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Q: The three major criteria for evaluating measurements are reliability, validity, and replicability.
Q: Sometimes respondents' answers need to be assigned opposite values through a process called cross-validation.
Q: A scale can be created by simply adding together the responses to several items related to a topic.
Q: An index measure assigns a value based on how characteristic an observation is of the thing being measured.
Q: An attribute is a single characteristic or fundamental feature of an object, person, situation, or issue.
Q: Interval scales are considered continuous when five or more categories are used.
Q: Continuous measures are those assigning values anywhere along some scale range in a place that corresponds to the intensity of some concept.
Q: Discrete measures are those that take on only one of a finite number of values.
Q: Mathematical operations cannot be performed with numbers from nominal scales.
Q: Money is an example of something that can be measured using a ratio scale.
Q: In ratio scales, the location of the zero point is arbitrary.
Q: Interval scales represent the absolute meaning of the numbers on the scale.
Q: The Fahrenheit temperature scale is an example of a ratio scale.
Q: The most sophisticated form of data analysis for a nominal scale is the average of the scores.
Q: A measurement scale in which respondents are asked to rank items based on their preferences is called a nominal scale.
Q: A ratio scale is the simplest type of measurement scale.
Q: How we define a construct will affect the way we measure it.
Q: A construct is a term used for concepts that are measured with single variables.
Q: Scales measure concepts.
Q: Correspondence analysis is the process of identifying scale devices that correspond to properties of a concept involved in a research process.
Q: All measurement, particularly in the social sciences, contains error.
Q: In measurement, whenever a number is used to assign a value to an observation, the researcher must assign this number according to some predetermined rule.
Q: Measurement is the process of describing some property of a phenomenon, usually by assigning numbers, in a reliable and valid way.
Q: Name and describe the components of construct validity.
Q: Explain why researchers are concerned with scale reliability and discuss how it is assessed.
Q: List the three criteria for good measurement.
Q: Explain how indexes or composite measures are formed and give an example of how they are used in business research.
Q: Compare and contrast the four different levels of scale measurement.
Q: Explain the difference between a concept and a construct, giving an example of each.
Q: The ability of a scale to measure the variability of a concept is called that scale's ________ .
Q: _____ validity represents the uniqueness or distinctiveness of a measure.
Q: _____ validity consists of several components, including face validity, content validity, criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
Q: _____ validity is the degree that a measure covers the breadth of the domain of interest.
Q: A scale that logically appears to reflect what was intended to be measured possesses _____ validity.
Q: The ability of a measuring instrument to measure what it is supposed to measure is called its ______.
Q: The _____ method of determining reliability involves administering the same scale or measure to the same respondents at two separate times to test for stability.
Q: _____ is the most commonly applied estimate of a multiple item scale's reliability and represents the average of all possible split-half reliabilities for a construct.
Q: The degree to which a measurement instrument yields consistent results is called the ______ of the instrument.
Q: _____ means that the value assigned for a response is treated oppositely from the other items.
Q: A(n) _____ measure assigns a value to an observation based on a mathematical derivation of multiple variables.
Q: Compare and contrast completely randomized designs and randomized-block designs.
Q: Compare and contrast internal validity and external validity and discuss which one is most important in experimental research.
Q: Explain the advantages of a between-subjects experimental design over a within-subjects design.
Q: Discuss what is meant by demand characteristics and why they are a concern for researchers. Discuss four ways of reducing demand characteristics.
Q: Explain how systematic or nonsampling error occurs in experiments and discuss ways to minimize it.
Q: Design an experiment that tests the effect of something a manager in your disciple can manipulate. Identify the independent and dependent variables and describe how you would conduct the experiment and control for other factors.
Q: Explain how experimental research differs from survey research.
Q: A 3 x 3 experimental design incorporates _____ factors, each having _____ levels.
Q: _____ produce differences in the dependent variable between experimental cells based on combinations of variables.
Q: In a factorial design, the influence of one independent variable on a dependent variable is called a(n) _____ effect.
Q: A(n) _____ experimental design allows for testing of the effects of two or more treatments at various levels.
Q: When subjects are randomly assigned to treatment groups to study the effects of manipulating an independent variable, this is called a(n) ______ design.
Q: A _____ effect is a nuisance effect occurring when the initial measurement or test alerts or primes subjects in a way that affects their response to the experimental treatments.
Q: A _____ is a validity test of an experimental manipulation.
Q: An experiment in which each subject receives only one treatment combination is called a(n) _____ design.
Q: When Procter & Gamble conducts a test market for a new shampoo in Kansas City and St. Louis, this is an example of a(n) ______ experiment.
Q: When a research organization conducts a taste test in its offices located in a shopping mall, this is an example of a(n) ______ experiment.
Q: When subjects in all experimental groups are exposed to identical conditions except for the differing experimental treatments, we say that _____ has occurred.
Q: An experimental deception that involves a false treatment is called a(n) ________ .
Q: When subjects in an experiment perform differently because they realize that they are participating in an experiment, this is called the ______ effect.
Q: When the experimenter's comments influence the subjects' behavior so that they give answers that they think the experimenter wants to hear rather than their true feelings, we say that ________ has occurred.
Q: When the researcher unintentionally provides the subjects with hints about what he wants them to say in the study, this is an example of a(n) _____ characteristic.
Q: The random assignment of subjects and treatments to groups is called _____.
Q: If subjects in the experimental group are administered the treatment in the afternoon while the subjects in the control group participate in the experiment in the morning, the study is said to experience ______ error.
Q: If there are two levels of both treatment variables in an experiment, then there will be _____ cells in the experiment.
Q: In an experiment, the treatment is administered to the ______ group.
Q: An effect due to a specific combination of independent variables is called a(n) _____ effect.
Q: Experimental difference in means between the different levels of any single experimental variable is referred to as a(n) _____ effect.
Q: Blocking variables are typically _____ variables like a subject's gender or ethnicity.
Q: People participating in experiments are referred to as _____.
Q: In an experiment, the change in the ______ variable is presumed to be the cause of the results.
Q: In an experiment, the ______ variable is manipulated and its effect is measured on the ______ variable.
Q: A 3 x 2 experimental design requires ______ combinations of subgroup cells. A.two B.five C.six D.nine
Q: A 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design has _____ factors, each of which has ______ levels. A.eight; three B.three; eight C.two; three D.three; two
Q: A researcher is interested in examining the effect of background music and lighting on sales in a restaurant, so he wants to conduct an experiment that manipulates different levels of each. Which experimental design would be best to examine the effects of these two treatments at various levels? A.completely randomized design B.randomized-block design C.interactive design D.factorial design
Q: In which experimental design is a single, categorical extraneous variable that might affect test units' responses to the treatment identified and the effects isolated by being blocked out? A.completely randomized design B.factorial design C.randomized-block design D.interactive block design
Q: An experimental design that uses a random process to assign subjects to treatment levels of an experimental variable is called a _____. A.main effect design B.completely randomized design C.Solomon design D.systematic design
Q: Which experimental design has the following symbols: O1 O2 O3 X O4 O5 O6 A.static group design B.after-only design C.pretest-posttest control group design D.time series design
Q: Which experimental design has the following symbols:Experimental group:RX O1Control group:RO2A.static group designB.Solomon four-group designC.posttest-only control group designD.one-group pretest-posttest design
Q: Which experimental design has the following symbols:Experimental group:RO1 X O2Control group:RO3 O4A.one-shot designB.static group designC.posttest-only control group designD.pretest-posttest control group design
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