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Q:
Explain reasons for taking a sample rather than a complete census.
Q:
When an Internet user gives permission to Southwest Airlines to e-mail him special price promotions as they are announced, the user has decided to ______for this type of database communication.
Q:
A combination of two or more probability sampling techniques is called a(n) _____ sample.
Q:
A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____ stratified sample.
Q:
In _____ sampling, a subsample is drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum.
Q:
The sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called _____ sampling.
Q:
Writing the names of the students in a class on separate sheets of paper, shuffling them thoroughly, and then drawing five names "out of a hat," is a type of ______ sample.
Q:
When initial subjects are selected randomly and additional subjects are obtained from recommendations of names from the initial subjects, this is a(n) ______ sampling technique.
Q:
_____ sampling is a nonprobability sampling procedure that ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented on pertinent characteristics to the exact extent that the investigator desires.
Q:
When subjects are selected for a research study using judgment sampling, this represents a type of ______ sampling procedure.
Q:
The sampling procedure of obtaining those people or units that are most conveniently available is called _____ sampling.
Q:
In _____ sampling, every element in the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection.
Q:
When a research study has been poorly designed, it suffers from ______ error.
Q:
The difference between the results of a sample and the results of a census that is conducted with identical procedures is called ______ error.
Q:
A unit that is selected in the first of several stages of sampling is called the ______.
Q:
An error that occurs when certain sample elements are not listed or are not accurately represented in a sampling frame is called _____ error.
Q:
When a telephone book database is re-arranged so that it is organized by phone number, instead of by last name, this type of database is a type of ______ directory.
Q:
A(n) _____ is a list of elements from which a sample may be drawn and is also called the working population.
Q:
When a researcher conducts personal interviews with 100 percent of the employees within his organization, this type of study is a type of ______ study.
Q:
All of the retail stores nationwide of Sears Roebuck and Co. are the ______ of Sears' stores.
Q:
A small number of people who are a subset of the population of interest are known as a(n) ______ of the population.
Q:
Claire has agreed to participate in surveys online. Every few weeks, she is sent an email requesting her to participate in an online survey. What did Claire do to become involved in these research studies?
A.opted out
B.opted in
C.randomized herself
D.met a quota
Q:
When a potential respondent ____, he or she gives permission to receive selected e-mail, such as questionnaires, from a company with an Internet presence.
A.becomes part of an unrestricted sample
B.consents
C.opts in
D.subscribes
Q:
All of the following are common sampling criteria EXCEPT _____.
A.degree of accuracy required
B.size of the population
C.resources available
D.time available to conduct the research
Q:
Which sampling method involves using a combination of two or more probability sampling techniques?
A.multidimensional sampling
B.multistage area sampling
C.two-phase sampling
D.N-phase sampling
Q:
If a national political pollster selects ten states randomly, then randomly selects five counties within each state, then randomly selects five voting precincts within these counties, then randomly selects five blocks within these precincts, then randomly selects five households for door-to-door interviews about their voting intentions in the next Presidential election, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure?
A.simple random sample
B.multistage area sample
C.systematic sample
D.nonprobability sample
Q:
If a researcher for Procter & Gamble selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarket chains within each of these states to call for a phone survey for research regarding a new shampoo, what type of sampling procedure is being used?
A.systematic sample
B.simple random sample
C.nonprobability sample
D.cluster sample
Q:
Which sampling technique is an economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements?
A.cluster sampling
B.stratified sampling
C.grouped sampling
D.homogeneous sampling
Q:
A stratified sample in which the sample size for each stratum is allocated according to analytical considerations is called a(n) _____.
A.disproportional stratified sample
B.unbalanced stratified sample
C.secondary stratified sample
D.analytical sample
Q:
A stratified sample in which the number of sampling units drawn from each stratum is in proportion to the population size of that stratum is called a(n) _____.
A.proportional stratified sample
B.balanced stratified sample
C.even stratified sample
D.primary stratified sample
Q:
Two types of stratified samples are _____.
A.primary and secondary
B.positive and negative
C.proportional and disproportional
D.absolute and relative
Q:
In which type of sampling is a subsample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum of the population?
A.cluster sampling
B.stratified sampling
C.systematic sampling
D.convenience sampling
Q:
If a researcher wants to select 50 customers from a sampling frame of 250 customers who have purchased at least $10,000 worth of products from his company within the past six months using a systematic sampling technique, after a random start, the researcher should select every ______ name on the list.
A.20th
B.10th
C.5th
D.50th
Q:
A sampling procedure in which a starting point is selected by a random process and then every nth number on the list is selected is called a(n) _____.
A.cluster sampling
B.analytic sampling
C.systematic sampling
D.stratified sampling
Q:
When a researcher puts the name of each person on a sampling frame list on a 3" x 5" card, shuffles the cards thoroughly, and then selects 35 names from the top of the pile of cards for a phone interview study, this is an example of what type of sampling procedure?
A.judgment sample
B.simple random sample
C.stratified sample
D.area sample
Q:
A sampling procedure that assures each element in the population of an equal chance of being included in the sample is called _____.
A.simple random sampling
B.primary random sampling
C.primary sampling
D.stratified sampling
Q:
A researcher wants to put together four focus groups of 18-24 year-old males who are "heavy downloaders of music" (defined as downloading 50 songs per month). He finds one person in the target market who qualifies and then asks that person to suggest the names of two other males between the ages of 18-24 who download music so that he can invite them to participate in the focus group. These people, in turn, are each asked to suggest two others similar to themselves to participate in the focus group study. This procedure represents what type of sampling procedure?
A.stepwise sample
B.judgment sample
C.area sample
D.snowball sample
Q:
Which type of sampling procedure selects initial respondents using probability methods and selects subsequent respondents from information provided by those initial respondents?
A.snowball sample
B.stepwise sample
C.judgment sample
D.secondary sampling
Q:
All of the following are advantages of quota sampling over probability sampling EXCEPT ____.
A.lower cost
B.convenience
C.speed of data collection
D.lower error
Q:
When the head of the research department instructs field interviewers to interview participants at a trade show such that they each interview 10 vendors that are manufacturers and 10 that are service providers, this represents what type of sampling procedure?
A.systematic sample
B.quota sample
C.area sample
D.multistage sample
Q:
When a marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally, this is an example of what type of sample?
A.judgment sample
B.area sample
C.cluster sample
D.convenience sample
Q:
Which of the following is a nonprobability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member?
A.area sample
B.subjective sample
C.stratified sample
D.judgment sample
Q:
When a local television station sends a crew to interview joggers in the city park on a beautiful spring day, this represents what type of sample?
A.cluster sample
B.multistage area sample
C.systematic sample
D.convenience sample
Q:
When a researcher uses students to participate in a study because he has easy access to them, what type of sampling procedure does this represent?
A.judgment sample
B.systematic sample
C.snowball sample
D.convenience sample
Q:
In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?
A.absolute sampling
B.relative sampling
C.nonprobability sampling
D.probability sampling
Q:
Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of execution?
A.random sampling error
B.systematic sampling error
C.primary sampling error
D.secondary sampling error
Q:
As sample size ______ , random sampling error ______.
A.increases; increases
B.decreases; decreases
C.increases; decreases
D.increase; remains unchanged
Q:
The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called _____.
A.random sampling error
B.systematic sampling error
C.primary sampling error
D.secondary sampling error
Q:
If Delta Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day, and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey, the passengers are _____.
A.PSU
B.census
C.systematic samples
D.secondary sampling units
Q:
A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a _____.
A.sampling panel
B.sampling unit
C.sampling error
D.sampling quota
Q:
Which type of error occurs when certain sample elements are excluded or when the entire population is not accurately represented in the sampling frame?
A.Type I error
B.sampling frame error
C.statistical error
D.list error
Q:
A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their street address instead of by their last name is called a _____.
A.snowball directory
B.inverse directory
C.reverse directory
D.sampling frame directory
Q:
When a researcher wants to study the members of the American Management Association and selects a sample from its membership list, the membership list is an example of a _____.
A.reverse directory
B.sampling frame
C.systematic sampling list
D.census
Q:
You have been asked to conduct a study among business owners in Brazil using a questionnaire that was previously administered in another study of business owners in the United States. The survey will be administered in Portuguese, the language spoken by the business owners in Brazil. Describe what you should do before administering the questionnaire in Brazil.
Q:
Discuss layout issues with respect to Internet questionnaires, the tools used to assist respondents' navigation through the survey, and the alternative ways of displaying questions.
Q:
Discuss factors to consider when determining the order of questions on a questionnaire.
Q:
A researcher is conducting a study on attitudes toward and the prevalence of drinking and driving among teens and young adults and is concerned that respondents will be reluctant to answer honestly. Discuss how the researcher can ask questions that will more likely lead to honest answers among respondents.
Q:
Name and define the primary types of fixed-alternative questions.
Q:
Compare and contrast open-ended and fixed-alternative questions and give an example of each.
Q:
You have been asked to develop a questionnaire for a research study on the effects of an employee's self-efficacy on job performance. List the key decisions you should address in designing this questionnaire.
Q:
Discuss the basic criteria a questionnaire must fulfill to be useful in research.
Q:
The process of taking a questionnaire that has previously been translated from one language to another and having it translated back again by a second, independent translator is called _____.
Q:
_____ tabulation is a tabulation of the results of a pretest to help determine whether the questionnaire will meet the objectives of the research.
Q:
Using software to control the flow of an internet questionnaire, for example to prevent respondents from backing up or failing to answer a question, is called _____.
Q:
_____ software allows question answers to be inserted into later questions.
Q:
In an Internet questionnaire, boxes where respondents can type in their own answers to questions are called _____.
Q:
When a customer is selecting a flight at Southwest Airlines website by clicking on a circular icon next to the flight of her choice, this is called a(n) ______.
Q:
A(n) _____ is a visual indicator in an Internet questionnaire that tells the respondent what portion of the survey he or she has completed.
Q:
The _____ layout on an Internet survey goes from screen to screen rather than allowing the respondent to scroll through the entire questionnaire.
Q:
A filter question that is used to determine which subsequent question will be asked depending on the respondent's answer to the filter question is called a(n) ______ question.
Q:
A question that "screens out" respondents because they do not qualify to answer a subsequent question (e.g. "Do you own a DVD player?") is called a(n) ______ question.
Q:
In a personal interview, asking general questions before asking specific questions in order to create less bias in the responses is known as the ______ technique.
Q:
When the respondent's answers to previous questions in a questionnaire create a bias in his or her answers to later questions, this is known as ______ bias.
Q:
A question that is written in such a way that it really asks two questions at the same time (e.g. two separate ideas separated by "and") is called a(n) ______ question.
Q:
An introductory statement or preamble to a potentially embarrassing question that reduces a respondent's reluctance to answer by suggesting that certain behavior is not unusual is called a(n) _____ statement.
Q:
A question that is written in such a way that it arouses strong emotion in the respondent is called a(n) _____ question.
Q:
Questions that suggest or imply a certain answer are called ______ questions.
Q:
Where no overlap exists among the fixed-alternative categories, we say the alternatives are _____.
Q:
When a category exists for every respondent among the fixed-alternative categories, we say the alternatives are _____.
Q:
A fixed-alternative question which lists ten possible services that could be provided by a local bank and asks respondents to check as many as apply to the question: "Which of the following banking services do you currently use for First City Bank?" is an example of a(n) ______ question.