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Q:
As the article states, ultimately, both sides of the slut/not slut binary exercise similar effects of strategically separating Jessicas own subjectivity from the slut, disgust manages the separation from a slutty Lady Gaga in the interview with Joely, whereas disavowal of the slut in her fathers presence allows Jessica to protect her position within regulatory age-based requirements related to girls sexuality.
Q:
Media targeted to women create a social reality that is so overwhelmingly consistent it is almost a closed system of messages. In this way, it is the sheer ubiquity of the hypersexualized images that gives them power since they normalize and publicize a coherent story about women, femininity, and sexuality. Because these messages are everywhere, they take on an aura of such familiarity that we believe them to be our very own personal and individual ways of thinking.
Q:
The practice of individual consumption of entertainment commodities (which further dampens consumerism) supports collective reflections and discussions that make it difficult to reach democratic impulses and relations.
Q:
High hopes and great expectations have been expressed worldwide that television would enrich childrens lives, stimulate their imagination and creativity, broaden their education and knowledge, encourage multicultural tolerance, narrow social gaps, and stimulate development and democratization processes.
Q:
In order to truly treat each other as equals, males and females have to willfully attempt to ignore years of cultural conditioning, which ______. A. exemplifies understanding B. demonstrates social class C. expands on gender politics D. codifies inequality
Q:
The lack of female engagement in digital play is related to deeply rooted understandings of ______ in the culture at large.
A. gender differences
B. gaming dynamics
C. online communities
D. psychology
Q:
Even when the content of video games is not overtly violent, the medium conveys an educative message that instrumental manipulation of the world, self, and other is both ______.
A. positive and helpful
B. unavoidable and influential
C. negative and detrimental
D. natural and desirable
Q:
While some critics have depicted video games as benign and even emancipatory, portraying them as opportunities for players to experiment with new virtual identities, hone their hand-eye motor skills, engage in harmless pleasures, or even challenge capitalism, other critics have been notably less sanguine, with mental health professionals, for example, warning of ______.
A. how much time people spend playing video games
B. the highly addictive qualities of video games
C. the damage to ones eyes that might occur when staring at a television screen
D. the effects video games might have on older players
Q:
Some Internet commentators have argued that ______ will inevitably adapt to social media in a manner that reduces the threat of privacy invasion or even eliminates the need for privacy altogether.
A. cultural norms
B. social norms
C. political norms
D. advertising
Q:
Social media is the first ______ in history where girls and women participate at equal or greater levels than boys and men as content producers, distributors, and consumers.
A. artistic site
B. digital community
C. mass media platform
D. public forum
Q:
According to the article, under a critical public and media eye, ______ walk a fine line in terms of their engagement in sexualized performances, perpetually risking harsh condemnation and concomitant falls in popularity.
A. male artists
B. female artists
C. both male and female artists
D. gender nonconforming artists
Q:
The American Psychological Associations study on the sexualization of girls found that there was ample evidence to conclude that sexualizing girls has negative effects in a variety of domains. Some of these effects include ______.
A. less awareness of sexually transmitted diseases but an increase in mental health, and higher self-confidence
B. more risky sexual activity and higher rates of depression, but with less social inhibitions, they tended to have more active social lives
C. higher suicide and self-harm rates but engaged in risky sexual activities less often
D. more risky sexual behavior, higher rates of eating disorders, depression, and low self-esteem
Q:
Many of these images are of celebrities--women who have fast become the role models of today. With their wealth, designer clothes, expensive homes, and flashy lifestyles, these women do seem enviable to girls and young women since they appear to embody a type of power that demands ______.
A. publicity and fame
B. attention and visibility
C. money and empowerment
D. to be taken seriously
Q:
Behind Mattels portrayal of Latino/Latina identity lies a(n) ______ that sells itself as authentic but that ultimately either depicts Latino/Latina culture as homogeneous and exotic or repackages the dolls Latinidad in an assimilated form, whether to make her more attractive to more assimilated Latinos or to market her more effectively in places where ethnic diversity is not particularly marketable.
A. system of representation
B. organization of false imagery
C. structure of racism
D. collection of misunderstanding
Q:
Barbies embodiment of a diversity of feminine images reflects Mattels efforts to ______.
A. stay relevant in an increasingly digital world where children are not as interested in toys so much as they are interested in video games
B. market to continuously changing and increasingly diverse groups of United States and international consumers
C. advertise according to current trends and social interests
D. make their product line larger, so they can sell more toys and continue grow as a company
Q:
A consistent ______ organizes moral conflicts and elite responses to challenge in all Disney features.
A. hierarchical aura
B. ethical paradigm
C. cultural contradiction
D. heteronormative structure
Q:
In the last decade, Disney has made some significant changes in its representations and storylines, but it remains at odds with ______ by globally distributing entertainment narratives that simultaneously soften and normalize messages of social-class hierarchy and antisocial hyper-individualism.
A. authoritarianism and cultural representation
B. societal progression and gender role representations
C. democracy and social responsibility
D. social responsibility and cultural authenticity
Q:
While this is not a new argument in the discourse of cultural imperialism, American programming for children has been strongly criticized around the world primarily for being stereotypical of ______.
A. geopolitical relations
B. economics and finances
C. gender and race
D. women and feminists
Q:
The global status of television can be claimed because similar debates over televisions role in ______ have emerged globally. A. the entertainment market
B. political activism
C. advertising
D. the lives of children
Q:
Part VI: Growing Up With Contemporary Media
Q:
What is heteronormativity and how is it represented in cultural artifacts like music?
Q:
Briefly explain the method of content analysis.
Q:
Explain and describe a context in which the concept of docility influenced your own gender performance.
Q:
The Middle Eastern womens burqas mask their likeness to the Western women, and it is only after they expose themselves that they can be seen as properly modern.
Q:
As the article states, male supremacists would have us believe that all cultures have been and are now patriarchal. But patriarchy is relatively new in human culture.
Q:
While their argument seems to be that their increased visibility will lead to greater acceptance of homosexuals, they fail to acknowledge that the root of homophobia remains homosexuality.
Q:
As described in the article, ______ offer(s) a fantasy of wholeness and universality. A. films and television B. traditional music C. reading D. belly dancing
Q:
The simple ______ between oppressed and empowered women structuring most media representations of Western and Muslim femininities upholds broader political divisions.
A. comparison
B. dichotomy
C. conflict
D. collation
Q:
Such lines of work are those that attract disproportionate numbers of lesbigay people and are widely considered inappropriate for people of ______. The ballet and hairdressing for men and the military and automechanics for women are examples.
A. a certain background
B. a given gender
C. a specific sexuality
D. none of these
Q:
As an icon of drag, Barbie illustrates what feminists and culture critics have been saying for some years. In no uncertain terms, Barbie demonstrates that femininity is a(n) ______.
A. organic and fundamental concept
B. overly idealistic view
C. concept that few toy makers adopt
D. manufactured reality
Q:
Barbie gives girls endless opportunities to customize her, brush and style her hair, and position her in settings like aerobics class, a school dance, or the shopping mall. Then by doing these things, the author says that Barbie ______.
A. imposes false ideas on children of all ages
B. epitomizes, even exaggerates, these families mandates
C. is a good learning tool for young children
D. reinforces good family role models and ideals
Q:
As the author states, degrees of transgression is a metaphor for ______.
A. discussing the political potential of rethinking normalization of gay visibility as conventionalization
B. seeing how far off the average path a political figure has veered
C. examining the social potential of redefining homogeneity of race visibility as equality
D. exploring the cultural potential of restarting straight ideology and seeing it as a new starting place for equity
Q:
At the heart of the politics of gay representation are two intersecting considerations: the meanings/functions of visibility and ______.
A. the role of our sexuality in the expression of our identities
B. the role of gender performance in our understanding of sexuality
C. the role of sexuality in our education and upbringing
D. the role of gender in our everyday life
Q:
As the author mentions, few songs explicitly emasculate the hegemonic masculine man. To do so, The Weeknd connects the emasculation to ______.
A. a drug-infused lifestyle
B. an alcoholic existence
C. a sobering experience
D. a complex and psychedelic dream
Q:
Both Frank Ocean and The Weeknd can be understood as being part of a music culture that reflects the social complexities of ______.
A. musicians in an increasingly independent world
B. free expression under the first amendment
C. heteronormative men in an increasingly open society
D. masculinities in current Western public spheres
Q:
In contemporary Western societies, ______ is conceptualized as practices and embodiment that justify and institutionalize the central position of patriarchal men and the suppression, discrimination, or symbolic exclusion of women or of men who embody and/or express alternative masculinities.
A. heteronormativity
B. emasculation
C. feminism
D. hegemonic masculinity
Q:
Viewed through the lens of dating violence, the Twilight series offers many troubling examples of controlling behaviors and violence. The majority of controlling and violent behaviors are exhibited by ______.
A. older characters
B. male characters
C. female characters
D. human characters
Q:
Because violence has been recognized as being an acceptable expression of love in adolescent relationships, it is necessary to examine ______.
A. the subliminal messages that teenagers are receiving through the text messages
B. the emotional messages that adolescents are receiving through entertainment
C. the social messages that teenagers are receiving through the media
D. the familial messages that children are receiving through communication
Q:
Dating violence is gendered, with females suffering ______ of victimization and injury than males.
A. the same rates
B. higher rates
C. lower rates
D. similar rates
Q:
Negative representation feeds the sense of omnipotence of the dominators and says that this world of violence and inequality is ______.
A. better than any other possible worlds
B. the only world possible
C. only one of many worlds possible
D. not a reality and can be easily changed
Q:
Pornography is everyday not just in the sense that coded versions of it populate mainstream images but also because ______.
A. it is never more than an Internet search away
B. it influences how we perceive other peoples bodies
C. it is a visible influence of our daily moral choices
D. its precepts underlie mainstream ideas and practices
Q:
According to the author, rather than espousing views that synchronize well with the industry perspective, feminists need to develop ______.
A. a militaristic approach
B. a peaceful protest against opposing ideologies
C. a research and activist agenda
D. a plan to stand-in at political rallies
Q:
As the article states, the it they were referring to was the porn industry, and their reasoning was that because there are so many subgenres of porn circulating on the Internet, there couldnt possibly be ______.
A. a limit on access
B. a cohesive industry
C. an open market
D. a monopoly on the industry
Q:
Rather than looking at how corporate-owned media affects the way in which girls and women construct gender and sexual identities that produce and reproduce hegemonic gender relations, the author says that scholars are now arguing ______.
A. that we needed to take a more critical approach to media targeted to women
B. that we needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to women
C. that men needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to young children
D. that we needed to take a more positive approach to media targeted to men
Q:
As the author states, it is not anti-sex to critique a pornographic culture that accepts ______ designed to produce sexual stimulation, which are easily accessible not only to adults but to children at the beginning stages of their sexual development.
A. White supremacy and White nationalism
B. polygamy or multiple partners
C. heteronormativity and homophobia
D. misogynistic and racist images
Q:
Radical is often used to dismiss people or ideas as crazy or extreme, but here it describes ______.
A. an analysis that seeks to understand, address, and eventually eliminate the root causes of inequality
B. a method of thinking that seeks to eliminate inequity in society entirely
C. a series of ideas and concepts that works to build a basis for overpowering the patriarchal society
D. a power movement that seeks to put women in the dominant social and cultural position but to ultimately have equal rights
Q:
In the article, the author says that over the past 25 years, the pornographers and their allies have won, and radical feminism has lost. What does he mean by this statement?
A. Radical feminism lost its base due to cultural differences, and pornography has grown more diverse, creating a larger base of regular users than ever before.
B. There is more pornography, more easily available, and much of it more openly cruel and degrading to women and more overtly racist than ever.
C. Pornography has effectively destroyed the current generations idea of a healthy sex life.
D. Pornography has become so intertwined with pop culture and ideas of society that radical feminism has no leverage to gain an audience.
Q:
What are some changes in media culture over the last 50 years as discussed in part IV of the readings?
Q:
What are two strategies for attracting audiences covered in part IV of the readings?
Q:
What does Jhally mean when he says, Advertising is part of a discourse through and about objects?
Q:
True Blood is a television show based on novels, The Southern Vampire Mysteries, by Charlaine Harris. The stories, the 10th of which was published in 2010, were best sellers, providing a rich source of (intercorporate) intertextuality.
Q:
The premise of the threat of branding is that commercialization is not a negative aspect of contemporary sports industries because it doesn't render sports as just another indistinct form of consumerism and does not remove any enthusiasm from its audience.
Q:
True Blood illustrates the increasing diversity of ______. A. transmedia intertextual space and its tensions and contradictions B. broadcast television and its plots and stories C. HBO and its shows and characters D. the vampire genre and its meanings and effects
Q:
Commercial intertextuality is used to describe the production and interlinking of texts like blockbuster films or TV series with______ and products.
A. subplots and side narratives
B. underlying messages
C. allied paratexts
D. additional online content
Q:
This commercialization has been inevitable, largely because of the wider development of sport as a commercialized leisure and entertainment industry that is dependent on both ________ and ____________.
A. corporate media; commodity corporate finances
B. consumers; producers
C. technology; economics
D. high-profile players; every-day fans
Q:
The transformation of the Olympics into a ______ event affects the authenticity of the athletes who literally embody the positive aspects of Olympism--the ideals that underpin the event and movement or, in more commercial terms, the meaning of the Olympic brand.
A. culturally iconic
B. social spectacle
C. global politics
D. media entertainment
Q:
According to the author, individuals use celebrities as a nexus of ______.
A. social judgments
B. identity negotiation
C. self-evaluation
D. moral role models
Q:
Postfeminism is a term made up of multiple and conflicting meanings, and in this context, the author refers to Rosalind Gills conception of postfeminism as ______.
A. a nondescript blending of various postcivil rights ideologies
B. a distinctive sensibility consisting of a number of interrelated themes
C. a very specific hybrid of modern femininity and postindustrial work values
D. none of these
Q:
Popular discourses surrounding female celebrities and cosmetic surgery most often emerge from ______.
A. a post-feminist perspective
B. a heteronormative perspective
C. a cross-cultural perspective
D. a postindustrial perspective
Q:
Like cause marketing, this cause branding strategy is merely a cleverly disguised ploy to mask some of the fundamental problems for which the very same marketing forces are directly or indirectly responsible. Within this consumer context, commercial connotations are attached to ______.
A. pop culture messages
B. cultural heritage and commercial pandering
C. subtext and topical philosophy
D. popular messages and practices of philanthropy
Q:
This article advances that the Campaign for Real Beauty is a cause branding strategy that merges messages of corporate ______.
A. concern and commitment for a cause
B. worry but dont lose money
C. care as long as it benefits the company
D. care only about the cause, keep the people first
Q:
A feminist semiotic analysis suggests that, under a guise of corporate altruism that democratizes female beauty, Campaign for Real Beauty endorses ______.
A. culturally accurate representations of women
B. progressive pop culture views toward women
C. socially responsible ideas of womanhood
D. global postfeminist citizenship
Q:
Midriff advertising is notable not only for its success in selling brands but also--much more significantly--for its effective rebranding or reconstruction of ______.
A. the ideas and the work involved in creating the objectifiable through the visuals of sex and power
B. the anxieties and the labor involved in making the body beautiful, through a discourse of fun, pleasure, and power
C. the pleasures and the intensity involved in making a body powerful through a campaign of images and visuals
D. the experiences and the process in making the body visually stimulating through advertising and media
Q:
Objectifications centrality to the feminist critical lexicon lay in its ability to speak to the ways in which media representations help to justify and sustain relations of ______.
A. equity between men and women
B. romantic involvement between men and women
C. partnership and codependence between men
D. domination and inequality between men and women
Q:
As the author states, no matter how much never-to-be-recovered cash is poured into starting a magazine or keeping one going, _______ seem to be all that matter.
A. appearances
B. finances
C. readers
D. corporate backers
Q:
In the article, the author expresses that the fact that Ms. was asking companies to do business in a different way meant their saleswomen had to make many times the usual number of calls--first to convince agencies and then client companies besides--and to ______.
A. provide exceptional customer service
B. constantly validate their credentials to new clients
C. present endless amounts of research
D. seek out only high-profile clients.
Q:
Gloria Steinem states that when Ms. began, they didnt consider not taking ads. She says the most important reason was keeping the price of a feminist magazine low enough for most women to afford. But the second and almost equal reason was ______.
A. getting the magazine seen by the maximum number of women
B. creating an advertising dependent reader base that relied on the ads for discovering new products and services
C. providing a forum where women and advertisers could talk to each other and improve advertising itself
D. to make as much money off the magazine quickly so they could expand
Q:
As the author describes, for some, the answer comes in dreaming of a near future in which all that anxiety melts away, but for others, the answer to such distress is ______.
A. anger and revolt
B. doing nothing
C. calm discussion of the issues
D. protest and agitation
Q:
In the article, the author talks about how the ironic, contra Coke GIFs couldnt help but become transformed back into brand-compatible Coca-Cola messaging. This issue shows that ______.
A. capitalism is an immensely resilient institution
B. economics rarely behaves predictably
C. capitalism only produces increasingly powerful corporations
D. advertising can have unexpected outcomes
Q:
According to the article, without a privately controlled industry jockeying to compete with one another for consumer dollars, theres no need for ______.
A. large corporations
B. advertising
C. consumerism
D. the study of economics
Q:
With its emphasis on luxury, expensiveness, exclusivity, rarity, uniqueness, and distinction, new consumerism reflects and perpetuates structures of ______.
A. empowerment
B. economics and capitalism
C. inequality and power
D. class relations
Q:
The new consumerism has also set in motion another dynamic: ______.
A. it leads resources into other sources that could be used for social change
B. it takes monetary resources from the rich and sends that to programs for lower class Americans
C. it diverts economic resources that could be used for government consumption
D. it siphons off resources that could be used for alternatives to private consumption
Q:
For all its popularity, the shopping mania provokes considerable disease: ______.
A. many Americans worry about our preoccupation with getting and spending
B. all Americans are obsessed with self-expression and presentation
C. some Americans devote all their income to be seen as higher in the social standing
D. Americans in general are not concerned with the effects of their actions but instead are only interested in experiencing the newest trend
Q:
As described in the article, speed and fragmentation are not particularly conducive to thinking because they induce feeling. The speed and fragmentation that characterize the commodity image-system may have a similar effect on ______.
A. the formation of morals
B. the construction of consciousness
C. the ability to judge right from wrong
D. the interpretation of received messages
Q:
When the author says that in the contemporary world messages about goods are all pervasive, he means that ______.
A. advertising has increasingly filled up the spaces of our daily existence
B. consumerism is not as important as it once was
C. advertising has become less important than the actual product being sold
D. the dominant culture of the country has shifted and is focused more on quality of products than availability
Q:
It is sometimes difficult to locate the origins of our most cherished values and assumptions because ______.A. we as a cultural value the whole, rather than the individual
B. we live inside the consumer culture, and most of us have done so for most of our lives
C. we tend to focus on the values of others more than ourselves
D. we get caught in the influencing force of society, which tells subconsciously that our values dont matter
Q:
Part VI: Advertising and Consumer Culture
Q:
Discuss the tension of social class and economics.
Q:
How are postfeminism and post-racial discourses similar?
Q:
How is culture jamming a counterhegemonic strategy?