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Q:
Compare the five groups of needs in Maslow's theory with the three groups of needs in Alderfer's ERG theory.
Q:
Explain employee growth-need strength and its relationship to the job characteristics model.
Q:
List the three categories of needs proposed by Clayton Alderfer.
Q:
List the five core job dimensions found in the job characteristics model.
Q:
List the four reinforcement tools.
Q:
The assumption that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated is the basis for the __________.
Q:
__________ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.
Q:
__________ is the degree to which the worker has freedom, discretion, and self-determination in planning and carrying out tasks.
Q:
The idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need is referred to as a(n) __________.
Q:
__________ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.
Q:
Factors that involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions or pay, are known as __________.
Q:
__________ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved.
Q:
__________ theories explain how workers select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.
Q:
__________ is defined as the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.
Q:
__________ is a motivational compensation program that allows workers to set their own hours.
Q:
__________ rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions, praise, and pay increases.
Q:
The __________ is the idea that the single most important factor that can boost motivation during a workday is making progress toward meaningful goals.
Q:
__________ are the most basic human physical needs, including food, water, and oxygen.
Q:
__________ theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.
Q:
A state of __________ exists whenever the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs equals the ratio of another's outcomes to inputs.
Q:
The idea that people are strongly motivated by a potential loss, such as a financial penalty, is known as __________.
Q:
__________ is the value of outcomes, or attraction to outcomes, for the individual.
Q:
Which of the following refers to the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior?
a. Commitment
b. Motivation
c. Satisfaction
d. Rewarding behavior
e. Behavior modification
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
Q:
One of your fellow students is continually late to class. The professor has tried numerous verbal warnings and recently took points away from the student's grade. Based on the above, the professor's actions are consistent with which of the following reinforcement techniques?
a. Negative reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Avoidance learning
e. Rewards enhancement
Q:
What is the basic difference between consideration behavior and initiating structure behavior?
Q:
Differentiate between a substitute and a neutralizer.
Q:
Distinguish between charismatic and transformational leadership.
Q:
List the two types of personal power.
Q:
List the two dimensions used in Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid.
Q:
The ability to influence people toward the attainment of goals is known as __________.
Q:
In __________, the leader favors a consensual and collaborative process, and influence derives from relationships rather than position power and formal authority.
Q:
__________, according to the Leadership Grid, occurs when efficiency in operations is the dominant orientation.
Q:
A contingency approach to leadership that links the leader's behavioral style with the task readiness of subordinates is called the __________.
Q:
__________ is the potential ability to influence the behavior of others.
Q:
__________ is the extent to which the leader is task-oriented and directs subordinates work activities toward goal attainment.
Q:
__________ followers are critical, independent thinkers and are active in the organization.
Q:
__________ are the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and even appearance.
Q:
Vision, innovation, nurturing, and personal power are examples of __________ qualities.
Q:
A(n) __________ leader is distinguished by a special ability to bring about innovation and change.
Q:
Power that results from the authority to reward others is called __________.
Q:
The __________ has the ability to inspire and motivate people to do more than they would normally do, despite obstacles and personal sacrifice.
Q:
Power resulting from a leader's special knowledge or skill regarding the tasks being performed by followers is referred to as __________.
Q:
A(n) __________ for leadership makes the leadership style unnecessary or redundant.
Q:
A situational variable that counteracts a leadership style is known as a(n) __________.
Q:
A model of leadership that describes the relationship between leadership styles and specific organizational situations is called a(n) __________ approach.
Q:
__________ is the extent to which the leader is sensitive to subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust.
Q:
Marion is a great manager and has a number of special skills. In particular, Marion has the ability to get his subordinates to do more than would be normally expected. Which of the following best describes Marion?
a. Transactional leader
b. Supportive leader
c. Charismatic leader
d. People-oriented leader
e. Production-oriented leader
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
Q:
Which of the following types of follower participates actively in the organization but does not use critical-thinking skills?
a. Passive follower
b. Effective follower
c. Alienated follower
d. Conformist
e. Pragmatic survivor
Q:
Recently, Beagle Boutique was attempting to hire a middle manager. It was looking for an intelligent, confident, and honest individual. Which approach to leadership was Beagle using?
a. The contingency approach
b. The situational approach
c. The trait approach
d. The behavioral approach
e. The substitute approach
Q:
Leadership is reciprocal, which means:
a. it is dynamic.
b. it is a problem-solving activity.
c. it occurs among people.
d. it is redundant.
e. it always creates conflict.
Q:
__________ means being unpretentious and modest rather than arrogant and prideful.
a. Humility
b. Egotism
c. Altruism
d. Reserved
e. Assurance
Q:
Peter has the ability to convince others to work toward the attainment of goals. This ability is known as:
a. motivation.
b. leadership.
c. commitment.
d. a conceptual skill.
e. a personal agenda.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a manager quality?
a. Maintains stability
b. Organizes
c. Analyzes
d. Rational
e. Personal power
Q:
All of the following are interpersonal influence tactics, EXCEPT:
a. help people to like you.
b. develop allies.
c. rely on the rule of demand.
d. appeal to higher authority.
e. ask for what you want.
Q:
Beth, a middle manager at Heather's Handbags, uses threats and punishments to influence the behavior of her subordinates. Which of the following sources of power is Beth relying on?
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Expert power
d. Referent power
e. Personal power
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of Schmidt's five leadership precepts?
a. Get to know your employees.
b. Create new ways to reward high performers.
c. Ensure the integrity of the hierarchy.
d. Let employees own the problems.
e. Have employees' performance reviewed by respected others.
Q:
Wilson is viewed by his boss as driven, tenacious, and conscientious in the pursuit of his goals. These characteristics fit within which of the following categories?
a. Physical characteristics
b. Intelligence and ability
c. Work-related characteristics
d. Social background
e. Social characteristics
Q:
According to the Leadership Grid, __________ means the absence of a management philosophy, where managers exert little effort toward interpersonal relationships or work accomplishment.
a. solitary management
b. middle-of-the-road management
c. low-road management
d. authority-compliance management
e. impoverished management
Q:
Which of the following types of leader clarifies the role and task requirements of subordinates?
a. Transactional
b. Charismatic
c. Transformational
d. Supportive
e. Team
Q:
One of Rubys few flaws is that she does not consider possibilities beyond what she is told, accepting her supervisors ideas without thinking. She can best be described as which of the following types of thinker?
a. Transformational
b. Servant
c. Uncritical
d. Transactional
e. Critical
Q:
Which of the following is a desired characteristic of both leaders and followers?
a. Honesty
b. Intelligence
c. Loyalty
d. Dependability
e. Cooperation
Q:
The early research on leadership traits was referred to as the:
a. contingency theory of leadership.
b. path-goal theory of leadership.
c. "great man" approach.
d. situational theory of leadership.
e. behavioral approach.
Q:
Two leadership styles used by Fiedler in his contingency theory were:
a. employee-centered and job-centered.
b. consideration and initiating structure.
c. concern for people and concern for production.
d. relationship-oriented and task-oriented.
e. employee-oriented and relations-oriented.
Q:
Researchers at Ohio State University identified two major behaviors called:
a. commitment and consideration.
b. commitment and initiation.
c. consideration and initiating structure.
d. initiating structure and commitment.
e. consideration and concern for people.
Q:
The leader who stimulates high standards and champions dedication to vision is a __________ leader
a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4
e. Level 5
Q:
Andys subordinates say that they love working for Andy because he inspires them to not only believe in the organization but also to believe in their own potential. Andy can best be described as which of the following types of leader?
a. Transformational
b. Servant
c. Authentic
d. Transactional
e. Interactive
Q:
All of the following are leadership qualities, EXCEPT:
a. visionary.
b. innovates.
c. promotes change.
d. structured.
e. nurtures.
Q:
A Level I leader is:
a. capable.
b. contributing.
c. competent.
d. effective.
e. the highest level.
Q:
Ian does not have much of a relationship with his subordinates. They feel obligated to do as he says because he's the boss. This is an example of:
a. referent power.
b. legitimate power.
c. coercive power.
d. reward power.
e. expert power.
Q:
The recommended management style from the Leadership Grid is:
a. 1,9.
b. 9,1.
c. 5,5.
d. 1,1.
e. 9,9.
Q:
Colleen Farney at TeleTech shows vast knowledge, intelligence, cognitive ability, and keen decisiveness. Which of the following personal characteristics of leadership is she showing?
a. Physical characteristics
b. Intelligence and ability
c. Personality
d. Social characteristics
e. Social background
Q:
Personal power, innovation, and nurturing are consistently viewed as manager qualities rather than leader qualities.
a. True
b. False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Q:
The task-oriented leader, according to Fiedler, excels in the favorable situation, whereas relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in situations of moderate favorability.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The alienated follower is a person who is an independent, critical thinker but is passive in the organization.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The country club management style (1,9) stresses high service and concern for guests or customers, sometimes to the detriment of employees of the firm.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Charismatic leaders typically have a strong vision for the future and they can motivate others to help realize it.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Three distinguishing personal characteristics associated with successful leaders are intelligence, honesty, and self-confidence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The pragmatic survivor is a follower who participates actively in the organization but does not use critical-thinking skills.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Legitimate, reward, and expert powers are all forms of position power.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In a recent study, it was found that men were more capable of motivating others and listening than women.
a. True
b. False