Q&A Hero

Q: Observable cues that serve as a signal of a problem because they are caused by that problem are called _____. A.symptoms B.leading indicators C.forward linkages D.descriptors

Q: Janna discovers a market segment that is underserved by competitors' products. For Janna's company, this segment represents a _____. A.business threat B.business opportunity C.backward linkage D.test market

Q: Which of the following represents a situation that makes some potential competitive advantage possible for a business? A.business threat B.forward linkage C.symptom D.business opportunity

Q: A research project refers to numerous related studies that come together to address issues about a single company.

Q: Management is most interested in detailed reporting of the research design and statistical findings.

Q: Coding is the application of reasoning to understand the data that have been gathered.

Q: Unobtrusive methods of data gathering are those in which the subjects do not have to be disturbed for data to be collected.

Q: Researchers shouldn"t draw conclusions from a sample.

Q: There is always one best research design for a business research study.

Q: One of the major advantages of observation studies is that they record actual behavior rather than relying on reports of behavior from respondents.

Q: Pilot studies are a formal research method that produce precise results.

Q: A directed search of published works, including periodicals and books, that discusses theory and presents empirical results that are relevant to the topic at hand is called a literature review.

Q: Deliverables is the term used when describing the expected outcomes of basic research.

Q: Forward linkage means the researcher must follow the stages in the research process in sequential order.

Q: The first stage in the research process is to define the research objectives.

Q: Exploratory research is typically conducted in the early stages of decision-making.

Q: Test-marketing studies are a form of experimental research.

Q: When a researcher varies price levels and examines the impact on sales, he is conducting an experiment.

Q: Absolute causality means the cause is necessary and sufficient to bring about the effect.

Q: Direct association means any covariation between a cause and an effect is true and not simply due to some other variable.

Q: Correlation is sufficient evidence to determine causality in experiments.

Q: Descriptive research often helps describe market segments.

Q: Descriptive studies are conducted with a considerable understanding of the situation being studied.

Q: The purpose of exploratory research is to provide conclusive evidence for a particular business action.

Q: The three types of marketing research are exploratory, descriptive, and causal.

Q: Uncertainty in decision making means that the nature of the problem itself is unclear and is the most difficult decision situation.

Q: Negative consumer attitudes is an example of a symptom.

Q: A business opportunity is a situation that makes some potential competitive advantage possible.

Q: List the steps a researcher will likely follow when applying the scientific method to develop and test theories

Q: Discuss the types of reasoning researchers use to build theories.

Q: How does a hypothesis differ from a proposition? Give an example of each.

Q: Explain the difference between aconcept and a variable and give an example of each.

Q: What is a theory and a hypothesis, and what role do they play in marketing research?

Q: A set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting theoretical statements about events, for analyzing empirical evidence, and for predicting events yet unknown is called the _____.

Q: _____ reasoning establishes a general proposition on the basis of observation of particular facts.

Q: Going from the general to the specific is done in _____ reasoning.

Q: A researcher is using income, education, and zip code as an indication of social class. This process of identifying the actual measurement scales to assess social class is called _____.

Q: If it is hypothesized that higher levels of compensation will positively influence workers' intention to stay with a company, level of compensation measured in dollars and intentions to stay using a scale are examples of _____.

Q: When the data are inconsistent with a hypothesis, we say the hypothesis is _____,

Q: _____ involves applying statistics to data to test hypotheses.

Q: A(n) _____ is a formal statement explaining some outcome and is testable.

Q: Statements explaining the logical linkage among certain concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts are called _____.

Q: A concept that is not directly observable or measurable, but can be estimated through a proxy measure is known as a(n) _____ construct.

Q: In theory development, the level of knowledge expressing a concept that exists only as an idea or a quality apart from an object is the ____ level.

Q: The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general is called the _____.

Q: _____ are the building blocks of theory.

Q: The two purpose of theory are understanding and _____.

Q: A formal, logical explanation of some events that includes predictions of how things relate to one another is known as a(n) _____.

Q: What is the LAST step in the application of the scientific method? A.assessment of relevant existing knowledge of a phenomenon B.proposal of an explanation of the phenomenon and statement of new problems raised by the research C.design of research to test the hypothesis D.acquisition of meaningful empirical data

Q: Which of the following is a step involved in the application of the scientific method? A.statement of hypotheses B.formulation of concepts and propositions C.analysis and evaluation of data D.all of these choices

Q: A researcher is testing the hypothesis stating a positive relationship between business owners' level of risk tolerance and the insurance coverage for the business. To test this, the researcher uses a set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting theoretical statements about these two constructs, for analyzing empirical evidence gathered through surveys, and for predicting future behavior. This researcher is following the _____. A.hypothetical method B.scientific method C.deductive method D.inductive method

Q: If all the trees a person has seen in his life have been green and therefore he concludes that all trees are green, which type of reasoning is he using? A.deductive reasoning B.inductive reasoning C.generalized reasoning D.conceptual reasoning

Q: The logical process of establishing a general proposition on the basis of observation of particular facts is known as _____. A.deductive reasoning B.generalized reasoning C.inductive reasoning D.conceptual reasoning

Q: _____ is the logical process of deriving a conclusion about a specific instance based on a known general premise or something known to be true. A.Deductive reasoning B.Inductive reasoning C.Latent reasoning D.Abstract reasoning

Q: The process of identifying the actual measurement scales to assess the variables of interest is called _____. A.operationalizing B.synthesizing C.verifying D.conceptualizing

Q: When the data from an empirical study are consistent with a research hypothesis, we say that the hypothesis is _____. A.confirmed B.conclusive C.supported D.true

Q: Which of the following is an empirical assessment of a concept? A.hypothesis B.variable C.construct D.item

Q: Anything that may assume different numerical values is considered a(n) _____. A.variable B.construct C.item D.data point

Q: When a researcher collects data to test the hypothesis that consumers will be more satisfied if a business offers compensation after the consumer complains, we say that _____ testing is being conducted. A.validation B.confirmation C.observational D.empirical

Q: Which of the following means that something has been examined against reality using data? A.causality B.manipulation C.empirical testing D.spurious association

Q: "Employees dressed professionally will perform better than those dressed casually" is an example of a _____. A.theory B.proposition C.hypothesis D.variation

Q: Which of the following is a statement explaining the logical linkage among certain concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts? A.hypothesis B.proposition C.construct D.theory

Q: Empathy is a concept that is not directly observable or measurable but is measured through other measures, such as an individual's thoughts and behaviors toward others. This is an example of a(n) _____. A.latent construct B.empirical construct C.secondary construct D.higher order construct

Q: A concept that is not directly observable or measurable but can be estimated through proxy measures is called a(n) _____. A.indirect construct B.secondary construct C.higher order construct D.latent construct

Q: At what level do we "experience" reality? A.empirical level B.abstract level C.primary level D.secondary level

Q: In theory development, which of the following is the level of knowledge expressing a concept that exists only as an idea or a quality apart from an object? A.empirical level B.primary level C.conceptual level D.abstract level

Q: The organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general is called the _____. A.conceptual hierarchy B.ladder of abstraction C.conceptual progression D.operationalization of constructs

Q: Self-efficacy, which is a generalized idea about how humans perceive their own abilities, is an example of a(n) _____. A.hypothesis B.proposition C.concept D.abstraction

Q: Which of the following is considered the basic unit for theory development? A.concept B.proposition C.hypothesis D.variable

Q: A(n) ____ is a generalized idea about a class of objects that has been given a name. A.variable B.theory C.node D.construct

Q: What are the two goals of theory? A.speculating and confirming B.understanding and predicting C.deducting and inducting D.abstracting and concretizing

Q: Psychologists explain that humans' better recall of information that is presented visually compared to information presented verbally is due to the fact that the information is stored both visually and verbally. Because it is stored using this dual-coding process, it is easier to retrieve from memory. This formal logical explanation of this phenomenon is an example of a(n) _____. A.theory B.construct C.operationalization D.abstraction

Q: A formal, logical explanation of some events that includes descriptions of how things relate to one another is called a(n) _____. A.hypothesis B.theory C.causal statement D.empirical study

Q: The first step in the scientific method is to formulate concepts and propositions.

Q: The scientific method is a set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting theoretical statements about events, for analyzing empirical evidence, and for predicting events yet unknown.

Q: Deductive reasoning derives a conclusion about a general knowledge based on specific instances.

Q: Theories are derived from deductive reasoning and selective reasoning.

Q: In most scientific situations there is typically only one theory to explain certain phenomena.

Q: The process of identifying the actual measurement scales to asses the variables of interest is known as operationalizing.

Q: Statistics can be used to prove that a research hypothesis is true.