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Q:
Today, many gay men sport beards, army fatigues, work boots, and so on. They build up their bodies or are busy arraying themselves in these castoffs and becoming cowboys, truckers, telephone lineman, and football players. This is not new: feminization, at least to a small and symbolic degree, seemed a necessary initiation into gay life.
Q:
In the United States, womens mass entry into the workforce is often attributed to the second wave of the womens movement.
Q:
As the author makes clear, it is crucial to not fall victim to ______. A. media propaganda and political ideologies B. technological determinism and accept the myth of the digital panacea C. authoritarian rhetoric and utopian ideologies D. none of these
Q:
The activist voice that social media and digital technologies amplify pushes profit-centered media institutions to pay attention to ______.
A. pop culture, entertainment news, and celebrity updates
B. representations of minorities in television and film
C. challenges of politics, campaigns, and global politics
D. issues of police brutality, mass incarceration, and the white supremacist criminal justice system
Q:
The most obvious and significant change in media comes from the proliferation of _________ that has/have fragmented the means of content production and distribution once controlled by a handful of multinational corporations.
A. digital technologies
B. Internet platforms
C. electronic news
D. print media
Q:
It is evident that the most prevalent images of Black womanhood in rap are not of successful, assertive, female rappers, but instead, of near naked, unrealistic, back-up dancers used to enforce the masculinity and sexual prowess of those male rappers for whom they dance. In formulating a critical dialogue about rap music and feminism, what does the author say we must ask?
A. Whose womanhood is being oppressed by entertainment, and is this oppression limited to music?
B. What kind of femininity is being sought by audiences, and what is being seen in the public sphere?
C. Whose Black womanhood is being brought to the public sphere and is this womanhood truly female defined?
D. Are Black women being brought to the public sphere authentically, and are they represented thoroughly?
Q:
The majority of resistance against misogyny and violence in rap music thus far has been constructed as a gendered issue, instead of a civil rights agenda. By denying the possibilities of empowerment for both Black men and women in rap, we ignore the ______.
A. political nature
B. economic opportunities
C. social obligations
D. cultural commentary
Q:
According to Kitwana, when it comes to the mainstream and commercial portrayal of rap music and its stars, what is often highlighted are those aspects of rap that reinforce ______.
A. negative ideas of class politics
B. aspects of society that are often not discussed
C. negative stereotypes about Blacks
D. positive aspects of musical diversity
Q:
The normalization of maleness and Whiteness contributes to these working-class subjects being constructed as ___________, which lends itself to hegemonic narratives of rugged individualism, the suppression of class consciousness, and the maintenance of White male supremacy.
A. neutral individuals
B. authentic individuals
C. masculine figures
D. nonconforming personalities
Q:
According to the article, rural or redneck masculinity is considered ______.
A. the least authentic form because it is too far removed from mainstream culture
B. only partially authentic because it does not always include many aspects that some consider masculine
C. authentic but only as far as the individual person is concerned
D. the most authentic in current mainstream U.S. discourse because it is commonly associated with real men
Q:
The show Duck Dynasty discursively configures rednecks as authentically masculine and yuppies as feminine, which therefore implies the superiority of the former over the latter in this patriarchal context. Although the term yuppies commonly refers to young (White) urban professionals, family patriarch Phil Robertson applies the term to ______.
A. people of color or nonconforming gender identities
B. anyone who does not embrace his lifestyle of hunting and fishing
C. only young urban professionals as the term is intended
D. people who live in urban areas
Q:
Romes show, although it may be influenced by traditional gay and lesbian identity politics, is ______.
A. not a queer space
B. welcoming to queer audiences but attracts a less diverse audience
C. an openly queer space
D. open to queer audiences but alienates Black and Asian audiences
Q:
Romes in-group language and his unique interaction (or lack thereof) make his radio show distinctive. His survival of the fittest format is responsible for ______.
A. the publics perception of Rome as a political outsider
B. the shows reputation as a center for pop culture entertainment
C. the publics idea of the show as a sports-centric boys club
D. the shows reputation as the sports version of hate-speech radio
Q:
As the author makes clear, The Jim Rome Show reflects ______.
A. a discomfort with modern radio shows and how they are presented
B. a growing cultural trend in the United States--sports talk radio
C. a nostalgia for the radio programs of the past, which leads to a generally older audience
D. a disinterest in radio as an entertainment source, with fewer and fewer listeners each year
Q:
Acting similarly as a facilitator for straight women in their fantasies, DeGeneress play act has a distinct difference from Rosie ODonnells: ______.
A. DeGeneress queerness is a secret--a secret the audience is aware of--and she plays on this knowledge to make her interaction entertaining
B. DeGeneress homosexuality is not a secret and she openly expresses herself on her show, which makes the show bland, but fun
C. DeGeneress homosexuality is a known secret--a secret the audience knows in an iconic way--and she trades on this knowledge to make her interaction funny
D. DeGeneress dance routine is an expected part of the show--a part the audience knows in an iconic way--and she performs with this knowledge to make her dance engaging and even more iconic
Q:
Speaking her mind about what should now be said, or not said, about her sexuality, Ellen successfully encodes the media ritual of dancing, later to appear on Ellen as ______.
A. a performance of queerness that expresses meaning where words have been found to fail
B. a performance of celebrity identity that downplays meaning where words have shown too much expression
C. a rehearsal of physical expression that shows comprehension where words have not shown understanding
D. an act of queerness that reveals authentic individual values, while failing to use words shows an ability to communicate nonverbally
Q:
Ellen DeGeneres escapes being such a convenient screen for hate-mongers or bearing the responsibility of being a spokesperson for all of gay America, while she still maintains a televisibility of queer identity. She does this through which methods?
A. She performs queerness through stand-up comedy and through the ritual action of her interview sequence.
B. She performs gender expression through what implicitly exceeds her stand-up jokes and sit-down talk.
C. She performs queerness through what implicitly exceeds her stand-up jokes and sit-down talk and, physically, through the ritual action of her daily dance sequence.
D. She sometimes expresses queerness through the ritual action of her daily dance sequence but often comes across as gender-neutral.
Q:
Brilliantly parodying the traditional family sitcom neighborhood, The Simpsons town of Springfield ______.
A. is clearly a metaphor for Washington, D.C., politics
B. satirizes and challenges rather than extols the American Dream
C. challenges the ideas of the normal nuclear family
D. forgoes progressivism and reverts to older ideals of family values
Q:
Jonathan Gray (2003) suggests that The Simpsons has turned on its family sitcom brethren, situating its action within ______.
A. an anti-suburb that is depicted as racist, isolationist, and homophobic
B. a suburb that is depicted as utopian, welcoming, and open-minded
C. a town that is obsolete, worn, and close to expiration
D. an anti-suburb that is depicted as xenophobic, provincial, and narrow-minded
Q:
__________ are a loose collection of media activists who are rebelling against the hegemony of the messages promoting global capitalism.
A. Muckrakers
B. Culture jammers
C. Authoritarians
D. Feminists
Q:
Many scholars posit some version of accessible, public, substantive, rational conversations among numerous and diverse participants as the prerequisite for a(n) ______.
A. subversive dictatorship
B. healthy patriarchy
C. anarchy
D. healthy democracy
Q:
According to the author, Jon Stewart can operate stealthily by ______.
A. engaging audiences with news information and political commentary
B. feigning ignorance and constantly insisting that The Daily Show is only for laughs
C. pretending he is not aware of the effect The Daily Show has
D. feigning understanding and insisting that The Daily Show is only for news information
Q:
Class awareness is a(n) __________, produced in a political sense only when individual experiences are articulated as a political force, enabling subjects to enter the stage as historical agents.
A. political force
B. economic foundation
C. power device
D. social construct
Q:
As Stuart Hall suggests with his theory of articulation, ______.
A. there is no necessary link between economics and class
B. there is a link between income and political alignment
C. economics is entirely dependent on class, race, and income
D. there must be a link between economics and class
Q:
Describe Orientalism and its representations.
Q:
How is gender performative?
Q:
Describe how a transgender person occupies the borderlands between communities and identities.
Q:
The author describes how in Real Housewives conflict is always a prelude to greater interpersonal connectedness; it is the basis of their relationships.
Q:
The digital world has opened up communities for transgender people where none have existed before. There is less isolation and perhaps less struggle because of the resources, social networks, and virtual communities provided on the Internet.
Q:
Critiquing these linguistic practices is not merely a rhetorical exercise because all of this talk has significant ______. A. political ramifications B. media repercussions C. material consequences D. philosophical outcomes
Q:
In the media character he self-created, Rush Limbaughs unrestrained narcissism drives him to broadcast to his audience an inflated sense of himself as a ______.
A. mans man
B. political activist
C. engaged citizen
D. entertainment guru
Q:
A. technology B. entertainment C. media D. talk show opinions
Q:
The housewives home lives and social lives are framed as ______, rearticulating postfeminist tensions in leisure-class terms.
A. open ideals
B. religious choices
C. economic choices
D. forced choices
Q:
The populist scorn Real Housewives provokes is not gender-neutral; its sights are set on the rich, to be sure, but only rich women, especially ______.
A. those who transgress the traditional gender roles
B. those who embody traditional family roles
C. those who reject modern gender roles
D. those who embrace the idea of gender as consumption
Q:
The Digital Age has obliterated the transqueers who embrace the borderlands of gender fluidity and replaced it with ______.
A. gender as religion
B. gender as industry
C. gender as consumption
D. gender as ideology
Q:
People who were, 20 years ago, described as hermaphrodite now name themselves intersex. Over time, the language shifted because ______.
A. scientists and doctors decided intersex was a more accurate term
B. members of the intersex community wanted to name themselves rather than being named by the medical profession
C. members of the intersex community became tired of the term hermaphrodite and thought intersex was a more modern term
D. the English language become more nuanced, and the meaning of words shifted, so researchers decided to create a new term that was more specific
Q:
Contemporary representations of ______ make visible new logics of Whiteness that are imbricated in a politics of the transnational.
A. women of color
B. male leaders
C. family life
D. global motherhood
Q:
According to the article, women visually coded as ordinary looking generally ______.
A. do not grace our screens as carrying the potential for producing and sustaining life
B. are never seen in film or television
C. are accurately represented as true to life characters
D. do tend to be thought of as superfluous to the story in films, but in television, they are thought of as more critical parts of the narrative
Q:
The story about a Midwestern woman in Ohio who, inspired by images of Angelina Jolies adoption of an Ethiopian child, expressed a desire to do the same is important because it ______.
A. gives precedence to the idea that people are more willing to adopt if they see positive examples of adoption
B. reveals that Jolie is still an influential member of pop culture
C. is representative of a growing transnational phenomenon
D. shows that celebrities can influence peoples life choices
Q:
Katy Perry, the framing of men of color in her video, and her cultural appropriation matter because they reach a broad audience and serve to reinforce a racist and prejudicial understanding of the world that only sharpens dichotomies. To overlook the power of popular media because it is fluff is to ______.
A. dismiss Katy Perry as a pop culture has-been
B. decide what that media tells a huge portion of the public is unimportant
C. instill a sense of underlying prejudice when listening to pop music
D. decide that some forms media is more influential on audiences than others
Q:
The tension between accessibility and novelty, or strangeness, can serve as both a site of resistance for female artists to wage sex as a weapon in the fight against gender stereotyping as well as ______.
A. a space where new ideas about sexual roles and what is not appropriate male sexual behavior are identified
B. a space where stale ideas about gender roles and what is appropriate female sexual behavior are reified
C. a space where old ideas about social values are broken down and rebuilt in new cultural subcategories
D. a space where gender roles are reinforced
Q:
Orientalism, Edward Said (1978) wrote, is ______.
A. a conceptualization of the Orient, or East, which places it in opposition to the Occident or West
B. identifying with Asian countries or cultures
C. being of or from an Asian country, and practicing a culturally authentic lifestyle, but no longer living there
D. the act of traveling, moving, or otherwise leaving Western civilization and immersing oneself in oriental cultures
Q:
The articles study shows that despite their outstanding sporting achievements, the Williams sisters have been subjected to the gender-specific images that deem black bodies as less desirable if not downright ugly, that is, ______.
A. their bodies are seen as superior in athletic ability but not in physical beauty
B. they have been subjugated as being only fit for athletic competition
C. they have been separated from other payers due to race
D. their bodies have been positioned by the sexually grotesque.
Q:
The author mentions that pornographic eroticism is particularly prominent in media coverage of which sport?
A. soccer
B. lacrosse
C. tennis
D. basketball
Q:
Whenever womens bodies are deemed to be excessive--too fat, too mouthy, too old, too dirty, too pregnant, too sexual (or not sexual enough) for the norms of conventional gender representation--Rowe argues that ______.
A. gender hierarchies are strengthened
B. gender hierarchies are threatened
C. gender hierarchies are the culprit
D. gender hierarchies are not involved or affected
Q:
As the article makes clear, the ongoing struggle lends itself to binary thinking, moral declarations, and public denunciations. To many, either the moniker is respectful or it is racist. It is a stereotype or not. Such arguments ______.
A. make the issue easier to understand and therefore more efficient
B. ignore the underlying religious messages of the conflict
C. fail to specify the real issue at hand and instead make it more confusing
D. simplify the conflict and its cultural import
Q:
The issue has stressed indigenous support, highlighting the importance of public opinion polls as well as endorsements of the Washington Redskins football team by prominent individuals and reservation communities. Importantly, the defense is about more than Indianness. In particular, it turns in spoken and unspoken ways on ______.
A. Whiteness
B. American culture
C. organized sports
D. religion
Q:
The term redskin is a problem, and its lingering presence undermines the pursuit of ______ by American Indians.
A. historical acceptance and acknowledgment
B. respect and understanding
C. equality, inclusion, and empowerment
D. equity
Q:
When the author mentions the apparently naturalized representations of events and situations relating to race, whether factual or fictional, which have racist premises and propositions inscribed in them as a set of unquestioned assumptions, he is referring to ______.
A. intentional racism
B. ideological based morality
C. underrepresentation of low-income members of society
D. inferential racism
Q:
Primitivism is defined by ______.
A. the dynamic closeness of society to the environment
B. the fixed proximity of such people to nature
C. the focus of some cultures on aspects of spirituality and nature
D. societys view of humans impact on the global ecosystem
Q:
In this article, the author mentions that ______. The most important economic function came from televisions role as an instrument of legitimation for transformations in values initiated by the new economic imperatives of postwar America.
A. ideologies are not the product of individual consciousness or intention
B. ideologies are the by-product of consciousness and authenticity
C. ideologies are often misunderstood as concepts of morality
D. ideologies never offer more than a glimpse at the individuals who make the statements
Q:
In Andrew Solomons landmark 2012 book about parenting and how children differentiate themselves, he makes a distinction between vertical and horizontal identity. Traits and values you dont share with parents, sometimes because of genetic mutation, sometimes through the choice of a different social world, define ______.
A. authentic identity
B. vertical identity
C. asymmetrical identity
D. horizontal identity
Q:
The new Atticus character from Go Set a Watchman was a betrayal of White liberal idealism, feeding a suspicion that idealism was less than absolute. In other words, the author is saying ______.
A. that Atticus had been secretly racist all along, and people had falsely identified with him
B. that ideas such as White liberal idealism could be twisted and turned to become something different as people change
C. that it could suddenly, randomly turn against the people it purported to help
D. that idealism might not be as strong of a position when looked back on
Q:
Cultural studies insist that culture must be studied within the social relations and system. This radical hope, triggered by President Barack Obama, ushered in a period of bi and transracial art. This probed ______.
A. the possibility that we really had transcended race but also ridiculed this hope with an acid humor
B. the notion that homophobic ideas were weakening and allowing the country to grow in new ways
C. the idea that Obama was responsible for a new renaissance of art
D. the possibility that we as a country had overcome isolationism but also teased the idea with a political discourse
Q:
Explain commodification.
Q:
What are the political consequences of conglomeration?
Q:
Compare and contrast vertical and horizontal integration.
Q:
Female fans are rare, and seldom transform Star Trek into womens culture, and always keep it as a space opera. This is possibly because there is not really any unwritten feminine countertext that hides in the margins of the written masculine text.
Q:
Mass-mediated ideologies are corroborated and strengthened by an interlocking system of efficacious information-distributing agencies and taken-for-granted social practices that permeate every aspect of social and cultural reality.
Q:
Concentration of media ownership means that fewer corporations own the media.
Q:
Another new approach the author mentions examined ______. A. political discourses about governments that reveal institutional goals in relation to the social control of those civilizations B. hegemonic discourses about audiences that reveal institutional goals in relation to the social control of populations C. interpersonal relationships about couples that reveal romantic goals in relation to the cultural norms of the area D. none of these
Q:
Cultural studies offered a more optimistic model in which people were not suffering from false consciousness but rather ______.
A. engaged in social change through charity
B. sought to find meaning in false consciousness
C. were left to endure their reality
D. contended against cultural institutions and elites
Q:
Trading in ______ crosses a moral threshold and transforms social relations traditionally regulated by values that transcend money into exchange relations regulated by money.
A. cultural heritages, practices, or ideologies
B. radio, television, and film
C. identity, bodies, and personal or public services
D. ideas, ethics, and philosophy
Q:
Although fanzines may take a variety of forms, fans generally divide them into two major categories: ______ that publish short articles and letters from fans on issues surrounding their favorite shows and ______ that publish short stories, poems, and novels concerning the program characters and concepts.
A. authoritative engagers; persuasive contenders
B. daily fans; lifelong fans
C. letterzines; fictionzines
D. super fans; fanfiction authors
Q:
An alternative approach to fan experience is one that perceives Trekkers (as they prefer to be called) not as cultural dupes, social misfits, or mindless consumers but rather as ______.
A. poachers of textual meanings
B. social pariahs
C. consumers of television philosophy
D. cultural observers with a science fiction lens
Q:
As the author explains, we must begin to recognize that romance reading is fueled by ______ and ______ not by perfect contentment with womans lot.
A. desire; boredom,
B. remorse; loneliness,
C. lust; power,
D. dissatisfaction; disaffection,
Q:
An escape that is both literal and figurative implies flight from some situation in the real world which is either stifling or overwhelming, as well as a metaphoric transfer to another, more desirable universe where events are happily resolved. What kind of experience does the author claim makes these escapes a reality?
A. romance reading
B. virtual reality headsets
C. interpersonal communication
D. watching television
Q:
Consider this excerpt from the article: On the one hand, they value their romances highly because the act of reading them literally draws (them) away from their present surroundings. Because they must produce the meaning of the story by attending closely to the words on the page, they find that their attention is withdrawn from concerns that plague them in reality. Who is Janice Radway referring to when she uses they and them?
A. all Americans
B. women
C. children
D. the elderly
Q:
As discussed in the article, from a cultivation theory standpoint, ______.
A. the results are not consistent with the idea that viewing films in the U.S. context provides a supportive environment for democratic values
B. the results are consistent with the idea that listening to the radio in the U.S. context provides cross-cultural values
C. the results are consistent with the idea that television viewing in the U.S. context provides a supportive environment for authoritarian values
D. the results had no conclusive link between authoritarian values and entertainment
Q:
The idea is that ______ is one who is subservient to power above him or her and abusive of power to those below.
A. an authoritarian personality
B. an idealist personality
C. a transformationalist leader
D. a democratic personality
Q:
The author talks about how the role of media is often ______.
A. totally ignored when it comes to choosing a new leader
B. seen as a means to an end by those in power
C. providing accurate and reliable information about current leaders
D. creating fervent support for one perceived as a strong leader
Q:
The author of the article talks about the rise of the Internet as a form of free communication, seemingly without limits, thus raising the prospect of vast new realms of human sociability and enhanced democratic possibilities. Yet, rather than a means of expanding human sociability, the Internet is being turned into ______.
A. a replacement to education
B. a new means of alienation
C. a communication hub but only for the privileged few
D. a limiting space for free thought
Q:
Unlike firms in many other nations, U.S. telephone and cable firms are not required to allow competitor broadband ISPs access to their wires, so there is virtually no meaningful competition in the now crucial broadband ISP industry. Why does the author think this is such a bad thing?
A. Smaller companies then have to try a lot harder and install their own wires.
B. Because deregulation has led to fewer enormous firms with far less regulation.
C. Because without competition, companies have no reason to try hard to deliver a good product.
D. Monopolies lead to corruption, which inevitably leads to harmful effects for society.
Q:
They are developed in a social, political, and economic context. And this has strongly conditioned the course and shape of the communication revolution. What is the author referring to in this passage?
A. cultures
B. currencies
C. ideas
D. technologies
Q:
The Italian intellectual Antonio Gramsci--to whom the term hegemony is attributed-- ______.
A. was unable to comprehend the true nature of hegemony and its effects in the United States
B. broadened hegemony into the realm of consumerism
C. thought that there was an asymmetrical interdependence of politicaleconomiccultural forces at play
D. broadened materialist Marxist theory into the realm of ideology
Q:
The power or dominance that one social group holds over others is ______.
A. mass media manipulation
B. hegemony
C. Marxist theory
D. mass-mediated ideologies
Q:
In the media industry, vertical integration refers to ______.
A. the process in which a company neither grows economically nor shrinks but over time moves vertically above other companies through a process of buying and selling
B. the process by which one company buys different kinds of media, concentrating ownership across differing types of media rather than up and down through one industry
C. the process by which one owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single type of media product
D. the idea that the media environment is quite different largely because of the vast size of the U.S. media industry but that private media ownership can be a huge political asset in the United States too if it is able to move in the right directions
Q:
Which term best describes when media companies become part of much larger corporations that own a collection of other companies that may operate in highly diverse business areas?
A. collude
B. conglomeration
C. horizontally collide
D. composite
Q:
According to George Lipsitz, advertisers incorporated their messages into urban ethnic working-class comedies with which method?
A. indirect and direct means
B. only direct means
C. only indirect means
D. subliminal means
Q:
Select the answer that best shows what the author was describing with the Mamas Birthday example, and what it represents: ______.
A. The episode confuses the roles of economics and consumerism and misrepresents social norms to the audience
B. The conflict between social desires and government roles reflected the economys role as mediator in American values
C. The conflict was a red herring and really represented the repressed and underlying effect of domestic values in society
D. The conflict between consumer desires and family roles reflected televisions social role as mediator between the family and the economy