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Q:
_____ are numbers or words arrayed in rows and columns.
A. Drawings
B. Gantt charts
C. Dot charts
D. Tables
E. Figures
Q:
Which of the following visuals can be used to show schedules for projects?
A. Bar chart
B. Pie chart
C. Gantt chart
D. Line graph
E. Dot chart
Q:
A bar chart can be used to:
A. focus on specific numbers related to seven companies.
B. show a company's growth in net sales over time.
C. identify the contribution of each division to a company's total revenue.
D. show the item in use.
E. show timelines for proposals or projects.
Q:
When you want the audience to compare a segment to another segment of the whole, use a:
A. pie chart.
B. table.
C. drawing.
D. bar chart.
E. line graph.
Q:
When you want the audience to be able to identify exact values, use a:
A. pie chart.
B. table.
C. line graph.
D. bar chart.
E. dot chart.
Q:
Five companies contributed different amounts to a local charity. Which of the following visuals could best illustrate the percentage of each company's contribution of the total amount?
A. A table
B. A bar chart
C. A line graph
D. A pie chart
E. A dot chart
Q:
Which of the following is a good practice when telling stories through visuals?
A. Simplify the data on a selected topic and convert numbers to easy-to-understand units.
B. Present all of the data collected, discuss what is relevant, and allow the audience to interpret the rest on their own.
C. Combine the data from several important stories into one visual.
D. Tell all of the stories that a data set allows in order not to waste any information.
E. Focus on all the stories and topics related to the primary topic of research.
Q:
Jordan, the sales manager of a local car rental service, wants to write a report describing the decrease in the number of customer complaints. He is trying to decide between using a bar chart or a line graph to supplement his discussion in the report. Which of the guidelines for visual design is he following?
A. Use color and decoration with restraint.
B. Follow the conventions for designing typical visuals.
C. Choose the right visual for the story.
D. Check the quality of the data.
E. Be accurate and ethical.
Q:
Elena, a proofreader, is checking if any information is missing from key locations or demographic areas before creating a visual for an annual report. Which of the guidelines for visual design is she following?
A. Follow the conventions for designing typical visuals.
B. Determine the story you want to tell.
C. Be sure the visual is ethical.
D. Check the quality of the data.
E. Choose the right visual for the story.
Q:
Which of the following is a design element that helps make data meaningful and supports arguments in your proposals and reports?
A. Software
B. Modem
C. Internet
D. Visual
E. Desktop
Q:
Maps can be used as visuals to specify and emphasize locations or to compare items in different locations.
Q:
A photograph is more effective for focusing in on details than a drawing is.
Q:
Histograms use images to create the bars on a bar graph.
Q:
The bars on a single bar chart should all be the same width.
Q:
Bar charts are easy to interpret because they ask people to compare distance along a common scale, which most people judge accurately.
Q:
Pie charts are most appropriate when one section is being compared to another section of the whole.
Q:
A complex visual requires relatively little discussion since all the information is contained in the graphics.
Q:
If the material is new to the audience, you must provide a fuller explanation than if similar material is presented to this audience every week or month.
Q:
Photograph is a popular visual because it can be relied upon to be a true record of a real event.
FALSE
Photographs in particular have received close attention for accuracy and ethics concerns. Photographers have always been able to frame their pictures in ways that cut objects they do not want. Adobe Photoshop and similar photo editing software have added a new dimension to the problem with their easy photo-altering aids.
Q:
It is a good idea to combine graphs with different scales so that readers can make valid comparisons.
Q:
Three-dimensional graphs give some perspective to data, and this makes visuals more accurate and easier to interpret.
Q:
Since part of the scale is missing in truncated graphs, small changes seem like major ones.
Q:
A truncated graph, where part of the scale is missing, is most acceptable when the audience does not know the basic data set well because it focuses in on the area of real interest.
Q:
If the reader has to study the labels to get the right picture, the visual is unethical even if the labels are accurate.
Q:
Audiences remember the labels on a graph or chart far better than they remember the shape of the visual.
Q:
Color used in visuals may send signals that you do not intend because different cultures associate different meanings with different colors.
Q:
Even if you have created your own unique visuals for a document, you must cite the sources of the information used to create them if they were gathered and compiled by someone else.
Q:
A visual that contains numbers and words arrayed in rows and columns is a figure.
Q:
Only a dot chart can be used to show correlations.
Q:
Vesper has 250 clients in five local counties. She wishes to prepare a visual that shows the percentage of clients in each county. She could choose a pie chart to illustrate this data in a visual.
Q:
Marion is comparing the sales volume in her region to the sales volumes in seven other regions in the country. She could choose a bar chart to illustrate this data in a visual.
Q:
Frasier would like to use a visual to show timelines for proposals that his department is working on. He could choose a dot chart to illustrate this data in a visual.
Q:
A line graph should be used to compare one item to another item.
Q:
Visuals are highly interchangeable, so writers can choose those they prefer and are most comfortable designing.
Q:
Some data sets allow you to tell several stories. In this case, you should choose the story you wish to tell but include all of the available data in the data set so that readers have all possible information at their disposal.
Q:
A good story that is told by a visual might include something that is personally relevant to you and the audience.
Q:
If the data used are not reliable, it is better not to use visuals even if you have an included verbal disclaimer.
Q:
The words in a written document should repeat the information that appears in a nearby visual.
Q:
A visual allows important information to be emphasized, even if the visual does not appear at the beginning or at the end of a document.
Q:
Since visuals can be created quickly and easily on a computer, there is no reason not to include at least one visual on every page of a written document.
Q:
Visuals can be effective tools for ensuring that ideas are presented completely.
Q:
Visuals are design elements that help make data meaningful.
Q:
List some of the tips for using and documenting sources in a research paper.
Q:
List some of the suggestions offered by Nan Robertson to interviewers.
Nan Robertson offers the following advice to interviewers:
Q:
Explain the different methods of conducting research interviews.
Q:
Compare and contrast between open and closed questions.
Q:
List the characteristics of well-designed survey questions.
Good questions have these characteristics:
Q:
Explain the different ways of conducting a survey.
Face-to-face surveys are convenient when you are surveying a fairly small number of people in a specific location. In a face-to-face survey, the interviewer's sex, race, and nonverbal cues can bias results.
Q:
Explain the different ways of choosing a sample.
A convenience sample is a group of subjects who are easy to get: students who walk through the union, people at a shopping mall, workers in your own unit. Convenience samples are useful for a rough pretest of a questionnaire and may be acceptable for some class research projects. However, you cannot generalize from a convenience sample to a larger group.
A purposive or judgment sample is a group of people whose views seem useful. Someone interested in surveying the kinds of writing done on campus might ask each department for the name of a faculty member who cared about writing, and then send surveys to those people.
Q:
As surveys can be used to show almost anything, people need to be careful when analyzing the results of surveys or designing their own. What questions are commonly asked about surveys?
These are questions commonly asked about surveys:
1. Who did the survey and who paid for it?
2. How many people were surveyed and how were they chosen?
3. How was the survey conducted?
4. What was the response rate?
5. What questions were asked?
Q:
What are the criteria you should use to decide whether a Web site is good enough to use for a research project?
Use the following criteria to evaluate Web sites for your research project:
1. Authors: What person or organization sponsors the site? What credentials do the authors have?
2. Objectivity: Does the site give evidence to support its claims? Does it give both sides of a controversial issue? Is the tone professional?
3. Information: How complete is the information? What is it based on?
4. Currency: How current is the information?
5. Audience: Who is the intended audience?
Q:
How can you narrow your search and identify the concepts you're interested in?
Q:
List the three things that a good purpose statement should clarify.
A good purpose statement should make three things clear:
Q:
List the criteria for a good report problem.
A good report problem in business or administration meets the following criteria:
Q:
List out the various types of reports based on the variety of information they can provide.
Variety of information reports can provide:
Q:
Describe the different types of reports that can be either information, analytical, or recommendation reports, depending on the particular situation.
The following reports can be information, analytical, or recommendation reports, depending on what they provide:
Q:
Enlist the five basic steps in writing any report.
In writing any report, there are five basic steps:
Q:
The passing off of the words or ideas of others as one's own is called _____.
A. plagiarism
B. documentation
C. abstraction
D. citation
E. piracy
Q:
"According to Thomas Friedman, the world is" is an example of:
A. an abstract.
B. plagiarism.
C. a citation.
D. documentation.
E. an acknowledgement.
Q:
_____ means attributing an idea or fact to its source in the body of the text.
A. Quotation
B. Documentation
C. Acknowledgement
D. Citation
E. Plagiarism
Q:
John Connor, a manager at Cyberdyne Systems Corp., asks his customers to voice their thoughts as they try to assemble one of their units, T850 Model 101. John is using:
A. trial-and-error research methodologies.
B. interruption interviews.
C. think-aloud protocols.
D. discourse-based interviews.
E. personal interviews.
Q:
Discourse-based interviews:
A. ask questions based upon something the interviewee has written.
B. are formal interviews based on written questions that the interviewee sees beforehand.
C. are interviews that are taped, so the interviewer can concentrate on the interview and not have to take notes.
D. strive to get the interviewee's spontaneous reaction to using a new product.
E. ask users to voice their thoughts as they use a document or product.
Q:
_____ is a form of qualitative research where a small group of people are convened to provide a more detailed look into some area of interest.
A. An ethnic group
B. A questionnaire
C. A focus group
D. Sampling
E. An online research community
Q:
_____ follow up an original question to get at specific aspects of a topic.
A. Hypothetical questions
B. Mirror questions
C. Probes
D. Situational questions
E. Critical incident questions
Q:
Question: "How often do you use the parking garages downtown?" Answer: "Three times a week." Which of the following is a mirror question?
A. "How many times do others use them in a month?"
B. "How much do you spend a week for parking there?"
C. "Does it cost too much?"
D. "Why do you park there so infrequently?"
E. "Is there parking at any other places?"
A mirror question paraphrases the content of the last answer. Mirror questions are used both to check that the interviewer understands what the interviewee has said and to prompt the interviewee to continue talking.
Q:
"You have probably been in a situation at one time where you had to work with a colleague who did not carry his or her share of the load on a project. How did you handle this?" In an interview, this is an example of a:
A. mirror question.
B. critical incident question.
C. hypothetical question.
D. probe.
E. situational question.
Q:
In an unstructured interview, the interviewer:
A. asks questions in a format similar to a questionnaire.
B. uses a detailed list of questions to guide the interview.
C. always asks closed questions to start the interview and set the interviewee at ease.
D. asks a few initial questions and then allows subsequent questions to build on these answers.
E. remains absolutely silent and allows the interviewee to speak freely.
Q:
In conducting a survey for an AIDS clinic, you must ask participants some very personal questions. It would be most appropriate to ask:
A. closed questions, so the participants will not give you answers you do not expect.
Q:
"Are you satisfied with your health care benefits? (Yes/No)" This is an example of:
A. a closed question.
B. an open question.
C. a branching question.
D. an overlapping question.
E. a hypothetical question.
Q:
You need to conduct a survey in three months among employees completing their probationary period to determine how company orientation and training could be improved. You have several closed questions prepared for the survey, but you don't know if the choices provided are adequate. You should:
A. conduct a pretest with open questions to find commonly chosen categories.
B. conduct a pretest to see if the terms used mean different things to different people.
C. conduct the survey as it is and leave an "other" line for each question.
D. conduct the survey with open questions, even though it will take respondents twice as long to fill the survey out.
E. conduct a pretest with closed questions to find categories that matter to respondents.
Q:
Which of the following is an advantage of using closed rather than open questions in a survey?
A. Closed questions allow researchers to probe the complexities of a subject.
B. Closed questions are faster for subjects to answer and easier for researchers to score.
C. Closed questions allow subjects to give any possible answer and do not lock the subject into any sort of response.
D. One can improve the quality of open questions by conducting a pretest with closed questions to find categories that matter to respondents.
E. Analyzing the responses from closed questions is usually less straightforward than from open questions.
Q:
_____ occurs when two people use the same words or phrases but interpret them differently.
A. Sampling
B. Bypassing
C. Misconceptions
D. Confidence interval
E. Branching
Q:
Which of the following is a characteristic of good questions?
A. They are asked in an order that influences answers.
B. They are phrased neutrally.
C. They mean different things to different people.
D. They ask several things and aspects.
E. They make certain assumptions about the respondent.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of face-to-face surveys?
A. They are used for surveying a large number of people in different locations.
B. They can reach anyone who has an address.
C. They are not effective for respondents who don't read and write well.
D. They deliver questions over the Internet.
E. They may lead to biased results based on the interviewer's sex, race, etc.
Q:
A(n) _____ provides a measure of variability that can be attached to survey derived estimates.
A. convenience sample
B. judgment sample
C. confidence interval
D. sampling frame
E. citation index
Q:
In a _____ sample, each person in the population theoretically has an equal chance of being chosen.
A. random
B. biased
C. convenience
D. judgment
E. quota
Q:
You are creating questions for a survey on the rampant corruption found in today's politics. You initially hand out surveys to journalists, political experts, anti-corruption workers, etc. This sample is called a(n):
A. convenience sample.
B. judgment sample.
C. random sample.
D. evaluative sample.
E. census sample.
Q:
Lisa, a student working for the school journal, is conducting a rough pretest of a survey to determine the maximum amount students are willing to pay for the journal. She distributes the survey to the first 50 students she runs into. The sample she is using is called:
A. a judgment sample.
B. a convenience sample.
C. the population.
D. a random sample.
E. a census.
Q:
A(n) _____ is a structured conversation with someone who will be able to give you useful information.
A. interview
B. poll
C. wild card
D. questionnaire
E. tally
Q:
After a search for key words, many words can appear in related forms. To catch all of them, one must use _____ for shortened terms and root words.
A. specialized encyclopedias
B. the database's truncated code
C. Google or AltaVista
D. citation indexes
E. Web search abbreviations