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Q:
Cartons of Plaster of Paris are supposed to weigh exactly 32 oz. Inspectors want to develop process control charts. They take ten samples of six boxes each and weigh them. Based on the following data, compute the lower and upper control limits and determine whether the process is in control. Sample
Mean
Range 1
33.8
1.1 2
34.6
0.3 3
34.7
0.4 4
34.1
0.7 5
34.2
0.3 6
34.3
0.4 7
33.9
0.5 8
34.1
0.8 9
34.2
0.4 10
34.4
0.3
Q:
Failure to check the background of a new hire can led to a negligent hiring lawsuit.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A small, independent amusement park collects data on the number of cars with out-of-state license plates. The sample size is fixed at n=25 each day. Data from the previous 10 days indicate the following number of out-of-state license plates: Day
Out-of-state Plates 1
6 2
4 3
5 4
7 5
8 6
3 7
4 8
5 9
3 10
11 (a) Calculate the overall proportion of "tourists" (cars with out-of-state plates) and the standard deviation of proportions.
(b) Using 3σ limits, calculate the LCL and UCL for these data.
(c) Is the process under control? Explain.
Q:
The job specifications list the duties the incumbent is expected to perform.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The defect rate for a product has historically been about 1.6%. What are the upper and lower control chart limits for a p-chart, if you wish to use a sample size of 100 and 3-sigma limits?
Q:
Payroll is only a moderate expense for most small businesses.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An operator trainee is attempting to monitor a filling process that has an overall average of 705 cc. The average range is 17 cc. If you use a sample size of 6, what are the upper and lower control limits for the x-bar chart and R-chart?
Q:
Universities are good sources of candidates for positions that require a high level of experience.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Weight Day
Package 1
Package 2
Package 3
Package 4 Monday
23
22
23
24 Tuesday
23
21
19
21 Wednesday
20
19
20
21 Thursday
18
19
20
19 Friday
18
20
22
20 (a) If he sets an upper control limit of 21 and a lower control limit of 19 around the target value of twenty ounces, the control chart is based on what value of z?
(b) With the UCL and LCL of part a, what do you conclude about this processis it in control?
Answer:
Q:
Executive search firms should only be used by large companies because of their cost.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A quality analyst wants to construct a sample mean chart for controlling a packaging process. He knows from past experience that the process standard deviation is two ounces. Each day last week, he randomly selected four packages and weighed each. The data from that activity appear below. Weight Day
Package 1
Package 2
Package 3
Package 4 Monday
23
22
23
24 Tuesday
23
21
19
21 Wednesday
20
19
20
21 Thursday
18
19
20
19 Friday
18
20
22
20 (a) Calculate all sample means and the mean of all sample means.
(b) Calculate upper and lower 2-sigma x-bar chart control limits that allow for natural variations.
(c) Based on the x-bar chart, is this process in control?
Q:
What is the difference between natural and assignable causes of variation?
Q:
Temporary help agencies are good sources of employees when extensive training is required.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Examine the Statistical Process Control outputs below. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the sample size?
b. What is the number of samples?
c. What is the mean of sample 8; what is the range of sample 10?
d.. Is this process in control? Explain--a simple Yes or No is insufficient.
e. What additional steps should the quality assurance team take?
Q:
Training should not be necessary for a new employee to perform the duties for which he or she has been hired.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Why do range charts exist? Aren't x-bar charts enough?
Q:
The goal of recruitment is to obtain a pool of applicants large enough to contain a number of talented prospects.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What are the three possible results (or findings) from the use of control charts?
Q:
As a firm grows, it experiences pressure to formalize its personnel policies and procedures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Briefly explain what the Central Limit Theorem has to do with control charts.
Q:
Public employment offices are a useful source of clerical workers, unskilled laborers, production workers, and technicians.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What is the basic objective of a process control system?
Q:
The quality of a firms employees determines the firms potential.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The use of temporary employees provides management with an introduction to individuals whose performance may justify an offer of permanent employment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
PEOs typically charge a fee of at least 7 percent of payroll to a small business.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The ________ is a quality control chart used to control the number of defects per unit of output.
Q:
The ________ is a quality control chart that indicates when changes occur in the central tendency of a production process.
Q:
The small firm has a particularly strong need to develop both managerial and professional employees.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If a process has only natural variations, ________ percent of the time the sample averages will fall inside the 3-sigma control limits.
Q:
The ________ -chart is the chief way to control attributes.
Q:
________ is variation in a production process that can be traced to specific causes.
Q:
A small business can facilitate the orientation process by providing an employee handbook, which outlines the company's practices and procedures.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The hiring practices at 37signals support small firms using additional test drives even if a prospective employee has passed a reliable and valid test.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A run test is used:
A) to examine variability in acceptance sampling plans.
B) in acceptance sampling to establish control.
C) to examine points in a control chart to check for natural variability.
D) to examine points in a control chart to check for nonrandom variability.
E) to test the validity of the Central Limit Theorem.
Q:
A nationwide parcel delivery service keeps track of the number of late deliveries (more than 30 minutes past the time promised to clients) per day. They plan on using a control chart to plot their results. Which type of control chart(s) would you recommend?
A) both x-bar chart and R-chart
B) p-chart
C) c-chart
D) x-bar chart
E) both p-chart and c-chart
Q:
The balance of the U.S. workforce is rapidly shifting toward higher proportions of women, older workers, and racial minorities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A manufacturer uses statistical process control to control the quality of the firm's products. Samples of 50 of Product A are taken, and a defective/acceptable decision is made on each unit sampled. For Product B, the number of flaws per unit is counted. What type(s) of control charts should be used?
A) p-charts for both A and B
B) p-chart for A, c-chart for B
C) c-charts for both A and B
D) p-chart for A, mean and range charts for B
E) c-chart for A, mean and range charts for B
Q:
The local newspaper receives several complaints per day about typographic errors. Over a seven-day period, the publisher has received calls from readers reporting the following total daily number of errors: 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 3, and 9. Based on these data alone, what type of control chart(s) should the publisher use?
A) p-chart
B) c-chart
C) x-bar chart
D) R-chart
E) x-bar chart and R-chart
Q:
When innovation is important to a firms competitiveness, the company should steer clear of hiring minorities.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The fees charged by a private employment agency are paid by the hiring firm, not the applicant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The c-chart signals whether there has been a:
A) gain or loss in uniformity.
B) change in the number of defects per unit.
C) change in the central tendency of the process output.
D) change in the percent defective in a sample.
E) change in the AOQ.
Q:
Human resource management of small firms should be identical to large companies but adjusted for size.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What is the statistical process chart used to control the number of defects per unit of output?
A) x-bar chart
B) R-chart
C) p-chart
D) AOQ chart
E) c-chart
Q:
Small firms need to identify their distinctive advantages if they are to recruit outstanding prospects successfully.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The normal application of a p-chart is in:
A) process sampling by variables.
B) acceptance sampling by variables.
C) process sampling by attributes.
D) acceptance sampling by attributes.
E) process capability ratio computations.
Q:
Small firms suffer a recruiting handicap because of the ability of large companies to offer more freedom on the job.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is true of a p-chart?
A) The lower control limit is found by subtracting a fraction from the average number of defects.
B) The lower control limit indicates the minimum acceptable number of defects.
C) The lower control limit equals D3 times p-bar.
D) The lower control limit may be at zero.
E) The lower control limit is the same as the lot tolerance percent defective.
Q:
The purpose of job instruction training is to help supervisors eliminate employees who are weak hires.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the text, what is the most common choice of limits for control charts?
A) 1 standard deviation
B) 2 standard deviations
C) 3 standard deviations
D) 3 standard deviations for means and 2 standard deviations for ranges
E) 6 standard deviations
Q:
To set x-bar chart upper and lower control limits, one must know the process central line, which is the:
A) average of the sample means.
B) total number of defects in the population.
C) percent defects in the population.
D) size of the population.
E) average range.
Q:
ESOPs can motivate employees as well as allow for owners to withdraw from a business without having to sell the firm to outsiders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Plots of sample ranges indicate that the most recent value is below the lower control limit. What course of action would you recommend?
A) Since there is no obvious pattern in the measurements, variability is in control.
B) One value outside the control limits is insufficient to warrant any action.
C) Lower than expected dispersion is a desirable condition; there is no reason to investigate.
D) The process is out of control; reject the last units produced.
E) Variation is not in control; investigate what created this condition.
Q:
The Internet is a low-cost, effective tool for recruiting qualified candidates.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A manager wishes to build a 3-sigma range chart for a process. The sample size is five, the mean of sample means is 16.01, and the average range is 5.3. From Table S6.1, the appropriate value of D3 is 0, and D4 is 2.115. What are the UCL and LCL, respectively, for this range chart?
A) 33.9 and 11.2
B) 33.9 and 0
C) 11.2 and 0
D) 6.3 and 0
E) 31.91 and 0.11
Q:
Most small businesses now use flexible benefit plans so employees can select the benefits they wish to receive.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The usual purpose of an R-chart is to signal whether there has been a:
A) gain or loss in dispersion.
B) change in the percent defective in a sample.
C) change in the central tendency of the process output.
D) change in the number of defects in a sample.
E) change in the consumer's risk.
Q:
The cost of using a headhunter makes using their services unrealistic for small businesses.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If = 23 ounces, σ = 0.4 ounces, and n = 16, what will be the 3σ control limits for the x-bar chart?
A) 21.8 to 24.2 ounces
B) 23 ounces
C) 22.70 to 23.30 ounces
D) 22.25 to 23.75 ounces
E) 22.90 to 23.10 ounces
Q:
Small firms must be exceed large firms in wage and salary levels in order to attract well-qualified personnel.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because outsourcing companies typically employ hundreds or thousands of people, they can afford to offer benefits superior to those offered by the typical small firm.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jars of pickles are sampled and weighed. Sample measures are plotted on control charts. The ideal weight should be precisely 11 oz. Which type of chart(s) would you recommend?
A) p-chart
B) c-chart
C) both an x-bar chart and an R-chart
D) an x-bar chart, but not an R-chart
E) both a p-chart and a c-chart
Q:
Released employees are much less likely to sue if they feel their former employer provided ample opportunities to improve their performance before being fired and the company was fair throughout the process.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A manager wants to build 3-sigma x-bar control limits for a process. The target value for the mean of the process is 10 units, and the standard deviation of the process is 6. If samples of size 9 are to be taken, what will be the upper and lower control limits, respectively?
A) -8 and 28
B) 16 and 4
C) 12 and 8
D) 4 and 16
E) 8 and 12
Q:
Orientation refers to instructions given during the interview with an applicant.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Up to three standard deviations above or below the centerline is the amount of variation that statistical process control allows for:
A) Type I errors.
B) about 95.5% variation.
C) natural variation.
D) all types of variation.
E) assignable variation.
Q:
For a 3-sigma x-bar chart where the process standard deviation is known, the upper control limit:
Q:
Although research has shown a growth in spending on training, much of the training is not actually applied on the job.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Continual training is necessary to update knowledge and skills in firms of all sizes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Central Limit Theorem:
A) is the theoretical foundation of the c-chart.
B) states that the average of assignable variations is zero.
C) allows managers to use the normal distribution as the basis for building some control charts.
D) states that the average range can be used as a proxy for the standard deviation.
E) controls the steepness of an operating characteristic curve.
Q:
By following constructive personnel policies, small firms can improve the relationship between management and a union.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Statistical process control charts:
A) display the measurements on every item being produced.
B) display upper and lower limits for process variables or attributes and signal when a process is no longer in control.
C) indicate to the process operator the average outgoing quality of each lot.
D) indicate to the operator the true quality of material leaving the process.
E) are a graphic way of classifying problems by their level of importance, often referred to as the 80-20 rule.
Q:
Profit-sharing is of little use as an incentive in small companies because profits are often too small to share.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An x-bar control chart was examined and no data points fell outside of the limits. Can this process be considered in control?
A) Not yet, there could be a pattern to the points.
B) Not yet, the R-chart must be checked.
C) Not yet, the number of samples must be known.
D) Yes.
E) Both A and B
Q:
A sales commission compensation plan is a type of time-based compensation system.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Ten samples of a process measuring the number of returns per 100 receipts were taken for a local retail store. The number of returns were 10, 9, 11, 7, 3, 12, 8, 4, 6, and 11. Find the standard deviation of the sampling distribution for the p-bar chart.
A) There is not enough information to answer the question.
B) .081
C) 8.1
D) .0273
E) .0863
Q:
The source that accounts for most new hires is help-wanted ads in newspapers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A process that is assumed to be in control with limits of 89 2 had sample averages for the x-bar chart of the following: 87.1, 87, 87.2, 89, 90, 88.5, 89.5, and 88. Is the process in control?
A) Yes.
B) No, one or more averages exceeded the limits.
C) Not enough information to tell.
D) No, there is a distinguishable trend.
E) No, two or more consecutive points are very near the lower (or upper) limit.
Q:
Most small businesses complete their own background investigations of job applicants by using information readily available online.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Red Top Cab Company receives multiple complaints per day about driver behavior. Over 9 days the owner recorded the number of calls to be 3, 0, 8, 9, 6, 7, 4, 9, and 8. What is the upper control limit for the 3-sigma c-chart?
A) 13.35
B) 8.45
C) 24.00
D) 0.00
E) 9.03
Q:
Small companies are more likely than larger firms to employ immigrants.
a. True
b. False