Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Business Development
Q:
An ecological industrial method that can be used to mimic nature is to interact with each other is through ____________________, which is where the wastes of one manufacturer become the raw materials for another. This is very similar to food webs in natural ecosystems.
Q:
The original list from the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of 12 hazardous chemicals, called the ____________________, includes DDT and eight other chlorine-containing persistent pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and furans.
Q:
The Conservation and Recovery Act requires permit holders to use a(n) ____________________ system to keep track of waste that they transfer from a point of generation to an approved off-site disposal facility.
Q:
Surface ____________________ are lined ponds, pits, or lagoons in which liquid hazardous wastes are stored.
Q:
The most common method of burial is ____________________ where liquid hazardous wastes are pumped under high pressure through a pipe into dry, porous rock formations.
Q:
____________________ involves using natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from polluted soil and water.
Q:
The use of bacteria and enzymes to convert toxic or hazardous substances to harmless compounds is called ____________________.
Q:
According to the EPA, all impoundment liners will eventually ____________________.
Q:
The process of ____________________ reduces the volume of a given amount of waste by 99%, produces a synthetic gaseous fuel, and encapsulates toxic metals and other materials in glassy lumps of rock.
Q:
Municipal solid waste can be burned in large ____________________, which is used to boil water and make steam for heating water or interior spaces, or for producing electricity.
Q:
In newer ____________________ landfills, solid wastes are spread out in thin layers, compacted, and covered daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam.
Q:
Old dry-cell batteries are a type of ____________________ waste.
Q:
The type of waste produced by mines, agriculture, and industries that supply people with goods and services is called _________________________.
Q:
From an environmental standpoint, the approaches to hazardous waste of refuse, reduce, and reuse are preferred because they are ____________________ approaches that tackle the problem of waste production at the front end.
Q:
An important form of recycling is ____________________, which mimics nature by using bacteria to decompose yard trimmings, vegetable food scraps, and other biodegradable organic wastes into materials than can increase soil fertility.
Q:
Contaminated water that leaks from landfills is called ____________________.
Q:
Some landfills have systems for collecting ____________________, the potent greenhouse gas that is produced when the wastes decompose in the absence of oxygen.
Q:
Tires being shredded and converted into surfacing for public roads is an example of ____________________ recycling.
Q:
A 2009 EPA study concluded that ____________________ emit more air pollutants than modern waste-to-energy incinerators.
Q:
_____________________ are chemical substances that persist in the environment and accumulate in the fatty tissues of humans and other organisms.
Q:
The Basel Convention was designed to ____.
a. promote international subsidies for reusing and recycling
b. curb greenhouse gas emission through reusing and recycling programs
c. ban participating countries from shipping hazardous waste to or through other countries without their permission
d. wipe out hazardous waste smugglers
e. regulate the 12 widely used persistent organic pollutants
Q:
The primary role of hazardous waste ____ is to evade the laws by using an array of tactics, including bribes, false permits, and mislabeling of hazardous wastes as recyclable materials.
a. emitters
b. producers
c. manufacturers
d. smugglers
e. users
Q:
In 2000, delegates from 122 countries completed a global treaty to control 12 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that contain ____.
a. DDT
b. ozone
c. chlorofluorocarbons
d. methane gas
e. mercury
Q:
Which country has passed a law that states all chemicals that are persistent and can accumulate in living tissue will be banned by the year 2020?
a. the United States
b. France
c. China
d. Norway
e. Sweden
Q:
What is a way that governments can encourage reuse and recycling?
a. Governments can set fair market prices for various products.
b. Governments can force people to recycle with negative incentives.
c. Governments could remove the harmful Superfund Act.
d. Governments could encourage the use of POPs in controlling waste.
e. Governments can increase subsidies and tax breaks for reusing and recycling
Q:
In nature, the waste outputs of one organism become the nutrient inputs of another organism, so that all of the earths nutrients are endlessly recycled. Applying this concept to industry and manufacturing is called ____.
a. biomanufacturing
b. environmental sustainability
c. environmental economics
d. biomimicry
e. eco-industrialization
Q:
Using blood tests and statistical sampling, medical researchers at New York Citys Mount Sinai School of Medicine found that it is likely that nearly every person on the earth has detectable levels of ____ in their bodies.
a. hazardous chemicals
b. carcinogens
c. petrochemicals
d. DDT
e. persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Q:
If you live in the United States, you can find out what toxic chemicals are being stored and released in your neighborhood by ____.
a. going to the EPAs Toxic Release Inventory website
b. visiting the U.S. Library of Congress
c. calling your local Superfund council
d. obtaining a copy of the National Priorities List
e. asking local manufactures to comply with the Toxic Substances Control Act
Q:
Under what regulation are hazardous waste permit holders must use a cradle-to-grave system?
a. The Superfund Act
b. The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
c. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
d. The Toxic Release Inventory Act
e. The Clean Air Act
Q:
What was the Superfund Act designed to do?
a. To make polluters pay for cleaning up abandoned hazardous waste
b. To ensure the safety of chemicals used in the manufacture of many products
c. To identify sites where hazardous wastes have contaminated the environment
d. To generate funds for the EPA so that it can enforce environmental laws
e. To pay for the Toxic Release Inventory
Q:
EPA studies have found that 70% of all U.S. hazardous waste ____ have no liners and could threaten groundwater supplies.
a. sanitary landfills
b. deep-well disposal sites
c. open pit landfills
d. storage ponds
e. storage tanks
Q:
Plasma gasification is a technology that uses arcs of electricity in the absence of ____ to produce very high temperatures for vaporizing trash.
a. water
b. hazardous chemicals
c. coal
d. oxygen
e. carbon dioxide
Q:
In the United States, almost two-thirds of all liquid hazardous wastes are ____.
a. recycled into useful materials
b. bioremediated
c. injected into deep disposal wells
d. incinerated
e. stored in guarded facilities
Q:
Although burial of hazardous waste is the last thing we should do, why then is this the most widely used method of dealing with our hazardous waste?
a. politics
b. health
c. laziness
d. lower cost
e. complexity
Q:
Using charcoal or resins to filter out harmful solids is a ____ method.
a. chemical
b. physical
c. biological
d. geological
e. physiological
Q:
What process involves the use of plants to remove contaminants from polluted soil and water?
a. phytoremediation
b. plasma gasification
c. bioremediation
d. incineration
e. composting
Q:
What process involves the use of bacteria and enzymes to destroy hazardous substances?
a. phytoremediation
b. plasma gasification
c. bioremediation
d. incineration
e. composting
Q:
Denmark ____ 54% of its municipal solid waste in state-of-the-art facilities that exceed European air pollution standards by a factor of 10.
a. buries
b. incinerates
c. recycles
d. reuses
e. composts
Q:
What is the primary reason many U.S. citizens, local governments, and environmental scientists oppose waste incineration?
a. It is more expensive than landfills.
b. It must burn a lot of trash to maintain profitability.
c. It is difficult to regulating incinerators.
d. It emits air pollutants.
e. It undermines waste reduction strategies like reduce and reuse.
Q:
Sanitary landfills typically have problems with ____.
a. high operating costs
b. odor
c. open, uncovered garbage
d. traffic, noise, and dust
e. spread of disease
Q:
Of the two types of dumps utilized for solid waste, open dumps ____.
a. are rare in developed countries
b. cover wastes with clay or plastic foam
c. have little odor
d. are vermin free
e. are the most environmentally friendly
Q:
The bottoms and sides of ____ have strong double liners and containment systems that collect the liquids.
a. open dumps
b. recycling centers
c. waste incinerators
d. single-pickup systems
e. sanitary landfills
Q:
In the United States, approximately 67% by weight of all municipal solid waste is ____.
a. shipped to foreign countries for disposal
b. recycled and reused
c. dumped in the ocean
d. sent to waste-to-energy incinerators
e. buried in sanitary landfills
Q:
What is the result of using a pay-as-you-throw approach in San Francisco, California, USA?
a. The city lost 37 garbage pickup workers.
b. The city raised its taxes as a result of stringent recycling requirements.
c. The city recycled, composted, or reused 78% of its municipal solid waste (MSW).
d. The city created a severe littering problem.
e. The city became the most expensive place to live in the U.S.
Q:
The U.S. EPA estimates that recycling and composting in the United States in 2010 reduced emissions of climate-changing carbon dioxide by an amount roughly equal to that emitted by 36 million ____.
a. hydraulically fractured gas wells
b. barrels of oil
c. tons of coal
d. passenger vehicles
e. power plants
Q:
While roughly a third of all ____ produced in the United States is thrown away, only about 2.5% of this waste is composted.
a. paper
b. food
c. clothing
d. wood
e. shrubbery
Q:
Cities that make money by recycling and that have higher recycling rates tend to use a ____ for both recyclable and non-recyclable materials
a. fee structure
b. subsidy incentive
c. multi-pickup system
d. single-pickup system
e. integrated-pickup system
Q:
Recycling, reuse, and composting create six to ten times as many ____ as landfills and waste incineration.
a. problems
b. benefits
c. advantages
d. jobs
e. opportunities
Q:
Which type of waste can a homeowner recycle in their backyard as part of a composting project?
a. dead animals
b. electronics
c. plastics
d. some metals
e. vegetable food scraps
Q:
What may have prevented the use of bioplastics in the past century?
a. The technology for mass production of bioplastics was not yet available.
b. The materials needed for bioplastics was used for food.
c. Bioplastics were viewed as inferior materials.
d. Oil became widely available and petrochemical plastics took over the market.
e. Synthetic plastic producers had a strong government lobby.
Q:
Explain the two basic approaches for dealing with the projected harmful effects of global warming.
Q:
Explain how we can prevent and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
Q:
Explain why some experts consider indoor air pollution to be one of the most serious air pollution problems. In your answer, utilize some facts about indoor air pollution.
Q:
Clearly describe a positive feedback loop associated with global warming.
Q:
Please describe the mechanisms by which "acid rain" is produced and why this is harmful to the environment.
Q:
What does it mean when scientist make predictions that are stated to have a 90% and 95% probability of happening?
Q:
According to the accompanying figure, what is the projected range of surface temperature increase for 2025?
Q:
According to the accompanying figure, how much did the average surface temperature of the earth change from 1950 to 2004?
Q:
In the accompanying chart showing temperature for the past 900,000 years, describe the natural phenomena that may have caused the temperature fluctuations shown.
Q:
According to the 2012 data in the accompanying figure, which three countries are the largest emitters of energy-related carbon dioxide?
Q:
Based on the accompanying figure, which lakes will be mostly affected by acid rain?
Q:
Based on the accompanying image, which chemicals are primarily responsible for lowering the pH of rain?
Q:
Most experts call for a combination of mitigation and ____________________ approaches to help deal with the projected harmful effects of global climate change.
Q:
The increased use of ____________________ automobiles could help reduce our carbon footprint.
Q:
Of all the fossil fuels, reducing our consumption of ____________________ would best help with slowing climate change.
Q:
Calculating your ____________________ can help you understand how to reduce your own personal carbon dioxide emissions.
Q:
Eating less or no meat could help reduce ____________________ emissions.
Q:
The manipulation of certain natural conditions to help counter our enhancement of the greenhouse effect is known as ____________________.
Q:
_____________________ is a source of methane that if melted, would accelerate the projected atmospheric warming by creating a positive feedback loop.
Q:
If the climate change tipping point is reached in the next few decades, it is expected that the ____________________ice sheet will collapse and melt.
Q:
The estimated tipping point of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere is ____________________ ppm.
Q:
The term ___________________ is misleading because it does not mean that all areas of the earth are getting warmer every year.
Q:
Compounds that can react and help neutralize acid deposition are called _________________________.
Q:
When a cool layer of air is below a warm layer of air, this is called a(n) ____________________.
Q:
The emission of ____________________ from certain trees and plants in urban areas can promote the formation of photochemical smog.
Q:
Life as we know it could not exist without the protective layer of ____________________ in the stratosphere.
Q:
____________________ is a colorless gas used in foam insulation and can cause irritation of the eyes, throat, skin, and lungs.
Q:
In comparing CO2 emissions sources, scientists use the concept of a(n) ____________________, which is the amount of CO2 generated by an individual, an organization, a country, or any other entity over a given period of time.
Q:
____________________ is a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants formed under the influence of UV radiation from the sun.
Q:
____________________ are harmful chemicals emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities.