Q&A Hero

Biology & Life Science

Q: A secretory protein that exits from the ER within a vesicle will head directly to the: A) nucleus. B) cytosol. C) mitochondria. D) Golgi complex. E) plasma membrane.
Q: Proteins destined to be secreted by the cell are produced: A) by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. B) in the cytosol. C) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) by the Golgi complex. E) by free ribosomes.
Q: The outer lining of a cell is the: A) cytosol. B) plasma membrane. C) cytoskeleton. D) nucleus.
Q: Which of the following describes the difference between the cytoplasm and the cytosol? A) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell. B) The cytoplasm is the region inside the plasma membrane that includes the nucleus, whereas the cytosol is the fluid medium inside the cell. C) The cytoplasm is the fluid medium inside the cell, whereas the cytosol is the region outside the nucleus. D) The cytoplasm is the region only outside the nucleus, and the cytosol is the region only inside the nucleus.
Q: You isolate a cell with the following characteristics: (1) no nucleus, (2) only a single type of organelle, and (3) 2 μm in size. This cell could be a/an: A) bacterium. B) plant cell. C) animal cell. D) bacterial cell or a plant cell. E) plant cell or an animal cell.
Q: Which of the following expresses an accurate difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A) Eukaryotes have a nucleus, but prokaryotes do not. B) Prokaryotes have organelles, but eukaryotes do not. C) Prokaryotes can be multicellular, but eukaryotes cannot. D) Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotes.
Q: Prokaryotic cells include: A) bacteria and animal cells. B) bacteria and plant cells. C) bacteria and archaea. D) archaea and fungi.
Q: Prokaryotic cells lack: A) DNA. B) proteins. C) internal compartmentalization. D) ribosomes.
Q: Cells contain organized structures that perform a specific function. These are known as: A) organs. B) organelles. C) cytoplasm. D) prokaryotes. E) tissues.
Q: ________ are the fundamental units of life. A) Organelles B) Tissues C) Cells D) Organisms
Q: Label the parts of the plant cell.
Q: Label the parts of the animal cell.
Q: Which structures are in a plant cell and not in an animal cell? Which organelle would you find in an animal cell but not a plant cell?
Q: A man was under treatment for infertility. Examination of his sperm showed that his sperm could not swim. He also suffered from chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems in which mucus with trapped particles was not being cleared from his lungs. From this you might infer he has a genetic defect affecting which structures inside his cells?
Q: Name and describe three organelles that are common to animal and plant cells.
Q: Compare and contrast cilia and flagella.
Q: Nerve cells have long thin extensions of their cell membrane called axons. The cell has to get mitochondria from the body of the cell all the way down to the end of the axon to provide energy for nerve signal transmission. What structure in a nerve cell would be involved in moving the mitochondria, and how would it work?
Q: You are camping and decide you will sample some wild berries. You soon start to feel ill and realize these berries have a toxic substance in them. On your way to the hospital, explain to your friends which organelles, in which organ of your body, are detoxifying the toxin.
Q: Which organelles would not be considered part of the endomembrane system? Explain your answer.
Q: Name three organelles involved in the synthesis of proteins in a cell, and describe the role each organelle plays in the process.
Q: List the sequence of organelles a protein would pass through as it moves through the endomembrane system to the exterior of the cell.
Q: Viruses reproduce as do cells, but viruses are not considered living things. Explain why this is the case.
Q: Most of the volume of a mature plant cell is taken up by the ________.
Q: Actin forms cytoskeletal fibers called ________.
Q: Harmful substances are detoxified within the cell by the ________.
Q: mRNA carries a code from the ________ to make a particular polypeptide.
Q: The organelles of a eukaryotic cell are suspended in its ________.
Q: The compartment that holds most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is the ________.
Q: Match the following.A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi complexD) ribosomesE) mitochondriaThe site of lipid synthesis
Q: Match the following.A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi complexD) ribosomesE) mitochondriaThe "power plants" of the cell
Q: Match the following.A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi complexD) ribosomesE) mitochondriaA network of membranes studded with ribosomes
Q: Match the following.A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi complexD) ribosomesE) mitochondriaServes as the site of protein synthesis
Q: Match the following.A) smooth endoplasmic reticulumB) rough endoplasmic reticulumC) Golgi complexD) ribosomesE) mitochondriaModifies, stores, and ships proteins
Q: Tiny holes that are channels between animal cells are called gap junctions.
Q: Gap junctions are found in plant cells.
Q: Plasmodesmata allow plant cells to communicate with each other.
Q: Without photosynthesis, most animal life on the Earth could not survive.
Q: Ribosomes are found only in plant cells.
Q: The central vacuole is used for nutrient storage and photosynthesis in plant cells.
Q: Animal cells are surrounded by a cell wall.
Q: Animal cells contain centrioles and chloroplasts.
Q: The cytoskeleton is an internal scaffolding used for cellular movement.
Q: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site where lipid synthesis occurs in an animal cell.
Q: Lysosomes are responsible for producing ATP from the metabolism of food.
Q: Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes are called lysosomes.
Q: Proteins can be modified in either the rough endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi complex.
Q: The typical animal cell is 25 micrometers in diameter.
Q: It is estimated that there are more bacteria in your mouth than the number of people who have ever lived.
Q: Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
Q: Every form of life is either a single cell or is composed of cells.
Q: Plasmodesmata permit cell-to-cell communication in plants. Similar structures found in animals are: A) lysosomes. B) mitochondria. C) cell walls. D) vacuoles. E) gap junctions.
Q: Which of the following would be found as part of a plant cell but not an animal cell? A) gap junction B) ribosomes C) chloroplasts D) cytoskeleton
Q: Plasmodesmata and gap junctions are similar in that they: A) provide structural support to cells. B) are both involved in protein synthesis. C) form a protective lining around cells. D) allow cells to communicate with each other.
Q: Which organelles are believed to have originated from free-standing bacteria ingested by ancient eukaryotic cells? A) mitochondria and Golgi complex B) lysosomes and ribosomes C) chloroplasts and ribosomes D) chloroplasts and lysosomes E) mitochondria and chloroplasts
Q: An important by-product of photosynthesis is: A) glucose. B) oxygen. C) protein. D) starch. E) water.
Q: The large central vacuole of plants: A) may make up as much as 90 percent of the internal volume of the cell. B) replaces the nucleus. C) allows the plant to produce its own food. D) produces proteins.
Q: Cell walls can be found as part of: A) animal cells, fungi, and protists. B) plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and protists. C) protists and animal cells. D) bacterial cells. E) plant cells.
Q: Which of the following would you find in a plant cell but not an animal cell? A) lysosome B) microtubule C) a central vacuole D) mitochondrion
Q: You owe your life to chloroplasts. The reason for this is that: A) chloroplasts supply all the ATP needed by living organisms. B) when we eat plants, it is the chloroplasts that are the nutritious part of plant cells. C) chloroplasts produce all the water and carbon dioxide essential for life. D) chloroplasts produce the oxygen we breathe and ultimately are the source of most nutrients we consume. E) like the ancestors of mitochondria, the ancestors of chloroplasts were once bacteria taken up by a eukaryotic cell.
Q: Which of the following are associated with energy transfer in eukaryotic cells? A) chloroplasts and mitochondria B) mitochondria and rough ER C) mitochondria and smooth ER D) chloroplasts and the cell wall E) lysosomes and Golgi complex
Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.Explain why you will always find an amino group at one end of a polypeptide chain and a carboxyl group at the other end.
Q: Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. Phospholipids can be made to mix with water if mixed vigorously enough. Predict what kind of structure would be produced based on the chemical characteristics of phospholipids if they are mixed vigorously with water. If water exists outside a cell and water exists inside a cell, propose a way that phospholipids can be used to create a cell membrane.
Q: Explain the relationship between DNA and proteins.
Q: Mutations are changes to the information in DNA. What would happen to an enzyme's ability to function if a mutation changed the order of some of the amino acids in its polypeptide chain?
Q: Explain how a protein ends up with its final shape.
Q: Describe the structure of phospholipids, and state where they are found in cells.
Q: You go the store to buy some lard for cooking. You notice when you get home that the lard is solid at room temperature. What does this tell you about the fat in lard, and how does this explain it being solid at room temperature? What type of fat would not be solid at room temperature, and why?
Q: Why are proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids considered polymers, but lipids are not?
Q: Name the four most important groups of biological molecules necessary for life. List one polymer and one monomer of each.
Q: Ribosomes are made up of protein and ________.
Q: You have a genetic defect that prevents your cells from making the amino acid tryptophan from indole and serine. Your cells might be lacking the proper information in their ________, which would direct the synthesis of the ________ that catalyzes tryptophan synthesis.
Q: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy-carrying, modified ________.
Q: If you boil an egg for lunch, the egg white becomes hard, white, and opaque because the protein molecules have unfolded, causing them to stick together. This is an example of how heat ________ a protein.
Q: The active site of an enzyme is a product of its ________.
Q: Polypeptides differ in their ________ and ________ of amino acids.
Q: Keratin is an example of a ________ protein.
Q: A series of amino acids linked in linear fashion is called a ________.
Q: The precursor from which steroid hormones are made is ________.
Q: ________ is a branch of chemistry that studies carbon compounds.
Q: Match the following.A) DNAB) lipoproteinsC) glycoproteinsD) polysaccharideE) structural proteinsThe primary information-bearing molecule of life
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