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Q:
Petroleum, a relatively cheap nonrenewable energy source, is:
A. in abundant supply but is not environmentally clean.
B. being increasingly depleted and is expected to run out in another 50 years, but in the meantime, improved retrieval techniques are being developed.
C. clean, cheap, and available, but most of the reserves are located in countries whose leadership is critical of the industrialized world.
D. expected to run out in another 10 years and needs to be replaced with renewable energy sources quickly.
Q:
World Bank studies have shown that underdevelopment is often due to:
A. factors such as parasites and viruses that are a part of tropical climates and expand unchecked because of the lack of winter temperatures.
B. mental slowness in people of the climates around the equator.
C. socialist political regimes.
D. lack of government investment in education.
Q:
Climate influences:
A. intelligence and energy levels, per the North-South divide.
B. what people can do, physically and economically.
C. levels of emotional well-being.
D. adjustment and motivation.
Q:
Densely populated areas coincide with:
A. rivers, lakes, and seacoasts.
B. inland waterways.
C. rich mineral reserves and rare earth deposits.
D. low levels of environmental awareness.
Q:
In more dense populations, international managers can expect:
A. increased political discord.
B. markets that respond well to word-of-mouth promotion.
C. contrasting topographical features.
D. lower marketing and distribution costs.
Q:
A good example of the relationship between water supply and population concentration is:
A. eastern Europe
B. China
C. Australia
D. Japan
Q:
One example of the effect of topography is:
A. isolated language groups, which require special marketing adjustments.
B. regional metals markets.
C. a unified China.
D. equal distribution of populations.
Q:
Nations whose mountains divide them into smaller regional areas include:
A. the United States, Mexico, and Canada.
B. Switzerland, Afghanistan, China, and Colombia.
C. Luxembourg, France, and Romania.
D. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
Q:
Topography, including mountains, deserts, plains, and bodies of water, greatly influences:
A. political relationships.
B. the physical distribution of products and services.
C. the local approach to education and health services.
D. local attitudes toward industrially developed economies.
Q:
Geographical proximity contributes to:
A. knowledge of the country by its neighbors.
B. lower freight costs.
C. the likelihood of trade relationships.
D. all of the above.
Q:
Swiss exports are concentrated, high-density products that minimize the need for importing bulky materials because:
A. mountain ranges increase transport costs into and out of Switzerland and limit local resources.
B. the Swiss love of chocolate and watches influenced the export patterns.
C. high-density exports encounter lower tariffs.
D. B and C.
Q:
With factor conditions, Porter's diamond model distinguishes between basic factors, those a country inherits, and
A. imported factors, those it brings in from abroad.
B. demand conditions, the aggregate demand in the economy.
C. climate conditions, the basic influence on business options in the specific location.
D. advanced factors, those a country can mold: labor and infrastructure.
Q:
Physical barriers that have led to the development of separate languages in the same country are known as:
A. political and cultural patterns.
B. topographical barriers.
C. linguistic tariffs.
D. differentiating borders.
Q:
Chouinard, the founder of Patagonia, observed that:
A. triple-bottom-line accounting is the way to build sustainability.
B. compassion is the first step in sustainability.
C. our approach to fossil fuel consumption is clearly unsustainable.
D. no business can be done on a dead planet.
Q:
Patagonia recognizes that doing business following the traditional approach, focusing on quarterly earnings, is not complete because this does not focus on:
A. the negative impact of the business.
B. the cost of environmental sustainability.
C. consumer needs for green merchandise.
D. triple-bottom-line (3BL) accounting.
Q:
Interface, the producer of Flor carpeting, has a solid record in sustainable business practice and:
A. makes impressive contributions to sustainable development in developing economies.
B. is committed to triple-bottom-line accounting.
C. spins its products from petroleum.
D. sources its raw materials from recycled plastic bottles.
Q:
Stakeholder theory pushes managers to be clear about how they want to do business, so it encourages:
A. recognition of and transparency with values and underlying principles.
B. discussion of profit center margins.
C. strategy development from the top down.
D. B and C.
Q:
The stakeholder model requires businesses to think about:
A. the stakeholders' interest in profitability.
B. the network of tensions caused by competing demands.
C. strategy in light of sustainability.
D. the frequency of social issues faced by the stakeholders.
Q:
The relationships among ecological, social, and economic systems in sustainable environments need to be:
A. discreet.
B. renewable.
C. positive.
D. interdependent.
Q:
Sustainable business practices have three characteristics: limits, interdependence, and equity.
Q:
Environmentally sustainable businesses need to consider the economic and ecological systems in which they function, but not the social.
Q:
Environmental sustainability is about maintaining the environment, and it is both local and global.
Q:
Interface, the manufacturer of Flor, is an example of a petroleum-based business that has developed a sustainable model.
Q:
Triple-bottom-line accounting is an example of sustainability with economic, social, and environmental accountability.
Q:
Stakeholder theory suggests that balancing competing tensions in a business is impossible and that recognizing this early in the process is helpful.
Q:
Coal and nuclear power are both in decline as energy sources.
Q:
Compassion has nothing to do with sustainable business. Business is business.
Q:
The stakeholder model for environmentally sustainable business has failed because we don't have an accounting system to measure the present costs of environmental irresponsibility.
Q:
Limits, interdependence, and equity are characteristics of sustainable business practices.
Q:
Sustainable approaches in business usually involve trade-offs such as lower profits compensated by reduced marketing costs and improved image/reputation.
Q:
Biomass is a category of renewable energy fuels based on their heavy weight.
Q:
Because it is a high polluter, coal is on the decline as an energy source.
Q:
Nuclear power is a leading contributor to the French energy grid.
Q:
The largest portion of proven oil reserves can be categorized as being at the highest level of investment risk.
Q:
Saudi Arabia and Canada have the largest proven oil reserves.
Q:
Heavy oil is oil weighted down with an extra carbon molecule, and it can be gasified using the Fischer-Tropsch process.
Q:
China and India combined are using more marketed energy than is the United States, and this trend is projected to increase.
Q:
Through 2035, fossil fuels are expected to remain the world's dominant energy source.
Q:
Nonrenewable energy sources include coal, fossil fuels, and ocean thermal energy conversion.
Q:
Climate differences explain differences in human and economic development because the less temperate climates limit mental powers.
Q:
Bodies of water, much like deserts and mountains, also serve as barriers to trade.
Q:
Every coast between 20 and 30 degrees of the equator (north or south) is dry.
Q:
Switzerland, China, and Colombia are nations that present topographic challenges to marketers because their markets are divided by mountain ranges.
Q:
Mountain barriers found in the area of the Pakistan-Afghanistan border impede travel and separate populations.
Q:
Mountains tend to impede trade, whereas flat areas tend to facilitate trade relationships.
Q:
Geographical proximity is rarely a major reason for trade.
Q:
Because Austria sided with the West in the Cold War, it became a favored location for offices of international firms servicing eastern European operations.
Q:
With globally networked transportation, location does not matter as a basic factor condition.
Q:
Porter suggests that adverse conditions can motivate innovation, which may lead to the development of a competitive advantage.
Q:
Porter's diamond model suggests that Switzerland should not be competitively successful.
Q:
Porter's diamond can be used to explain the importance of the environment and natural resources.
Q:
Switzerland exports cheese and chocolate because one of its factor endowments is lots of rich agricultural land.
Q:
How does the notion of sustainable business compare to Milton Friedman's assertion that the focus of business should be only on the bottom line?
Q:
Why do nations care about having outlets to the ocean? Are landlocked nations at a disadvantage?
Q:
Explain the concept of sustainability as applied to business, using examples.
Q:
Why do international managers need to know anything about a nation's topographic features?
Q:
Select a country and show a relationship between its physical forces and its economy.
Q:
Sustainable business models:
A. incorporate a more socialist political approach to the marketplace.
B. have as a goal to ensure that the marketplace exists for future generations.
C. regard environmentalism as more important than profit.
D. A and C.
Q:
Europe follows the precautionary principle approach to environmental health and safety. This means:
A. everyone takes precautions and is always on the watch for environmental issues.
B. once a product is thought to be harmful, it is investigated immediately.
C. manufacturers of new products need to prove the product is safe.
D. consumers regularly review product safety regulations.
Q:
Why are rare earths a concern in industrialized economies?
A. Although they are relatively common, they do not occur in concentrated form often.
B. They are very rare.
C. They are used in the smelting process.
D. They are not a concern, except for political reasons.
Q:
Which country controls the export market of rare earths?
A. Brazil
B. Russia
C. the United States
D. China
Q:
Rare earths are a group of elements used in:
A. jewelry.
B. technology applications.
C. farming.
D. solar applications.
Q:
Porter in his diamond model distinguishes two types of factor conditions:
A. positive and negative factors.
B. contributing and disaggregating factors.
C. advanced and basic factors.
D. foreign and domestic factors.
Q:
Deserts and tropical forests seem opposites, but they have this trait in common:
A. they are good vacation spots, and thus an economic stimulator.
B. they have small populations on their edges.
C. they separate markets, increasing transportation costs.
D. they are hospitable to insects.
Q:
China's vast and mountainous terrain leads to:
A. many languages and dialects.
B. political unity, as in Switzerland.
C. economic disparities.
D. population disparities.
Q:
This group of resources, which includes chrome and manganese, is used in many technology applications, and the United States imports many of these resources 100 percent:
A. rare earths.
B. nonfuel minerals.
C. rare minerals.
D. mineral gems.
Q:
According to the text, the fastest-growing renewable energy source is:
A. solar PV.
B. nuclear power.
C. wind power.
D. biomass.
Q:
Wind power is sourced:
A. on land only.
B. on land and sea.
C. where altitudes permit.
D. in the Swiss Alps.
Q:
This is the cleanest of the nonrenewable fuel sources, and it has become a substitute for oil as oil prices increase:
A. natural gas.
B. diesel.
C. nuclear.
D. kerosene.
Q:
This is the only industrialized country that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol, a UN convention on climate change:
A. China.
B. France.
C. Russia.
D. the United States.
Q:
Although it pollutes heavily, this energy source is on the rise everywhere, especially in China:
A. natural gas.
B. coal.
C. nuclear.
D. diesel.
Q:
Instead of declining, this nonrenewable energy source, because of its lack of pollution and the rising price of oil, has seen significant growth:
A. wind power.
B. nuclear power.
C. geothermal power.
D. petroleum.
Q:
This government commercialized the German Fischer-Tropsch process in order to obtain oil from coal through a catalyzed chemical reaction:
A. Israel.
B. the Sudan.
C. South Africa.
D. Germany.
Q:
The largest portion of the world's proven oil reserves is located in:
A. low-risk areas.
B. high-risk areas.
C. climate-challenging areas.
D. developed nations' oil fields.
Q:
This material, when heated to 500C, will yield 25 liters or more per ton of input:
A. shale.
B. biomass.
C. natural gas.
D. light petroleum.
Q:
Unconventional sources of petroleum such as oil sands and shale are often grouped together and referred to as:
A. nonrenewable hopes.
B. new sources.
C. peak sources.
D. heavy oil.
Q:
The International Energy Agency 2010 report observes that an energy revolution underway may well lead to:
A. a 27 percent drop in oil usage.
B. North America becoming the center of alternative energy research.
C. Africa and the Middle East increasingly relying on fossil fuels.
D. Europe relying increasingly on nuclear.
Q:
The marketed energy use has been dominated since 1980 by:
A. renewable energy sources.
B. nuclear energy and coal.
C. nonrenewable energy sources.
D. solar and wind power.
Q:
Natural resources are:
A. anything that is alive in the natural world.
B. anything provided by nature on which people depend.
C. any raw material that becomes a component in a manufactured good.
D. anything that is used for food or fuel.
Q:
Studies conducted by the World Bank indicate that tropical climates allow for:
A. the unimpeded reproduction and growth of weeds, viruses, birds, insects, and parasites.
B. lack of the need to provide heat and shelter that is present in northern climates.
C. unparalleled trade.
D. cultivation of citrus and four crops per year.