Q&A Hero

Q: Ranking measurements of attitudes provide interval data.

Q: A Thurstone scale is widely used in business research because of its simplicity.

Q: A variation of the graphic ratings scale is the ladder scale.

Q: In a linear scale, a respondent's score is the length in millimeters from one end of the scale to the point marked on the scale by the respondent.

Q: The constant-sum scale demands that respondents divide points among several attributes to indicate their relative importance.

Q: The Stapel scale is more difficult to administer in a phone interview than a semantic differential scale.

Q: A numerical scale is similar to a Likert scale except that is uses numbers instead of verbal descriptions as response options to identify response positions.

Q: An image profile can be developed based on semantic differential data.

Q: Business researchers generally assume that the semantic differential provides ratio data.

Q: Semantic differential scales can be scored by: -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3

Q: The semantic differential scale uses unlabeled response categories between two bipolar opposite adjectives.

Q: A composite scale is made up of multiple items to represent a latent construct.

Q: If a Likert scale statement on five-point scale is recoded, a 4 would be recoded as a 2.

Q: Attitude can be measured using a two-point response scale.

Q: A rating task asks the respondent to estimate the magnitude or the extent to which some characteristic exists.

Q: Researchers have limited options for measuring attitudinal concepts..

Q: A person's knowledge about a brand is part of the affective component of that person's attitude toward that brand.

Q: Attitudes are thought to have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.

Q: A person's attitude toward the American's With Disabilities Act can be directly observed.

Q: Measures that assign values anywhere along some scale range in a place that corresponds to the intensity of some concept are called _____ measures.

Q: Measures that take on only one of a finite number of values are called _____ measures.

Q: A _____ scale has an absolute zero point.

Q: A scale which arranges objects so that they are equally-distant from one another is called a(n) ______ scale.

Q: A scale which arranges objects in order according to their relative magnitude to one another is called a(n) ______ scale.

Q: A scale in which letters (e.g. A,B,C) are assigned to objects to serve as identification labels for the objects is called a(n) _____ scale.

Q: Scales provide _____ rules that indicate that a certain value on a scale corresponds to some true value of a concept.

Q: The process involving identifying scales that correspond to properties of a concept is called _____.

Q: A generalized idea that represents something of meaning is called a(n) ______.

Q: When a two-point scale (e.g. agree/disagree) is expanded to include five categories (e.g. strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree), we say that the ________ of the scale has been increased. A.sensitivity B.reliability C.predictive validity D.criterion validity

Q: Which type of validity addresses the question, "Does my measure correlate with measures of similar concepts or known quantities?" A.face validity B.reliability validity C.criterion validity D.discriminant validity

Q: All of the following are basic aspects of validity EXCEPT _____. A.primary validity B.face validity C.construct validity D.criterion validity

Q: When a group of experts agrees that a measuring instrument measures what it is intended to measure, we say that the instrument has ______ validity. A.face B.criterion C.test-retest D.equivalent-forms

Q: The ability of a measuring instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure is the basic purpose of ______. A.reliability B.validity C.sensitivity D.indexing

Q: _____ is the accuracy of a measure or the extent to which a score truthfully represents a concept. A.Reliability B.Validity C.Consistency D.Authenticity

Q: A researcher who administers the same scale to the same respondents at two separate times to test for stability is using which method of assessing the scale's reliability? A.coefficient alpha B.split-half method C.test-retest method D.before/after method

Q: Which of the following represents the average of all possible split-half reliabilities for a construct? A.R2 B.S C.a D.W

Q: The most commonly applied estimate of a composite scale's reliability is _____. A.coefficient alpha B.coefficient beta C.criterion coefficient D.an index coefficient

Q: When a researcher measures the reliability of an instrument by comparing the results of the odd-numbered questions with the results of the even-numbered questions, this is an example of _____ reliability. A.test-retest B.split-half C.equivalent-forms D.criterion

Q: _____ represents a measure's homogeneity or the extent to which each indicator of a concept converges on a common meaning. A.Internal consistency B.Validity C.Internal validity D.External consistency

Q: Which of the following is an indicator of a measure's internal consistency? A.reliability B.validity C.coefficient beta D.sensitivity

Q: Which of the following means that the value assigned for a response is treated oppositely from the other items in a scale? A.reverse coding B.indexing C.alpha coding D.convergence

Q: A researcher is measuring consumers' attitudes toward product placement in movies using five attitude items. She created a scale by simply summing the response to each item making up the composite measure. This composite measure is called a(n) _____. A.derived scale B.additive scale C.summated scale D.primary scale

Q: Which type of measure assigns a value to an observation based on a mathematical derivation of multiple measures? A.conglomerate measure B.derivative measure C.higher-order measure D.composite measure

Q: Carla is using education, income, and occupation to develop a measure of social class. What type of measure for social class is she developing? A.index measure B.valid measure C.reliable measure D.concurrent measure

Q: Which type of measure assigns a value based on how much of the concept being measured is associated with an observation and is formed by putting several variables together systematically? A.conglomerate measure B.multiplicative measure C.index measure D.multidimensional measure

Q: Gas mileage is an example of a(n) _____ of an automobile. A.attribute B.concept C.measure D.component

Q: A(n) _____ is a single characteristic or fundamental feature of an object, person, situation, or issue. A.concept B.variable C.attribute D.construct

Q: Age is an example of a _____ measure. A.nominal B.biological C.discrete D.continuous

Q: Measures that reflect the intensity of a concept by assigning values that can take on any value along some scale range are called _____. A.discrete measures B.continuous measures C.absolute measures D.valid measures

Q: Which of the following is a discrete measure? A.nominal scales B.sensitive scales C.ratio scales D.all of these choices

Q: Measures that can take on only one of a finite number of values are called _____. A.discrete measures B.neutral measures C.limited measures D.continuous measures

Q: All of the following can be measured using ratio scales EXCEPT _____. A.gender B.income C.temperature D.weight

Q: Which of the following is a defining characteristic in determining between ratio and interval scales? A.number of items B.absolute zero C.number of intervals D.nominal values

Q: A company's stock price is best described as an example of a(n) ______ scale. A.ordinal B.interval C.ratio D.nominal

Q: Which type of scale represents the highest form of measurement? A.nominal scale B.ordinal C.ratio D.interval

Q: Which type of scale has all the properties of an interval scale with the additional attribute of representing absolute quantities, characterized by a meaningful absolute zero? A.nominal scale B.discrete scale C.infinite scale D.ratio scale

Q: The Fahrenheit temperature scale is best described as an example of a(n) ______ scale because it doesn"t have an absolute zero point. A.ratio B.nominal C.interval D.ordinal

Q: A scale which arranges brands in an ordered sequence in which there is an equal interval between each point on the scale is an example of a(n) ______ scale. A.interval B.ratio C.nominal D.ordinal

Q: When job candidates are asked to place job listings so that their first choice is 1, their second choice is 2, and so forth, this is best-described as an example of a(n) ______ scale. A.ordinal B.ratio C.interval D.nominal

Q: Which type of scale is, at the most, a ranking scale? A.ratio B.interval C.nominal D.ordinal

Q: A scale that allows things to be arranged based on how much of some concept they possess is called a(n) _____ scale. A.quantitative scale B.nominal C.ordinal D.order

Q: Coding household income into "Above $100,000," "Between $50,000 and $100,000," and "Below $50,000" is an example of a(n) ______ scale. A.interval B.test-retest C.criterion D.nominal

Q: Which of the following is the most elementary level of measurement? A.nominal scale B.ordinal scale C.ratio scale D.interval scale

Q: Scales that assign a value to an object for identification or classification purposes are called _____ scales. A.ordinal B.nominal C.interval D.ratio

Q: In an observation study, when "shopping time in a supermarket" is defined as: "Using a stopwatch, start the stopwatch the moment the customer enters the store and stop the stopwatch as soon as the customer is handed a receipt by the checkout clerk," this is best described as an example of a(n) _____. A.nominal scale B.equivalent-form scale C.operational definition D.test-retest method

Q: Which of the following refers to concepts measured with multiple variables? A.operation B.construct C.concept D.scale

Q: Which of the following is a device providing a range of values that correspond to different characteristics or amounts of a characteristic exhibited in observing a concept? A.operations B.reliability C.sensitivity D.scale

Q: Researchers measure concepts through a process known as _____. A.summation B.operationalization C.assessment D.matching

Q: _____ is the process of identifying scale devices that correspond to properties of a concept involved in a research process. A.Conceptualization B.Conversion C.Correspondence D.Operationalization

Q: A(n) _____ is a generalized idea that represents something of identifiable and distinct meaning. A.scale B.concept C.operant D.measure

Q: Age, gender, brand loyalty, and corporate culture are all examples of _____. A.concepts B.scales C.ratios D.codes

Q: A researcher is observing fans at a soccer game and is putting a "1" if the fan is actively cheering and a "0" if they just seem to be merely watching the game without saying anything. He is also indicating which team the fan seems to be associated with as well as approximate age and gender. By recording information such as this with codes, the researcher is involved in _____. A.conceptualization B.operationalization C.measurement D.analysis

Q: _____ is the process of describing some property of a phenomenon, usually by assigning numbers, in a reliable and valid way. A.Research B.Analysis C.Validation D.Measurement

Q: Discriminant validity is another way of expressing internal consistency.

Q: Content validity is the ability of a measure to correlate with other standard measures of similar constructs or established criteria.

Q: Validity is the extent to which a score truthfully represents a concept.

Q: Coefficient alpha is the most commonly applied estimate of a composite scale's reliability.

Q: Internal consistency represents a measure's heterogeneity.

Q: A measuring instrument is valid when the results can be repeated at subsequent measurements of the concept.

Q: Reliability is an indicator of a measure's internal consistency.