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Q:
The text notes that there are generally four phases of group development. (A) List each of these four phases. (B) Provide communication examples that would identify each phase. (C) In which phase do you think this class is?
Q:
Define groupthink. List the eight symptoms. If you were leader of a group that had groupthink potential, what could you do to prevent it?
Q:
The text describes both situational and individual personal factors associated with conformity. Describe these.
Q:
Identify four explicit and four implicit norms that operate in relation to this class. What function(s) does (do) norms serve in a group setting?
Q:
Illustrate Hersey and Blanchard's contingency model of leadership. Incorporating the variables associated with each of the four styles of leadership presented in the text, identify a situation where that leadership style would be most appropriate.
Q:
If you're interested in beconing a leader, it may be helpful to know your strengths and weaknesses. Tubss presents several practical tips in the form of questions to help assess your suitability for a leadership position. Choose six questions, and answer them as you assess your personal leadership potential.
Q:
Robbins and Finley (1995) advise us on how to be an effective leader. Using the 14 practical tips, evaluate your own effectiveness as a leader.
Q:
I'm in a group and want to be the leader. Given your knowledge of the trait theory and familiarity with Geier's five negative traits that prevent people from becoming leaders, advice would you have for me?
Q:
The text provides a historical perspective on the trends related to leadership. Discuss evolution of leadership theory from trait theory through contingency theory.
Q:
French and Raven (1959) provide five types of power. List and define each type of power.
Q:
Explain the difference between "ascribed" and "attained" status. Give examples of each.
Q:
According to Posner and Kouzes (1996), without _____________, you cannot lead.
Q:
______________ behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard, is the extent to which the leader engages in defining roles.
Q:
The phenomenon that a pinpoint of light projected on a wall appears to move even when we know it is stationary is called the _____________.
Q:
Standardized patterns of belief, attitude, communication and behavior within groups are called _____________.
Q:
Instilling a sense of power in subordinates is referred to as ______________
Q:
The type of followership that is considered to be rebellious and anti-authoritarian is called _____________.
Q:
Quality of group output has been found to be better under ______________ leadership.
Q:
According to function theory, the two functions that groups must perform are ______________ orientation and ______________ orientation.
Q:
The leadership theory that someone can become leader because that person was at the right place at the right time is called ______________ theory.
Q:
A very heavy and soft person has what type of somatotype? __________
Q:
______________ theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.
Trait
Q:
______________ power is based on the identification with the source of power, for example, having admiration for someone.
Q:
Statuses based on inborn characteristics such as gender are called ______________ statuses, while statuses that individuals gained through their own efforts are called ____________ statuses.
Q:
The prestige that goes to a person on the merits of his/her own individual accomplishments is called ______________ status.
Q:
______________ is defined as one's position or rank relative to the others in a group.
Q:
The desired outcome of any group is to come to unanimous consent on a decision.
Q:
According to recent research, virtual groups face the SAME issues around social influences and group norm creation as face-to-face groups.
Q:
One of the lessons Posner and Kouzes (1996) present is that credibility is the foundation of leadership.
Q:
According to Posner and Kouzes (1996) leadership cannot be learned.
Q:
According to Hersey and Blanchard, the need for leadership intervention is related to the amount of readiness.
Q:
Hersey and Blanchard suggest that for people with low readiness, the need for socioemotional support is no longer as important as the need for greater freedom.
Q:
Group cohesiveness begins to emerge in the third of four phases of group development.
Q:
Avoiding groupthink helps produce more creative and unique ideas to help groups succeed.
Q:
A good leader, with good ideas and exciting directions, can generate enthusiasm, support, and cohesion in a group or organization.
Q:
"Rules" are the written or unwritten laws or codes that identify acceptable behavior.
Q:
According to Fiedler's Contingency Leadership Model, task structure is considered as "weak" or "strong."
Q:
The counterdependent person is one who can either take over and lead when the situation demands or follow the lead of others when that role is more appropriate.
Q:
Larson (1993) found that the most effective leaders were those who created a process in which people have more autonomy.
Q:
The laissez-faire leader fosters more independence than the autocratic or democratic leader.
Q:
Functions or behaviors that groups must perform are identifiable behaviors that can be learned by anybody.
Q:
Recent research into leadership has suggested that there are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success as a leader.
Q:
Circumstances theory grew out of the idea that leaders are born, not made.
Q:
According to the text, research studies have shown that the "mesomorph" emerges more often as leader than does the "endomorph," and the "endomorph" emerges more often as the leader than does the "ectomorph."
Q:
The power someone has over us because of his/her position, such as a teacher, is considered referent power.
Q:
Research on flattery as a form of power upholds the belief that "flattery will get you everywhere."
Q:
Ascribed status is the prestige that goes to people by virtue of their birth.
Q:
These rules outline how decisions are made within the group and how strictly outlined The group norms are:
A. Boundary
B. Aggregation
C. Position
D. Information
Q:
Which of the following is one of the 10 lessons identified by Posner and Kouzes (1996)?
A. Leadership is an ongoing process
B. Strong leaders are always effective
C. Leaders can make mistakes, too
D. Leadership's development is self-development
Q:
According to Hersey and Blanchard, which of the following IS NOT one of the decisions needed when determining the appropriate leadership style?
A. What is the readiness of the situation?
B. How much commitment do the workers have to the company?
C. What leadership action should be taken?
D. What follow-up, if any, is required?
Q:
The four basic leadership styles presented by Hersey and Blanchard are telling, selling, participating, and:
A. guiding
B. delegating
C. explaining
D. encouraging
Q:
Which of the following is considered relationship behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard?
A. goal-setting
B. organizing
C. communicating
D. directing
Q:
Which of the following is considered task behavior, according to Hersey and Blanchard?
A. giving support
B. active listening
C. providing feedback
D. establishing time lines
Q:
Phase four in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:
A. trying to find out about one another
B. settling in to work comfortably as a group
C. arguing over procedures as well as task issues
D. working at maximum productivity
Q:
Phase three in group development is referred to as:
A. reinforcement
B. orientation
C. conflict
D. emergence
Q:
Phase two in group development, as described in the text, is characterized by:
A. trying to find out about one another
B. settling in to work comfortably as a group
C. arguing over procedures as well as task issues
D. working at maximum productivity
Q:
Groups that are particularly vulnerable to groupthink have all BUT ONE of the following characteristics:
A. they are highly cohesive
B. they have an autocratic leadership style
C. they have a high need for affiliation
D. they are a strongly homogenous group
Q:
According to Janis, which is NOT a symptom of "groupthink"?
A. an illusion of morality
B. an illusion of fairness
C. an illusion of invulnerability
D. an illusion of unanimity
Q:
According to Leavitt, the stage of conformity pressure in which group members attempt to appeal to the deviant's social needs is known as:
A. isolation
B. coercion
C. reason
D. seduction
Q:
In Leavitt's qualitative study of the four stages of conformity pressure, which is the third stage that groups exhibit?
A. isolation
B. reason
C. coercion
D. seduction
Q:
Which of the following is a finding of the conformity research?
A. Conformists are higher in ego strength and in their ability to work in stress situations
B. Conformists tend toward feelings of superiority
C. Conformists are less intelligent
D. Conformists make better leaders than do nonconformists
Q:
Which of the following is a result of conformity research?
A. Group pressure seldom, if ever, produces conformity
B. Yielding to the group is greater on difficult decisions than on easy ones
C. Personality is the single largest factor in conformity behavior
D. Older people conform less than younger people
Q:
The process of changing the viewpoint of the MAJORITY is called:
A. Conversion
B. Normative influence
C. Informational influence
D. Minority influence
Q:
Readiness level, according to Hersey and Blanchard, can be defined in all but one of the following ways:
A. ability of group members
B. desire to work together
C. level of motivation
D. level of education or experience with the particular task
Q:
According to the Hersey and Blanchard Model, participating goes best with:
A. a higher level of follower readiness
B. the highest level of follower maturity
C. a moderate amount of both follower readiness and maturity
D. a low level of readiness and maturity
Q:
Which of the following IS NOT one of the factors that determine a leader's effectiveness, according to Fiedler and Chemers (1974)?
A. task structure
B. position power
C. leader-member relations
D. personal charisma
Q:
Leadership theories that are highly consistent with the systems approach utilized in the text are called ___________ theories.
A. functional
B. trait
C. contingency
D. circumstances
Q:
Research has shown that followers contribute _______________ percent to the success of the organization while the leader contributes ______________ percent.
A. 80; 20
B. 20; 80
C. 40; 60
D. 60; 40
Q:
The military, organized religions, and government and industrial organizations frequently produce what type of followership?
A. dependent
B. counter-dependent
C. independent
D. both dependent and independent
Q:
According to leadership coach John Hamm, ______________ is a leader's single most critical management tool for making things happen.
A. a good management team
B. effective technical support
C. having autonomy
D. effective communication
Q:
Which type of leadership results in the highest long-term member satisfaction?
A. autocratic
B. democratic
C. laissez-faire
D. they are about equal
Q:
Which type of leadership requires the least time to solve problems in the short run?
A. autocratic
B. democratic
C. laissez-faire
D. they are about equal
Q:
An independent follower requires an empowering leader. Research suggests that the practice of employees leads to independent followership styles:
A. empowering
B. educating
C. forcing
D. encouraging
Q:
The type of leadership where there is no concern for control, no direction, and no concern for interpersonal relationships is:
A. autocratic
B. laissez-faire
C. democratic
D. leaderless
Q:
Which of the following is characteristic of an autocratic or authoritarian leader?
A. comes to meetings late
B. at times encourages group members to discuss irrelevant matters at length
C. allows group discussion to flow in any direction
D. often starts meetings with little or no introduction
Q:
The leader who has little concern for people and is primarily concerned about task completion is the:
A. autocrat
B. laissez-faire
C. democrat
D. both A and C
Q:
The notions of task and people orientation are central aspects of what leadership theory?
A. trait
B. function
C. circumstances
D. contingency
Q:
A study published in the Harvard Business Review asked leaders, "How can people become authentic leaders?" Results found that:
A. Authentic leaders have a solid education base, such as college or graduate school.
B. There are no universal characteristics, traits, or styles that lead to success.
C. Authentic leaders have followed specific role models.
D. Most authentic leaders have overcome some trauma in life such as a dealth of a loved one, bankruptcy, or serious disease.
Q:
Geier (1967) identified five negative traits that consistently prevented group members from emerging as leaders. Which of the following IS NOT one of those traits?
A. nonparticipative
B. verbally abusive or offensive
C. interpersonally unattractive
D. uninformed
Q:
The idea of being "at the right place at the right time" is basic to what leadership theory?
A. trait
B. function
C. circumstances
D. contingency