient; that is, they come for brief periods and then are gone.

Q: Which of the following would support the statement that bacteria represent the most fundamentally diverse group on Earth? A) Bacteria exist in varieties with and without cell walls. B) Bacteria accomplish all characteristics of life as small, single cells. C) Bacteria are metabolically diverse regarding oxygen and food requirements. D) Bacteria come in several different shapes.

Q: A major difference between bacteria and eukaryotes is that bacteria have: A) a rod-shaped nucleus. B) no membrane-bound organelles. C) faster mitosis as their method of sexual reproduction. D) no ribosomes.

Q: The human immunodeficiency virus targets: A) lymph nodes. B) all white blood cells. C) helper T cells. D) bone marrow cells.

Q: Which phrase most accurately describes the genome of most viruses? A) surprisingly complex, with tens of thousands of genes B) surprisingly complex, with around 1 million genes C) the same as most bacteria, with hundreds of genes D) relatively simple, with around a dozen genes or fewer

Q: The life cycle of viruses involves: A) production of new virus particles on the outside of a cell. B) reproducing on the surface of a cell. C) filling the host cell with viral particles. D) attaching viral DNA to the surface of a cell.

Q: The process by which viruses can exchange genetic sequences to come up with a "new" virus such as H1N1 is: A) recombination. B) reassortment. C) independent assortment. D) conjugation.

Q: Which of the following is the best description of a virus? A) A virus is the smallest living thing. B) A virus is a life-form that can reproduce inside cells or independently. C) A virus is a tiny spore-producing cell. D) A virus is a noncellular, replicating entity.

Q: The viral capsid is: A) a fatty membrane surrounding the virus. B) the genetic material at the core. C) a protein coat around the genetic material. D) the viral offspring that rupture the cell and escape.

Q: The material in the core of HIV (AIDS virus) is: A) protein. B) xarbohydrate. C) DNA. D) RNA.

Q: The main decomposers on Earth are the: A) viruses and protists. B) plants and animals. C) bacteria and fungi. D) plants and fungi.

Q: Which organisms accomplish most of the work of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable to green plants? A) bacteria and archaea B) viruses C) protists D) fungi

Q: The hominid group of primates has existed on Earth for approximately 67 million years.

Q: There are currently at least 2 dozen species who are candidates for membership in the Hominini (human-like primate) group.

Q: Homo erectus was able to migrate great distances from Africa. A good hypothesis for why he was able to do so is that he possessed: A) a larger brain than Homo sapiens. B) lower metabolic requirements than ancestors. C) the ability to walk much like modern humans. D) tools more advanced than those used by Neanderthals.