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Q:
________ orbit around the nucleus of an atom.
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondExplains the attraction of water molecules for each other
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondResults from electrons being transferred from one atom to another
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondAre involved in chemical reactions
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondResults from an equal sharing of electrons
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondResults from an unequal sharing of shared electrons
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondElectrons
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondNeutrons
Q:
Match the following.A) positive chargeB) outer electronsC) ionic bondD) no electric chargeE) hydrogen bondF) nonpolar covalent bondG) negative chargeH) polar covalent bondProtons
Q:
Acids release hydrogen ions into aqueous solutions.
Q:
Ionic bonds occur through a sharing of electrons.
Q:
Chemical reactions involve only the outermost electrons of an atom.
Q:
The electrons of an atom contribute significantly to the mass of an atom.
Q:
Atoms are electrically neutral.
Q:
Isotopes differ from each other in the number of protons that they possess.
Q:
The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom gives it a unique chemical nature.
Q:
An element can't be broken down into another form of pure matter.
Q:
Anything that occupies space and has mass is energy.
Q:
Neutrons are negatively charged.
Q:
An atom always contains the same number of protons as neutrons.
Q:
Buffering systems work to maintain pH within normal limits by:
A) adding hydrogen ions when conditions becomes too acidic.
B) adding hydroxide ions when conditions become too basic.
C) removing hydrogen ions when conditions become too acidic and adding hydrogen ions when conditions become too basic.
D) adding hydrogen ions when conditions become too acidic and removing hydrogen ions when conditions become too basic.
Q:
As an acid mixes in water:
A) the number of hydroxide ions will increase.
B) the number of hydrogen ions will increase.
C) the pH remains at 7.
D) it becomes buffered.
Q:
The high specific heat and surface tension of water are a result of:
A) ionic bonds.
B) covalent bonds within the water molecules.
C) the size of water molecules.
D) hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
E) covalent bonds between water molecules.
Q:
You shake up a bottle of vinegar and oil dressing to mix it each time you use it. The reason you need to do this is that:
A) oil is hydrophobic and won't dissolve in vinegar, so the oil and vinegar separate upon standing.
B) vinegar and oil are oppositely charged, and opposites attract.
C) fat molecules are too large to dissolve in water.
D) vinegar has an acidic pH and is neutralized when mixed with oil.
Q:
You mix sugar in water and stir until it's completely dissolved. In this system, the water is the ________, the sugar is the ________, and the end result is a ________.
A) solute; solution; solvent
B) solute; solvent; solution
C) solvent; solution; solute
D) solution; solvent; solute
E) solvent; solute; solution
Q:
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be ________ by water.
A) repelled
B) absorbed
C) mixed
D) attracted
Q:
When sodium chloride dissolves in water, the sodium and chloride ions are pulled into solution by:
A) ionic bonds that form between the ions and the water molecules.
B) the attraction of the sodium ions to the negatively charged oxygen, and the attraction of the chloride ions to the two positively charged hydrogens of the water molecules.
C) the attraction of the sodium ions to the positively charged oxygen, and the attraction of the chloride ions to the two negatively charged hydrogens of the water molecules.
D) covalent bonds that form between the ions and the water molecules.
Q:
Molecules of water stick to each other because:
A) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen atom of another molecule.
B) water molecules are nonpolar, and nonpolar molecules stick together.
C) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and a hydrogen atom of another molecule.
D) covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atom of one molecule and the oxygen atom of another molecule.
Q:
In what ways are hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds similar?
A) Both are based on attraction between atoms that carry differences in electrical charge.
B) Both involve an even sharing of electrons between atoms.
C) Both are based on attraction between two atoms where each carries a positive charge.
D) Both are based on repulsion between atoms that carry differences in electrical charge.
E) Both are based on attraction between two atoms where each carries a negative charge.
Q:
In hydrogen bonding, hydrogen nearly always pairs with:
A) another hydrogen.
B) carbon.
C) oxygen or nitrogen.
D) sodium or chlorine.
Q:
In a bottle of water, hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of one atom and a/an:
A) hydrogen atom in the same molecule.
B) oxygen atom in a different molecule.
C) oxygen atom in the same water molecule.
D) hydrogen atom in a different molecule.
Q:
Hydrogen bonds are very important in the functional shape of:
A) proteins.
B) sugars.
C) fats.
D) nucleic acids.
E) proteins and nucleic acids.
Q:
Sodium chloride (NaCl) crystals (table salt) form as a result of:
A) covalent bonding.
B) hydrogen bonding.
C) being chemically stable.
D) the attraction of oppositely charged particles for each other.
Q:
An atom becomes an ion when:
A) it gains or loses neutrons.
B) it forms a covalent bond.
C) it gains or loses electrons.
D) hydrogen ions are shared.
E) it gains or loses protons.
Q:
Potassium has one electron in its fourth shell, and chlorine has seven electrons in its third shell. Which of the following is most likely to be true?
A) Chlorine will give an electron to potassium to form an ionic bond.
B) Potassium will give an electron to chlorine to form an ionic bond.
C) The two atoms will share the electron unequally in a polar covalent bond.
D) The two atoms will share an electron equally in a nonpolar covalent bond.
Q:
The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed as a result of:
A) sodium and chlorine sharing electrons.
B) both sodium and chlorine losing electrons.
C) sodium gaining an electron from chlorine.
D) sodium giving up an electron to chlorine.
E) sodium giving up a proton to chlorine.
Q:
What is the difference between an ionic and covalent bond?
A) In an ionic bond, one atom accepts electrons from the other; in a covalent bond, a pair of atoms share electrons.
B) In an ionic bond, one atom has more electronegativity than the other; in a covalent bond, the atoms have the same electronegativity.
C) Ionic bonding involves the inner electron shells; covalent bonding involves the valence electron shell.
D) Ionic bonds form between atoms of different elements; covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element.
Q:
Water is a polar molecule because:
A) oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
B) hydrogen has more neutrons than oxygen.
C) oxygen has more electrons than hydrogen.
D) oxygen has more neutrons than hydrogen.
E) hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen.
Q:
Which of the following would form the fewest covalent bonds?
A) neon (eight electrons in the second shell)
B) carbon (four electrons in the second shell)
C) hydrogen (one electron in the first shell)
D) oxygen (six electrons in the second shell)
Q:
Oxygen has six electrons in its second outer shell, and hydrogen has one. With how many hydrogen atoms will oxygen form covalent bonds?
A) eight
B) one
C) two
D) six
E) three
Q:
Two hydrogen atoms (atomic number 1) form a covalent bond. Which of the following is true?
A) Both hydrogen atoms now have two electrons in their outer shell.
B) Both hydrogen atoms now have two protons in their outer shell.
C) One hydrogen atom now has zero protons in its outer shell, and the other has two.
D) One hydrogen atom now has zero electrons in its outer shell, and the other has two.
E) Each hydrogen atom still has one electron in its outer shell.
Q:
Atoms form bonds to:
A) fill their outer shells with neutrons.
B) obtain an equal number of protons and electrons.
C) fill their outer shells with electrons.
D) fill their outer shells with protons.
E) obtain an equal number of protons and neutrons.
Q:
Which of the following is true of chemical bonds?
A) Atoms can achieve a higher energy state and less stability by forming bonds.
B) Electrons are always shared.
C) Electrons can be shared or completely transferred.
D) Chemical bonds cannot occur between two identical atoms.
Q:
The number of atoms coming out of a chemical reaction must equal the number of atoms going into a chemical reaction. This follows the principle of:
A) the law of conservation of energy.
B) chemical bonding.
C) atomic theory.
D) the law of conservation of mass.
Q:
Nonpolar molecules develop when:
A) shared electrons are not shared equally.
B) both atoms have similar electronegativity.
C) one atom is much more electronegative than the other.
D) electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another.
Q:
The naturally occurring helium atom is chemically inert because:
A) its outermost shell is filled with electrons.
B) its nucleus is filled with two neutrons.
C) it has the most protons that it could ever carry.
D) it has all of the shared electrons it could ever have.
Q:
An atom will react with other atoms only until:
A) it has completely filled its outermost energy level.
B) it has less stability.
C) all of its inner orbitals have been filled.
D) it forms four covalent bonds
Q:
A polar covalent bond results when:
A) two atoms share electrons equally.
B) two atoms of the same element are sharing electrons.
C) one of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom.
D) two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative.
Q:
As the difference in the electronegativity between atoms forming a chemical bond increases, the:
A) less polar the molecule.
B) more polar the molecule.
C) more stable the molecule.
D) more symmetrical the molecule.
Q:
For an atom to be considered an ion:
A) protons can outnumber neutrons.
B) protons can outnumber electrons.
C) neutrons can outnumber protons.
D) protons equal electrons.
Q:
Which of the following results from the making of a bond?
A) Atoms become more reactive.
B) Molecules are broken down.
C) Electrons are destroyed.
D) Atoms become more stable.
Q:
Atoms with eight electrons in their outer shells tend to:
A) form covalent bonds.
B) form ionic bonds.
C) be chemically reactive.
D) be stable and unreactive.
Q:
You have a substance and begin a set of experiments in which you break it down into other substances through chemical reactions. After a few successive reactions, you discover a set of products that can't be broken down further, no matter what type of chemical reaction you attempt. These substances are:
A) protons.
B) elements.
C) neutrons.
D) electrons.
E) isotopes.
Q:
What is it about carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 that makes them all carbon?
A) They all have the number of protons plus neutrons that is characteristic of carbon.
B) They all have the number of protons that is characteristic of carbon.
C) They all have the number of neutrons that is characteristic of carbon.
D) They all are radioactive.
E) They all are elements.
Q:
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17, and argon has an atomic number of 18. From this information alone, you can predict that:
A) argon has more neutrons than chlorine.
B) argon is more chemically reactive than chlorine.
C) argon will more readily ionize than chlorine.
D) chlorine is more chemically reactive than argon.
E) chlorine has more neutrons than argon.
Q:
An element with 22 protons, 22 neutrons, and 22 electrons would have an atomic number of:
A) 44.
B) 22.
C) 66.
D) 11.
Q:
Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons
Q:
From its atomic number of 10, you can predict that a neon atom:
A) is not chemically reactive.
B) has an unfilled outer shell.
C) has 10 neutrons.
D) can easily gain or lose electrons.
Q:
All the atoms of the same element will have the same:
A) number of protons.
B) number of neutrons.
C) number of protons and neutrons.
D) mass.
Q:
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their:
A) number of electrons.
B) number of neutrons.
C) number of protons.
D) ionic charge.
Q:
An atom whose atomic number is 10 has how many electrons in its outermost energy level?
A) eight
B) ten
C) two
D) three
E) five
Q:
If a neutral atom has an atomic number of 10, then we know that it has:
A) 10 neutrons.
B) 10 protons.
C) 10 electrons.
D) 10 protons and 10 electrons.
E) 10 protons, 10 electrons, and 10 neutrons.
Q:
All the mass of an atom is considered to be in the:
A) protons only.
B) protons and neutrons.
C) electrons only.
D) protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Q:
A measure of the quantity of matter in an object is known as:
A) atoms.
B) density.
C) mass.
D) energy.
Q:
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.Which level of organization is the most inclusive? Which is the least inclusive?
Q:
Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows.What was the purpose in breaking off the dust trap or tilting the flask in Pasteur's experiment?
Q:
Evaluate the statement "Nothing in biology makes sense unless it is studied in the light of evolution."
Q:
Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis, and give an example of each.
Q:
You are a part of the first scientific team to land on Mars. What steps would you take to determine whether there is any life there? If you found something, how would you know whether it is a living thing?
Q:
What is the purpose of the "control" in a controlled experiment?
Q:
The European corn borer is an insect whose larvae eat corn crops, thus reducing the yield of the crops. Scientists have genetically modified corn in the hopes of making it more resistant to infestation by the European corn borer. Design an experiment to test whether the genetically modified variety is more resistant to infestation than an unmodified variety. State your hypothesis, and identify your experimental group and your control.
Q:
Using what you have learned in this chapter, explain how you would decide whether multivitamins are beneficial to dogs.
Q:
What is meant by the statement "science is measurement"?
Q:
Discuss why it is important that the public be knowledgeable about science.
Q:
Name three ways that science and technology enrich your life today.
Q:
Match the following.A) populationB) cellC) biosphereD) moleculeE) ecosystemMembers of the same species living in the same area
Q:
Match the following.A) populationB) cellC) biosphereD) moleculeE) ecosystemThe first level of organization that we can say is alive
Q:
Match the following.A) populationB) cellC) biosphereD) moleculeE) ecosystemThe building blocks of organelles
Q:
Match the following.A) populationB) cellC) biosphereD) moleculeE) ecosystemCommunities interacting with non-living elements
Q:
Match the following.A) populationB) cellC) biosphereD) moleculeE) ecosystem All of the ecosystems of the Earth