Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is the key indicator of whether or not a hypothesis can be supported? A.critical value B.significance level C.chi-square D.degrees of freedom

Q: The opposite of the null hypothesis is called the ______ hypothesis. A.pure B.alpha C.alternative D.secondary

Q: Which type of statistical analysis test hypotheses involves only one variable? A.primary statistical analysis B.bivariate statistical analysis C.univariate statistical analysis D.monovariate statistical analysis

Q: A hypothesis test of a proportion is conceptually similar to hypothesis testing when the mean is the characteristic of interest.

Q: The c2 distribution is a single probability curve.

Q: A t-test is appropriate for testing hypotheses about frequencies arranged in a frequency or contingency table.

Q: The logic behind the chi-square test is to compare the observed frequencies with the expected frequencies in the data set.

Q: A two-tailed t-test is appropriate when the researcher has a directional hypothesis implying that an observed mean can only be greater than or less than a hypothesized value.

Q: Degrees of freedom are determined by the number of distinct calculations that are possible given a set of information.

Q: The t-test is strictly appropriate for tests involving sample sizes larger than 30 with known standard deviations.

Q: A univariate t-test is appropriate for testing hypotheses involving some observed mean against some specified value.

Q: Nominal scales typically use parametric statistical tests.

Q: Nonparametric statistical tests are frequently referred to as distribution free.

Q: Nonparametric statistics are based on the assumption that the data in the study are drawn from a population with a normal (bell-shaped) distribution and/or normal sampling distribution.

Q: The two major groupings of statistical procedures are parametric statistics and nonparametric statistics.

Q: The scale of measurement used by the researcher determines the allowable statistical techniques in the research study.

Q: In business problems, Type II errors generally are considered more serious than Type I errors.

Q: A Type II error occurs when you reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is true.

Q: A Type I error occurs when you fail to reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

Q: The researcher using sampling runs the risk of committing two types of errors: Type I and Type II errors.

Q: In hypothesis testing, the values of t that lie on the boundary of the region of rejection are called the critical values.

Q: In hypothesis testing, the symbol typically used to specify the significance level of the test is b.

Q: The termp-value stands for power-value.

Q: A significance level is a critical probability associated with a statistical hypothesis test that indicates how likely it is that an inference supporting a difference between an observed value and some statistical expectation is true.

Q: A statistical test's significance level or p-value becomes a key indicator of whether or not a hypothesis can be supported.

Q: The researcher's hypothesis is generally stated in the form of a null hypothesis.

Q: Multivariate statistic analyses require five or more variables.

Q: Univariate statistical analysis tests hypotheses involving only one variable.

Q: Explain the process and importance of interpretation in business research.

Q: Explain the components of a box and whisker plot.

Q: Explain what an index number is and how it is computed. What level of measurement is required to compute index numbers?

Q: Explain what a contingency table is and discuss how it is useful in business research.

Q: What is descriptive analysis and how is it used in marketing research?

Q: Making inferences about the data and drawing conclusions about the implications suggested by a research study is called ______.

Q: A value that lies far beyond the range of the rest of the data set is called a(n) ______.

Q: A measure of variability in a box and whisker plot is called the _____ range.

Q: A graphic representation of the range, central tendency, percentiles, and variabilities of a variable is called a(n) ______ plot.

Q: Scores or observations recalibrated to indicate how they relate to a base number are called _____ numbers.

Q: Researchers often perform a(n) _____ to collapse a scale with multiple response points into two categories.

Q: The process of changing data from its original form to a format that more closely matches the research objectives of the study is called data ______.

Q: _____ analysis is another name for quadrant analysis.

Q: When responses to two rating scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two- dimensional graph, this is called ______ analysis.

Q: When a third variable changes in important ways the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, this third variable is called a(n) ______ variable.

Q: An analysis of the cross-tabulations for each level of a variable as it applies to sub-groups of the sample is known as ______ analysis.

Q: The _____ is the number of respondents or observations used as a basis for computing percentages.

Q: A two-way contingency table is referred to as a(n) _____ table.

Q: When the responses to two survey questions are presented as a cross-tabulation of the two variables studied in these two questions, the result is called a(n) ______ table.

Q: The appropriate technique for addressing research questions involving relationships among multiple less-than interval variables is _____.

Q: When tabulation is done by hand to create a frequency table, this is called ______ the data.

Q: The arrangement of data into a row-and-column format that gives the number of responses for each category of the variable is known as a(n) ______ table.

Q: The orderly arrangement of data into a table is known as ______.

Q: A(n) _____ is a graphical way of showing a frequency distribution in which the height of a bar corresponds to the frequency of a category.

Q: _____ analysis is the elementary transformation of data in a way that describes the basic characteristics such as central tendency, distribution, and variability.

Q: When a researcher makes inferences about the meaning of the data from a research study and draws conclusions about what these data mean in terms of their implications, this is an example of _____. A.data analysis B.data interpretation C.data transformation D.data conclusion

Q: A measure of variability that is often called by the term midspread is _____. A.interquartile range B.confidence interval C.p-value D.median

Q: A researcher is reviewing average household income data and sees that one household reported an annual income of over $1 million. This value lies outside the normal range of the data and is called a(n) _____. A.abnormality B.marginal C.outlier D.quartile

Q: A researcher desires a graphical representation of central tendencies, percentiles, variabilities, and the shapes of frequency distributions of the data. Which of the following will do this for the researcher? A.interquartile map B.box and whisker plot C.perceptual map D.histogram

Q: All of the following are software packages that can be used for data analysis EXCEPT _____. A.Excel B.SPSS C.Word D.SAS

Q: Which of the following is used to simplify and clarify data? A.tables B.graphs C.charts D.all of these choices

Q: Index numbers require which level of measurement? A.nominal B.interval C.ratio D.ranked

Q: If the price of Brand A is transformed to a value of 100 and Brand B's value is 75, indicating its price is 25 percent lower than Brand A's price, 100 and 75 represent _____. A.nominal rankings B.bivariate statistics C.p-values D.index numbers

Q: Scores or observations recalibrated to indicate how they relate to a base number are referred to as _____. A.index numbers B.rank orders C.elaborated numbers D.real numbers

Q: Data with which type of distribution are appropriate for division based on the median split? A.normally distributed B.unimodal distribution C.bimodal distribution D.uniform distribution

Q: Dividing a data set into two categories by placing respondents below the median in one category and respondents above the median in another is called a(n) _____. A.median split B.mediation C.elaboration analysis D.bimodal split

Q: When a researcher combines the "Strongly Disagree" and "Disagree" responses on a Likert scale item to a single "Strongly Disagree/Disagree" percentage, this is an example of _____. A.data indexing B.collapsing the data C.the outlier effect D.a box and whisker plot

Q: When a respondent's answers to ten Likert-scale items are added up to form a total score for these questions, this is an example of _____. A.data indexing B.data transformation C.contingency analysis D.data indexing

Q: Another name for data transformation is _____. A.index analysis B.data conversion C.quadrant analysis D.data exchange

Q: _____ is the process of changing the data from their original form to a format suitable for performing a data analysis addressing research objectives. A.Data coding B.Data editing C.Data entry D.Data transformation

Q: An analysis that compares the answer to the question: "How important is each of these attributes to you for an overnight delivery service?" (e.g. on-time delivery, accurate invoicing, price, and so forth) when comparing several delivery service companies with a rating scale that rates these companies on the quality of their service on these same attributes is known as a(n) _____. A.moderator analysis B.contingency analysis C.importance-performance analysis D.index analysis

Q: _____ is an extension of cross-tabulation in which responses to two rating-scale questions are plotted in four quadrants of a two-dimensional table. A.Squared-analysis B.Importance-performance analysis C.Quadrant analysis D.ANOVA

Q: It is hypothesized that an individual's need for cognition will influence the impact an advertising execution will have on attitudes toward the brand advertised. Need for cognition, then, is considered which type of variable? A.dependent variable B.external variable C.internal variable D.moderating variable

Q: When a third variable is included in the analysis that is studying the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable, and this third variable changes the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable in an important way, this third variable is called a(n) _____. A.spurious variable B.moderator variable C.contingency variable D.outlier variable

Q: Breaking down the answer to the question: "Have you ever purchased a ticket online for an American Airlines flight?" into subgroups based on gender and zip code is an example of _____. A.a box and whisker plot analysis B.an index number C.elaboration analysis D.interquartile analysis

Q: An analysis of the basic cross-tabulation for each level of a variable not previously considered, such as subgroups of the sample, is referred to as _____. A.group analysis B.cluster analysis C.ANOVA D.elaboration analysis

Q: The conventional rule for computing percentages in a contingency table is to compute the percentages in the direction of the _____. A.independent variable B.marginal totals C.dependent variable D.column mean

Q: The number of respondents or observations (in a row or column) used as a basis for computing percentages in a contingency table is referred to as a(n) _____. A.reference point B.moderator C.statistical base D.analytical point

Q: If a researcher wants to summarize the responses of subjects by gender and awareness of a particular brand ("Yes" or "No"), he or she would use a ______ contingency table. A.1 x 2 B.2 x 2 C.2 x 3 D.normal

Q: A researcher is examining the row and column totals in a contingency table of stores shopped at by gender. What are these called? A.marginals B.subtotals C.totals D.running totals

Q: A researcher interested in a data matrix that displays the frequency of some combination of possible responses to multiple variables should construct a _____. A.perceptual map B.contingency table C.regression equation D.marginal table

Q: If a business wants to know if more males or females work in its two manufacturing facilities, which of the following answers this question? A.regression analysis B.cluster analysis C.cross-tabulation D.interaction analysis