Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Biology & Life Science
Q:
Match the following.A) first primates, whales, and early humans B) first birds and flowering plantsC) first reptiles and gymnospermsD) first significant oxygen in the atmosphereE) modern humans; extinction of large mammals Quaternary
Q:
Match the following.A) first primates, whales, and early humans B) first birds and flowering plantsC) first reptiles and gymnospermsD) first significant oxygen in the atmosphereE) modern humans; extinction of large mammals Tertiary
Q:
Match the following.A) first primates, whales, and early humans B) first birds and flowering plantsC) first reptiles and gymnospermsD) first significant oxygen in the atmosphereE) modern humans; extinction of large mammals Jurassic
Q:
Match the following.A) first primates, whales, and early humans B) first birds and flowering plantsC) first reptiles and gymnospermsD) first significant oxygen in the atmosphereE) modern humans; extinction of large mammals Carboniferous
Q:
Match the following.A) first primates, whales, and early humans B) first birds and flowering plantsC) first reptiles and gymnospermsD) first significant oxygen in the atmosphereE) modern humans; extinction of large mammals Precambrian
Q:
Lobe-finned fish gave rise to tetrapods that successfully moved onto land.
Q:
Both gymnosperms and angiosperms may be pollinated by animals.
Q:
Vascular tissue is important for both efficient water distribution and taller growth in plants.
Q:
The Cambrian explosion followed extinction of the dinosaurs.
Q:
Photosynthesis was first performed by bacteria about 3.4 billion years ago.
Q:
Some of the more advanced organisms in Domains Bacteria and Archaea have a nucleus.
Q:
Laboratory experiments suggest that many of the kinds of organic molecules needed to form the first forms of life could have been made nonbiologically in Earth's early history.
Q:
The metabolism-first model suggests that a self-replicating RNA molecule was responsible for driving the evolution of the first forms of life.
Q:
The earliest evidence of life on Earth dates to about 3.8 billion years ago.
Q:
Which group of animals is the most recent to evolve?
A) invertebrates
B) amphibians
C) reptiles
D) mammals
Q:
An important characteristic common to most primates is:
A) large, front-facing eyes.
B) short or absent tails.
C) grassland habitats.
D) the use of tools.
Q:
Mammals arose as a dominant life-form after which event?
A) the start of the Quaternary period
B) the Cretaceous extinction
C) the Devonian extinction
D) the Cambrian explosion
Q:
Which of the following would support a hypothesis that insects preceded amphibians on land and were flourishing when the first amphibians evolved?
A) Amphibians and insects both have lungs in their terrestrial stage.
B) Amphibians and insects have many adaptations in common.
C) Amphibians and insects share a recent common ancestor.
D) Many amphibians are insectivores in their terrestrial stage.
Q:
The first vertebrates to develop jaws were the:
A) fish.
B) amphibians.
C) mammals.
D) reptiles.
Q:
The amniotic egg first appeared in which group of animals?
A) amphibians
B) reptiles
C) birds
D) mammals
Q:
Primates first appear in the fossil record in the:
A) Mesozoic era.
B) Cambrian period.
C) Paleozoic era.
D) Cenozoic era.
Q:
The gnathostomes were the first vertebrates to:
A) develop gills.
B) possess jaws.
C) develop scales.
D) develop feathers.
Q:
The amniotic egg was important in the colonization of the land because it:
A) was deposited in water.
B) could hold multiple embryos.
C) had a hard shell and membranes to prevent drying out.
D) was easy to produce.
Q:
Modern birds are probably direct descendants of:
A) marsupials.
B) iguanas.
C) dinosaurs.
D) crocodiles.
Q:
Which aquatic vertebrates are thought to be the ancestors of the amphibians?
A) skates and rays
B) tadpoles
C) lobe-finned fish
D) sharks
Q:
Early mammals differed from reptiles in many respects, including:
A) the number of legs used for walking.
B) feeding their young milk.
C) eating other organisms for food.
D) internal versus external fertilization.
Q:
Which group of vertebrates possessed an anatomical feature that made evolution of the limbs of all tetrapods possible?
A) reptiles
B) sharks
C) amphibians
D) lobe-finned fish
Q:
An adaptation of arthropods that made them well adapted for life on land was an exoskeleton that can:
A) provide camouflage.
B) prevent water loss.
C) overcome the effects of gravity.
D) protect against predators.
Q:
Which of the following is assumed to be more primitive than a dinosaur and more complex than a shark?
A) segmented worm
B) crayfish
C) starfish
D) frog
Q:
Some of the earliest animals to successfully adapt to life on land were the:
A) trilobites.
B) arthropods.
C) amphibians.
D) aquatic vertebrates.
Q:
Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the history of life on Earth?
A) aquatic organisms, photosynthesis, RNA world, land organisms
B) prokaryotes, eukaryotes, land animals, land plants
C) Cambrian explosion, multicellular organisms, photosynthesis, eukaryotes
D) prokaryotes, photosynthesis, eukaryotes, land organisms
Q:
During the Silurian, the oxygen gas concentration in the atmosphere is postulated to have reached an amount equivalent to more than 10 percent of its present-day concentration. Thus, nearly all lethal ultraviolet radiation was unable to reach the Earth's surface, making dry land available for newly evolved forms. Which of the following major events in the evolution of animals and plants probably occurred at this time?
A) The amphibians developed watertight skins and eggs.
B) The crayfish become the first land organisms.
C) The first major groups of seed plants appeared.
D) Primitive bryophytes and fern-like plants appeared.
Q:
One advantage of angiosperms over gymnosperms is that angiosperms have evolved:
A) more efficient means of pollination.
B) more water-resistant leaves.
C) stronger vascular tissue.
D) better protection from plant pathogens such as fungi.
Q:
An advantage allowing the seed plant to greatly surpass the seedless vascular plants in colonizing the land was the evolution of:
A) large leaves with great surface area.
B) fibrous root systems.
C) air-dispersed sperm in pollen grains.
D) durable, water-resistant spores.
Q:
Which of the following is an adaptation that helped plants move from aquatic environments to the land?
A) seeds
B) a cuticle
C) pollen
D) swimming sperm
Q:
An example of a "seedless vascular plant" is a:
A) club moss.
B) pine tree.
C) gymnosperm.
D) green alga.
Q:
Some of the earliest true land plants lacked roots or a vascular system. The implication of this would be that they:
A) lived mostly underground.
B) lived in protected areas such as caves.
C) had high mortality.
D) could not grow tall.
Q:
Because there would not have been any significant soil before significant establishment of life-forms on land, the earliest eukaryotic life-forms on land most likely were:
A) animals.
B) fungi.
C) plantfungi combinations.
D) plantanimal combinations.
Q:
Which of the following is the most likely candidate for the first eukaryotic life-forms to move onto land?
A) amphibians in shallow water
B) algae in shallow water
C) fungi
D) trilobites
Q:
The evolution of land organisms was not possible until enough ________ had been made by the early forms of aquatic life.
A) oxygen gas
B) carbon dioxide
C) ammonia
D) organic food
Q:
The Cambrian explosion of life is most notable for the:
A) appearance of multicellular animals, including nearly all phyla of the animal kingdom.
B) movement of life from the oceans to the land masses, including all kingdoms.
C) appearance of stromatolites.
D) appearance of the first photosynthetic organisms.
Q:
The evolution of which of the following biochemical processes changed the physical and chemical nature of Earth in such a way that most life-forms had to adapt radically or become extinct?
A) aerobic respiration
B) DNA replication
C) anaerobic respiration
D) photosynthesis
Q:
Of the following groups, which have been in existence the longest?
A) multicellular animals
B) cyanobacteria
C) gastropods
D) green algae
Q:
An organelle that probably evolved from an independent organism that moved inside and began to live within a eukaryotic cell is the:
A) mitochondrion.
B) nucleus.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) endoplasmic reticulum.
Q:
A eukaryotic cell organelle is found to have its own DNA and to make some of its own ribosomes. It also can make some protein without the help of DNA in the cell's nucleus. Propose an explanation for the origin of this organelle.
A) intracellular evolution from latent bacterial DNA
B) symbiotic merger of two bacteria cells; one becoming the nucleus, the other becoming the organelle
C) symbiotic merger of bacteria into a eukaryotic cell with the bacterial cell becoming the organelle
D) viral transmission of DNA from a bacterium to a eukaryotic cell
Q:
A major event in the Precambrian era responsible for dramatically increasing organic material on Earth was:
A) evolution of mitochondria.
B) evolution of photosynthesis.
C) deposition of carbon in rocks.
D) leaching of sulfur into the oceans.
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes the history of life on Earth?
A) The Earth was lifeless far longer than it had living things.
B) The Earth had multicellular life-forms for most of its history.
C) The Earth had single-celled life-forms for most of its history.
D) The Earth had photosynthetic organisms about 100 million years after it formed.
Q:
Before the development of photosynthesis and as ancient cells became crowded, there was probably a major competition for:
A) enzymes.
B) water.
C) organic molecules.
D) oxygen gas.
Q:
Organisms from which kingdom or domain were the first photosynthesizers?
A) Protista
B) Plantae
C) Bacteria
D) Archaea
Q:
A major difference between cells of organisms in Domain Eukarya and the cells of those in Domains Bacteria and Archaea is that:
A) Domain Eukarya organisms can only live in acid environments.
B) Domain Bacteria and Archaea cells can only live in acid environments.
C) Domain Bacteria and Archaea cells have a nucleus and Domain Eukarya cells do not.
D) cells of Domain Eukarya have a nucleus and Domains Bacteria and Archaea do not.
Q:
You discover a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus, and you also notice that the culture is producing methane. In which group would you place this organism?
A) Domain Bacteria
B) Domain Archaea
C) Domain Eukarya
D) Kingdom Protista
Q:
To be a successful cell evolutionarily, the earliest cells had to:
A) reproduce.
B) consume oxygen.
C) photosynthesize.
D) have mitochondria.
Q:
Which of these gases was absent in the early Earth atmosphere at the time life first appeared?
A) nitrogen
B) water vapor
C) carbon dioxide
D) oxygen
Q:
What argument do scientists who support the metabolism-first model use to dispute the replicator-first model?
A) The replicator nucleic acid molecule would be too large and complex.
B) DNA cannot replicate without the help of proteins.
C) RNA can only be used to make proteins, not other nucleic acids.
D) Replicators cannot exist without metabolism.
Q:
Experiments with enzymes made of RNA support which origin-of-life model?
A) Miller model
B) replicator-first model
C) metabolism-first model
D) DNA world model
Q:
What is the significance of finding evidence that zirconium/uranium rocks formed in water 4.2 million years ago?
A) Zirconium can be used for dating old rock samples.
B) The Earth coalesced from gas earlier than originally thought.
C) The Earth cooled earlier than originally thought.
D) Radiation played a role in the origin of life.
Q:
During which of these eras were dinosaurs dominant?
A) Paleozoic
B) Precambrian
C) Mesozoic
D) Cenozoic
Q:
Some rock strata associated with coal seams in Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania can be shown to have the same mixture of pollen grain types. This suggests that these rocks are/were:A) the same age.B) equally radioactive.C) deposited from a common source material.D) the same type of rock.
Q:
Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).You are the managing naturalist for a natural history museum that has just received a batch of fossils from one of the field paleontologists sponsored by the museum. The note in the box states the fossils all came from the same rock layer. The museum is organized according to geologic timescale, and its management needs you to tell them to which department (based on era) and period specialist (an individual with experience with life-forms of a particular geologic-timescale period) the fossils should go. You find fossils of fish and seed-bearing plants but no reptiles or higher animals and no flowering plants.To which period specialist should you forward the fossils?A) DevonianB) CarboniferousC) PermianD) Triassic
Q:
Refer to the scenario below, and then answer the following question(s).You are the managing naturalist for a natural history museum that has just received a batch of fossils from one of the field paleontologists sponsored by the museum. The note in the box states the fossils all came from the same rock layer. The museum is organized according to geologic timescale, and its management needs you to tell them to which department (based on era) and period specialist (an individual with experience with life-forms of a particular geologic-timescale period) the fossils should go. You find fossils of fish and seed-bearing plants but no reptiles or higher animals and no flowering plants.To which era do these fossils belong?A) PrecambrianB) PaleozoicC) MesozoicD) Cenozoic
Q:
The end of the ________ era was marked by a transition into an explosion of life-forms rather than an extinction event.
A) Precambrian
B) Mesozoic
C) Paleozoic
D) Jurassic
Q:
Sections of the geologic timescale are defined by:
A) how close the rocks are to the surface of the earth.
B) whether the rocks are metamorphic or sedimentary.
C) the age of the rocks.
D) the kinds of fossils present.
Q:
If a 10-mile-wide comet hit Earth, how would this likely affect the history of life?
A) A mass extinction would occur, followed by lots of evolutionary change among descendants of the survivors.
B) A slow climate warming and drying would begin, decreasing the biological diversity on Earth.
C) Continental drift would be reversed, and all the continents would slowly be pushed together again.
D) Most species would become extinct, and the rest would remain more or less unchanged.
Q:
The greatest extinction event of all time occurred at the end of the:
A) Permian period.
B) Mesozoic era.
C) Cretaceous period.
D) Cambrian period.
Q:
Which large animals were wiped out by the Cretaceous extinction?
A) sharks
B) dinosaurs
C) whales
D) mammoths
Q:
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. Which of the following pairs are most closely related?A) crocodiles and dinosaursB) turtles and snakesC) mammals and birdsD) dinosaurs and birds
Q:
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.Migration of the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii separated an original population as they moved either west or east of the Central Valley of California. Eastern and western species then evolved. The Central Valley is an example of a/an:A) temporal isolating mechanism.B) mechanical isolating mechanism.C) extrinsic isolating mechanism.D) intrinsic isolating mechanism.
Q:
In the early nineteenth century, the French scientist Georges Cuvier provided conclusive evidence of the extinction of species on Earth. Although Cuvier correctly asserted that a series of catastrophes led to these extinctions, he could not provide a testable explanation of the source of the new animals and plants that appeared after the extinction of older forms. How would you argue that modern evolutionary theory provides an explanation for the proliferation of new forms of life after mass extinctions?
Q:
Temporal and behavioral isolation are examples of premating isolating mechanisms. Mechanical isolation, gametic isolation, and hybrid inviability are examples of postmating isolating mechanisms. Premating isolating mechanisms are considered much more important in keeping closely related species genetically separate than are postmating isolating mechanisms. Do you agree? Why or why not?
Q:
Describe the difference between homologous and analogous structures in organisms, and give an example of each.
Q:
The taxonomic science that stresses the presence of shared derived characters in related organisms is called ________.
Q:
The wings of a bird and the wings of a butterfly are the result of ________ evolution.
Q:
Structures present in two different species that both have been inherited from a common ancestor are said to exhibit ________.
Q:
Structural features that serve the same function in completely unrelated organisms are said to be ________ structures.
Q:
The practice of giving a two-part scientific name to every distinct organism is called ________.
Q:
The development of hundreds of new species of fruit flies in Hawaii from a single ancestor is a good example of ________.
Q:
Any speciation that does not involve geographic isolation is a type of ________ speciation.
Q:
When an insect arrives on an island and evolves into a new species that is different from its ancestor on the mainland, the two species are kept apart by ________ isolation.
Q:
Two species of birds that are kept from interbreeding by the differences in their mating songs are experiencing ________ isolation.
Q:
A natural population of organisms that can produce fertile offspring belong to the same ________.