Q&A Hero

Q: Explain the following statement: Every speech situation contains two messagesthe one sent by the speaker and the one received by the audience.

Q: Briefly explain the following statement: To step outside your own frame of reference and see things from another persons point of view is a real achievement. Yet this is exactly what you must learn to do if you are to become a successful speaker.

Q: What does it mean to say that a public speaker should be audience-centered? At what stages in speech preparation should a speaker be concerned about being audience-centered?

Q: In constructing an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use ______________ questions when you want to give respondents maximum leeway in answering.

Q: The major advantage of using _______________ questions in an audience analysis questionnaire is that they help reveal the strength of a respondents attitudes or feelings.

Q: When used in an audience-analysis questionnaire, _______________ questions are valuable because they produce clear, unambiguous answers.

Q: According to your textbook, the five major factors to consider in situational audience analysis are: a. b. c. d. e.

Q: _______________ audience analysis identifies the traits of the audience unique to a particular speaking occasion.

Q: As a general rule, the larger your audience, the more _______________ your presentation should be.

Q: _______________ is the error of creating an oversimplified image of a group or people or assuming that all members of the group are alike.

Q: Age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic or cultural background are among the factors to be considered in _______________ audience analysis.

Q: Communication scholars use the term _______________ to refer to the process by which speakers seek to create a bond with their audiences by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.

Q: Because listeners are _______________ , they typically approach speeches by asking Why is this important to me?

Q: If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners had not signed organ donor cards, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

Q: If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn why some of your listeners do not fasten their seatbelts every time they ride in a motor vehicle, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. scale question b. leading question c. fixed-alternative question d. demographic question e. open-ended question

Q: As your textbook explains, a questionnaire item that gives the respondent the widest freedom in answering is called a(n) a. free-response question. b. open-ended question. d. scale question. e. informal question.

Q: According to your textbook, the following is an example of which type of audience-analysis question? Explain why you believe that capital punishment is moral or immoral. b. scale question c. informal question d. free-response question e.

Q: According to your textbook, the following question from a student audience-analysis questionnaire is an example of which kind of question? Draw an X below to indicate how you feel about steroid use in sports. Strongly Strongly disapprove approve a. fixed-alternative question b. attitudinal question c. open-ended question d. scale question e. degree question

Q: If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn the strength of your listeners attitudes for or against animal research, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

Q: When making up an audience analysis questionnaire, you should use __________ questions to get at the strength of a respondents attitudes or feelings. a. scale b. fixed-alternative c. leading d. open-ended e. interview

Q: According to your textbook, the following question from a student audience-analysis questionnaire is an example of what type of question? The percent of the U.S. population who speak Spanish in their homes is closest to ___ 5% ___ 10% ___ 20% ___ 30% a. leading question b. open-ended question c. demographic question d. fixed-alternative question e. scale question

Q: If you were constructing an audience-analysis questionnaire and wanted to learn how many of your listeners had ever heard of the Salem witch trials, which of the following would be the best kind of question to ask? a. demographic question b. open-ended question c. leading question d. scale question e. fixed-alternative question

Q: The major advantage of using fixed-alternative questions in an audience analysis questionnaire is that they a. enhance the credibility of the questionnaire. b. get below the surface of respondents beliefs. c. produce clear, unambiguous answers. d. give respondents maximum leeway in answering. e. require that respondents give truthful answers.

Q: Which of the following elements usually has the greatest impact on the length a speech should be? a. the audiences disposition toward the topic b. the physical setting for the speech c. the audiences attitudes toward the speaker d. the occasion for the speech e. the group membership of the audience

Q: The __________ will usually dictate how long a speech should be. a. size of the audience b. speech occasion c. physical setting d. general purpose e. topic

Q: A landlord with a bad reputation among students for her high rent, deceptive advertising, and refusal to return security deposits is speaking to a campus group about how the citys new zoning law will affect students. The most important factor the landlord should consider in her situational audience analysis is probably her listeners a. gender. b. knowledge of the topic. c. disposition toward the speaker. d. interest in the topic. e. cultural background.

Q: Gemma wants to persuade her classmates to become vegans. The most important factor for Gemma to consider when analyzing her audience is probably its a. knowledge of the topic. b. disposition toward the speaker. c. attitude toward the topic. d. disposition toward the occasion. e. racial composition.

Q: Michael is preparing a persuasive speech for class in opposition to gun control. The most important factor for Michael to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. knowledge of the topic. b. disposition toward the speaker. c. cultural background. d. religious beliefs. e. attitude toward the topic.

Q: If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about digital encryption, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the a. physical setting for the speech. b. knowledge of the audience about the topic. c. size of the audience. d. occupation of the audience. e. group membership of the audience.

Q: If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience on Global Positioning Systems technology, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the a. group membership of the audience. b. size of the audience. c. knowledge of the audience about the topic. d. gender of the audience. e. physical setting for the speech.

Q: Fran Breit, the golf pro at a local municipal course, has been asked by a social club to give a talk about how to play golf. What is probably the most important factor for Fran to consider in preparing her presentation? a. the age of the audience b. the racial background of the audience c. the time of day the talk will be given d. the audiences knowledge of the topic e. the audiences disposition toward the speaker

Q: If you were giving an informative speech to your public speaking class about recent developments in planetary astronomy, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. age. b. knowledge about the topic. c. disposition toward the speaker. d. ethnic background. e. physical setting.

Q: Dimitri plans to give a speech to his classmates about the principles of physics behind the design of hybrid automobiles. The most important factor for Dimitri to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. age. b. group membership. c. attitude toward the speaker. d. knowledge about the topic. e. size.

Q: According to your textbook, what are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audiences disposition toward a speech topic? a. gender, knowledge, and opinions b. interest, background, and age c. size, occasion, and group membership d. knowledge, interest, and attitude e. background, situation, and gender

Q: You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the a. age of your audience. b. audiences attitude toward you. c. physical setting for your speech. d. education of your audience. e. gender of your audience.

Q: As the size of your audience increases, your presentation should usually become more a. formal. b. flexible. c. extemporaneous. d. punctual. e. informal.

Q: Which of the following is a factor to consider in situational audience analysis? a. gender b. group membership c. attitude toward the topic d. all of the above e. a and c only

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis? a. the audiences cultural background b. the audiences religious beliefs c. the audiences group membership d. the audiences gender e. the audiences attitude toward the topic

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a situational characteristic of a speech audience? a. gender b. size c. religion d. group membership e. age

Q: As explained in your textbook, __________ audience analysis usually builds on demographic audience analysis. a. psychological b. descriptive c. occupational d. background e. situational

Q: According to your textbook, you should always combine demographic audience analysis with __________ audience analysis. a. scientific b. educational c. informational d. situational e. occupational

Q: Ramona is preparing a persuasive speech on environmental issues to present to members of the National Wildlife Federation. The most important factor Ramona should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its a. age. b. group membership. c. education. d. ethnic background. e. knowledge of the topic.

Q: If you were giving a persuasive speech on gun control to members of the National Rifle Association, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be the a. size of your audience. b. group membership of your audience. c. economic standing of your audience. d. education of your audience. e. knowledge of your audience.

Q: If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience arguing that all children should be required to use standard English in the public schools, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be a. the age of the audience. b. the physical setting for the speech. c. the ethnic background of the audience. d. the time of day for the speech. e. the size of the audience.

Q: If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the issue of illegal immigration, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. size. b. gender. c. ethnic background. d. sexual orientation. e. education.

Q: As part of his economics seminar, Geraldo has been invited to give a persuasive speech to a community audience on the subject of Social Security. The most important factor for Geraldo to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its a. occupation. b. gender. c. sexual orientation. d. education. e. age.

Q: If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about the war in Vietnam, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be the a. sexual orientation of the audience. b. economic standing of the audience. c. gender of the audience. d. age of the audience. e. education of the audience.

Q: If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience on the presidency of John F. Kennedy, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. age. b. religion. c. economic standing. d. gender. e. group membership.

Q: If you were giving a persuasive speech on Medicare to members of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the a. age of the audience. b. gender of the audience. c. audiences attitude toward the speaker. d. physical setting of the speech. e. size of the audience.

Q: If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience on the subject of mandatory retirement, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be its a. economic standing. b. group membership. c. gender. d. age. e. education.

Q: Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called a. egocentrism. b. genotyping. c. sensationalism. d. stereotyping. e. ethnocentrism.

Q: According to your textbook, when analyzing demographic information about your audience, it is essential that you avoid a. fallacies. b. relativism. c. emotionalism. d. egocentrism. e. stereotyping.

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. interest b. attitude c. size d. gender e. knowledge

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. age b. interest c. size d. attitude e. knowledge

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. their size b. their sexual orientation c. their attitude toward the speaker d. their knowledge about the subject e. their attitude toward the occasion

Q: According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience? a. knowledge about the subject b. attitude toward the speaker c. interest in the topic d. physical setting e. cultural background

Q: As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in __________ audience analysis. a. situational b. psychological c. demographic d. preliminary e. descriptive

Q: One of the ways speakers analyze audiences is by looking at traits such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, group membership, and racial, ethnic and cultural background. According to your textbook, what is this called? a. demographic audience analysis b. psychological audience analysis c. background audience analysis d. situational audience analysis e. descriptive audience analysis

Q: What are the two types of audience analysis discussed in your textbook? a. demographic and situational b. personal and impersonal c. occupational and educational d. psychological and sociological e. descriptive and analytical

Q: The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups. b. listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speakers frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: The fact that audiences are egocentric means that a. listeners interpret what you say on the basis of what they know and believe. b. listeners believe that their cultural group is superior to all other groups. c. listeners interpret the speech through the speakers frame of reference. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

Q: To say that people usually want to hear about things that are meaningful to them is to say that people are a. empathetic. b. eclectic. c. egotistic. d. egalitarian. e. egocentric.

Q: In her speech introduction, Suya said, Though we are all very different, we are all students here at this university and are all working toward the completion of a degree. Unfortunately, because of rising tuition, some of us may lose the ability to continue in school. According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through emphasizing their common goals and experiences, Suya was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. framing.

Q: In her speech introduction, Kailyn asked, Have you ever looked through old family photo albums and laughed at what people were wearing? Have you ever been amused by the bright colors, huge lapels, and crazy ties worn by characters in old TV shows? Like many of you, Ive noticed the changes in fashion and feared that my effort to look stylish today may eventually be a source of amusement to my future children. According to your textbook, by seeking to create a bond with her audience through emphasizing their common experiences and fears, Kailyn was engaging in a. identification. b. stereotyping. c. ethnocentrism. d. comparison. e. inclusion.

Q: The process by which a speaker seeks to create a bond with listeners by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences is referred to as ___________ by communication scholars. a. framing b. identification c. egocentrism d. structuring e. affiliation

Q: Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following steps of the speechmaking process? a. formulating a specific purpose b. writing an introduction and conclusion c. choosing visual aids d. all of the above e. a and b only

Q: Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following? a. choosing the speech topic b. preparing the speech c. presenting the speech d. all of the above e. a and b only

Q: Audience analysis is an important factor in which of the following? a. selecting a topic b. organizing the speech c. choosing supporting materials d. all of the above e. a and c only

Q: Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should a. keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. b. use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. c. avoid choosing topics that are controversial. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. display the speakers skills as a speaker. b. use language to manipulate people. c. gain a desired response from listeners. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.

Q: As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to a. gain a desired response from listeners. b. learn more about the speech topic. c. gain experience as a speaker. d. try out new ideas with an audience. e. display the speakers knowledge.

Q: T F When you construct an audience-analysis questionnaire, open-ended questions are especially valuable because they usually generate clear, unambiguous responses. Multiple-Choice Questions (Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.)

Q: T F When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions give respondents the maximum leeway in responding.

Q: T F When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, scale questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondents attitudes.

Q: T F When you construct an audience analysis questionnaire, fixed-alternative questions are especially useful for getting at the strength of a respondents attitudes.

Q: T F Keeping speeches within strict time limits is an artificial constraint of classroom speeches and is less important for speeches outside the classroom.

Q: T F No matter what the occasion, listeners will have fairly definite expectations about the kinds of speeches appropriate for the occasion.

Q: T F The more people know about a topic, the more likely they are to be interested in it.

Q: T F Interest, knowledge, and attitude are the three most important factors to consider when determining an audiences disposition toward a speakers topic.

Q: T F Knowing how the physical setting might affect your listeners receptivity to your ideas is an important factor in situational audience analysis.