Q&A Hero

Q: Lucy wanted to know what percentage of students plan to attend graduate or professional schools after college, so she distributed a survey in three of her classes. Based on the results, Lucy concluded that nearly a third of college students plan to continue their education further. What is wrong with the way Lucy used the statistics from her survey? a. Lucys sample isnt representative of college students as a whole. b. Lucy didnt use statistical measures correctly when presenting the results. c. Lucy rounded her results instead of presenting the exact numbers. d. all of the above e. b and c only

Q: In a speech about valley fever, a potentially deadly disease that has reached serious proportions in several southwestern states, a speaker said: After being plagued by asthma attacks in Hawaii for six years, Lori Crown hoped to find relief by moving to the dryer climate in Bakersfield, California. A few months after arriving in Bakersfield, Crown was suffering from severe headaches, swollen feet, painful bumps on her hands and legs, and a prolonged fever. The diagnosisvalley fever. To combat the disease, Crown has to take fluconazole, an antifungal drug that costs $685 for a one-month supply of pills. Although the drug helps, Crown still gets painful headaches, frequent fevers, and debilitating fatigue. Its so frustrating, Crown says. One day Ill feel fine, then Ill be in bed for the next three. Most days she wishes she had stayed in Hawaii. According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material is used in this statement? a. scientific example b. extended example c. hypothetical example d. illustrative example e. expert example

Q: According to your textbook, what kind of supporting materials is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine this: You have spent most of the night studying for an exam. But when you get up the next morning ready to take the test, you go to your front door and it wont open. So you head to the back door, and it wont open either. You are stuck in the house. It would be pretty frustrating, wouldnt it? This is exactly the kind of frustration wheelchair-bound students feel when they cant get to class because of the snow. a. emotional example b. causal example c. metaphorical example d. synthetic example e. hypothetical example

Q: Jeff began his speech by saying: Imagine that you are on a deserted islandpalm trees sway in the breeze, the warm sun is on your face, and the smell of tropical flowers is in the air. Suddenly, the sound of distant drums breaks your euphoria. What do you dopanic? What would you do if you found yourself in such a situation? What kind of supporting material did Jeff use in his introduction? a. peer testimony b. extended metaphor c. synthetic example d. artificial simile e. hypothetical example

Q: According to your textbook, what kind of supporting material is used in the following speech excerpt: Imagine yourself driving down the freeway on your way to work. You see lights flashing in your rear-view mirror. You turn to see the police officer pulling you over. Were you speeding? No, says the officer, but he needs to search your vehicle as part of a new program to stop drug trafficking. Does he have a warrant? He says he doesnt need one. You protest, but the officer carries out his search anyway. The officer finds nothing, but by the time he is done, you are very late for work. a. analogical example b. hypothetical example c. causal example d. synthetic example e. metaphorical example

Q: According to your textbook, an imaginary story that makes a general point is called a(n) a. mythical example. b. artificial example. c. spurious example. d. hypothetical example. e. synthetic example.

Q: According to your textbook, a(n) __________ is an imaginary story that makes a general point. a. fable b. illustration c. simulated example d. hypothetical example e. anecdote

Q: According to your textbook, what kind of supporting materials are used in the following speech excerpt: Not all Hollywood marriages are doomed to quick failure. Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson have been together for 23 years, as have Kevin Bacon and Kyra Sedgwick. Denzel and Pauletta Washington have been married for 28 years, Billy and Janice Crystal for 41 years, and Bill and Camille Cosby for 47 years. a. brief examples b. synthetic examples c. repetitive examples d. enumerated examples e. informative examples

Q: Alisha began the introduction of her speech by saying: Have you ever been knocked down so hard by life that you didnt feel youd ever get back up? This has happened to me many times, the first being when I tried to ride a bicycle when I was very young. Today I want to discuss with you some basic strategies for coping with lifes challenges. What kind of supporting material did Alisha use in her introduction? a. expert testimony b. brief example c. metaphor d. hypothetical example e. simile

Q: Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are combined with __________ that show(s) the examples to be typical. a. analogies b. causal reasoning c. credibility statements d. emotional appeals e. statistics

Q: Your textbook presents each of the following as a tip for using examples in a speech except a. use examples to personalize your ideas. b. practice delivery to enhance your extended examples. c. make your examples vivid and richly textured. d. combine examples with causal reasoning. e. use examples to clarify your ideas.

Q: As your textbook explains, you should use examples in your speeches in order to a. quantify your ideas. b. personalize your ideas. c. clarify your ideas d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

Q: As your textbook explains, examples help a speaker a. reinforce ideas. b. personalize ideas. c. clarify ideas. d. all of the above. e. b and c only.

Q: Examples are especially helpful as supporting materials because they a. personalize your ideas. b. are not overly technical. c. quantify a speakers ideas. d. are harder to manipulate than statistics or testimony. e. enhance the speakers credibility.

Q: Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to enhance the effectiveness of your examples? a. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples. b. Avoid using examples drawn from your personal experience. c. Make your examples vivid and richly textured. d. all of the above e. a and c only

Q: Accomplished speakers consider __________ the very life of the speech. a. statistics b. causal reasoning c. testimony d. examples e. emotional appeals

Q: The more __________ your examples, the greater impact they are likely to have. a. hypothetical b. complex c. unusual d. expert e. vivid

Q: Using __________ is the best way to pull listeners into your speeches. a. peer testimony b. statistics c. extended examples d. visual aids e. brief examples

Q: T F As your textbook explains, a speaker should almost always use words such as quote and unquote to let the audience know when the speaker is making a direct quotation. Multiple-Choice Questions (Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.)

Q: T F When you are speaking, you should cite your sources orally in such a way that they blend smoothly into your speech.

Q: T F When making oral citations in a speech, you should introduce each citation with the phrase According to . . .

Q: T F When citing information from an Internet document, it is usually sufficient for a speaker to say, I found the following information on the Web.

Q: T F The content of an oral citation in a speech depends partly on the speakers audience and on the kind of supporting material being used by the speaker.

Q: T F Oral citations in a speech should include the full address of each Web site mentioned by the speaker.

Q: T F Oral citations in a speech should follow the same format as a written bibliography.

Q: T F It is seldom a good idea to use examples and testimony in the same speech.

Q: T F Statistics are most effective in persuasive speeches, while examples and testimony work best in informative speeches.

Q: T F Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it is called quoting out of context.

Q: T F Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it is called paraphrasing.

Q: T F Examples and testimony are most effective in persuasive speeches, while statistics work best in informative speeches.

Q: T F When you use testimony in a speech, it is acceptable either to paraphrase or to use a direct quotation.

Q: T F It is seldom necessary to name the people you quote or paraphrase in a speech.

Q: T F Peer testimony is highly credible in a speech because it comes from people who are recognized experts on the topic.

Q: T F According to your textbook, it is seldom acceptable to use peer testimony in a speech.

Q: T F Using strong, credible testimony is the best way to add human interest to a speech.

Q: T F It is almost always better to cite exact numbers rather than to round statistics up or down.

Q: T F An advantage of using statistics in your speech is that numbers speak for themselves.

Q: T F It is seldom necessary to cite the source of statistics in a speech.

Q: T F Research has shown that the more statistics you use, the more effective your speech is likely to be.

Q: T F Research has shown that the effect of examples is enhanced when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

Q: T F The major advantage of statistics is that they give your ideas numerical precision.

Q: T F As your textbook explains, you need to make sure that the statistics you use in your speeches come from reliable sources.

Q: T F The mode is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

Q: T F The median is the middle number in a group of numbers arranged in order from highest to lowest.

Q: T F The median is determined by summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.

Q: T F The meanpopularly called the averageis determined by summing all the items in a group and dividing by the number of items.

Q: T F As your textbook explains, statistics are the most effective type of supporting material because they are difficult to manipulate or distort.

Q: T F Examples are an excellent way to personalize a speech because they put abstract facts and figures into vivid, human terms.

Q: T F One of the main reasons to use examples in a speech is that they put abstract ideas into concrete terms that listeners can easily understand.

Q: T F As a speaker, you should usually avoid examples when explaining complex or unfamiliar ideas.

Q: T F Because of their high credibility, you should use only factual examples in your speeches.

Q: T F Whenever you use a hypothetical example in a speech, it is usually a good idea to follow it with statistics or testimony to show that the example is realistic.

Q: T F Hypothetical examples can be especially powerful as supporting materials when they create scenarios that involve the audience.

Q: T F Because they tell a story vividly and dramatically, extended examples are a good way to pull listeners into a speech.

Q: T F Brief examples can be used either one at a time to illustrate a point or piled one upon another to create an impression.

Q: T F Examples are particularly effective as supporting materials because they help get the audience involved in a speech.

Q: T F Although examples work very well to clarify ideas in an informative speech, they are less effective in a persuasive speech.

Q: T F The three basic types of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are examples, statistics, and testimony.

Q: T F The two basic types of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are facts and opinions.

Q: T F The selection and use of supporting materials for a speech involves critical thinking skills.

Q: Your textbook calls Wikipedia a special case. Explain what makes this research resource unique and discuss how researchers can use it responsibly.

Q: What is a preliminary bibliography? Why is preparing a preliminary bibliography an important step in researching a speech?

Q: Once an interview is over, the interviewer still has two major tasks to complete the interview process. What are they and why are they important?

Q: Your textbook describes six steps an interviewer should take during a research interview to help make the interview process go smoothly. In a well-developed essay, identify and explain four of these steps.

Q: When is an interview an effective means of gathering information for a speech?

Q: Identify and explain the three criteria discussed in your textbook for assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet.

Q: What is a reference work? Identify and explain three of the kinds of reference works discussed in your textbook.

Q: When doing research, you should prepare a _______________ that includes all the books or articles you find that look as if they might be useful in your speech.

Q: What are three guidelines explained in your textbook for taking research notes efficiently? a. b. c.

Q: What two things does your textbook advise you to do after you conduct a research interview? a. b.

Q: What are the three criteria discussed in your textbook for assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet? a. b. c.

Q: The _______________ is the group that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the Internet.

Q: A _______________ is a search engine that combines Internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

Q: According to your textbook, when is it appropriate to cite an abstract of a magazine or journal article in your speech rather than locating and reading the full article?

Q: A(n) _______________ is a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

Q: Claudia is researching her speech on the use of hydrogen fuel cells as an energy source. According to your textbook, Claudia should a. make a separate entry for each note. b. take notes only from sources she knows she will cite in the speech. c. distinguish in her notes between paraphrases and direct quotations. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

Q: Antonio is researching his speech on West Nile Virus. According to your textbook, Antonio should a. make a preliminary bibliography. b. think about his research materials as he is gathering them. c. distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and his own ideas. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

Q: Ivan has decided to give his persuasive speech on stem cell research. Which of the following tips for doing research discussed in your textbook should he keep in mind as he works on the speech? a. include a subject heading on each note. b. put all the information from each source on a single note. c. use a different format for notes from Internet sources and library documents. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

Q: Which of the following is most likely to help you take research notes efficiently? a. Put all your notes from each source on a single index card or sheet of paper. b. Use a subject heading on each note to indicate what the note is about. c. Take plenty of notes, even if you are not sure you will need all the information. d. all of the above e. b and c only

Q: When taking research notes, you should a. put all notes from each source on a single index card or sheet of paper. b. record notes only when youre sure youll use the information in your speech. c. take all notes as direct quotations. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.