Business Development

Q: Nuclear fission is a process where the nuclei of two isotopes of a light element are forced together at an extremely high temperature until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus with a release of energy that can be used to produce commercial energy. a. True b. False

Q: Nuclear power is now the world's fastest-growing energy source. a. True b. False

Q: The nuclear fuel cycle has a low net energy yield. a. True b. False

Q: Approximately 87% of the worlds commercial energy comes from fossil fuels. a. True b. False

Q: The world will very likely run out of oil in the next 10 to 20 years. a. True b. False

Q: The initial amount of low-quality energy available from an energy resource is its net energy yield. a. True b. False

Q: Explain the current problems associated with nuclear fusion.

Q: List the five criteria that some energy analysts say should be required by any new generation of nuclear power plants.

Q: Discuss the potential harmful effects of the continued horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing of natural gas in the United States.

Q: Discuss the role of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in controlling the worlds oil supplies.

Q: What are two ways to save money in existing buildings?

Q: Briefly explain why it is so expensive to close down a nuclear power plant.

Q: Why has Nobel Prizewinning chemist Paul Crutzen warned that intensive farming of biofuel crops could speed up atmospheric warming?

Q: Discuss one of the three general conclusions of experts regarding the future of energy.

Q: Outline three things that you can do to shift toward more sustainable energy use.

Q: Explain what the U.S. Department of Energy says about the potential for wind power in the United States.

Q: By using a mix of ____________________ resources, we can satisfy our energy needs while drastically reducing pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity losses.

Q: Improvements in ____________________ could save at least a third of the energy used in the world and up to 43% of the energy used in the United States.

Q: Energy sold in the market place is referred to as ____________________.

Q: The amount of power produced by nuclear power plants is regulated by ____________________, which can be moved into the reactor core to absorb neutrons.

Q: In the United States many experts suggest that the top priority for the national power transmission system should be updating to ____________________, which would include automated controls and high levels of energy efficiency.

Q: ____________________ loading washers are more efficient than ____________________ loading washers.

Q: The ____________________ are those not included in the market price of a resource because of subsidies and tax breaks.

Q: The heat stored in soil, underground rocks, and fluids in the earths mantle that we can use for the production of energy is called ____________________.

Q: Briefly explain why caution is advised in proceeding with the new and powerful use of nanotechnology.

Q: Draw a flow chart that explains the life cycle of a metal resource.

Q: A way that you can promote the sustainable use of nonrenewable minerals is to reuse or ____________________ metal products whenever possible.

Q: Redesigning ____________________ processes to use less mineral resources is a way that corporations and researchers could practice more sustainable use of nonrenewable minerals.

Q: Increasing ____________________ for reuse, recycling, and finding substitutes is a way that governments can promote the sustainable use of nonrenewable minerals.

Q: The amplitude or size of the seismic waves from an earthquake is measured by a recording instrument called a(n) ____________________.

Q: Magnitude is the measure of ground motion or tremors caused by an earthquake, as indicated by the ____________________ of seismic waves.

Q: Seismic waves move upward and outward from the earthquakes ____________________ like ripples in a pool of water

Q: Heating ores to release the metals they contain is called ____________________.

Q: The slowest natural cycle on and in Earth is the ____________________ cycle.

Q: Granite is a type of ____________________ rock.

Q: Earthquakes and volcanoes are largely related to the position of ____________________ as they separate, collide, and slide past one another.

Q: One of the environmental problems with gold mining is the leftover and sometimes leaky leach ponds that contain ____________________.

Q: The reduction of mining ____________________ is a way that governments can promote sustainable use of nonrenewable minerals.

Q: Thus far, the biologic mining method called ____________________ is economically feasible only with low-grade ores for which conventional mining methods are too expensive.

Q: Scientists use the Richter scale, on which each unit has a(n) ____________________ ten times greater then the next smaller unit, to classify earthquakes as insignificant, minor, damaging, destructive, major, or great.

Q: A volcano is created when ____________________ rises via plume or in a fissure through the lithosphere.

Q: A(n) ____________________ is an element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally in the earth's crust.

Q: A process in the rock cycle that results in the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles can be described as ____________________.

Q: Surface and subsurface mining accounts for about ___________________ of all U.S. solid waste.

Q: Under the rigid outer portion of the mantle is the ____________________, a zone of hot, partly melted flowing pliable rock.

Q: A(n) ____________________ forms when a preexisting rock is subjected to high temperatures, high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents.

Q: Match the items listed below with the appropriate description.Figure 12.3On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents the inner core.

Q: Match the items listed below with the appropriate description.Figure 12.3On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents the oceanic crust.

Q: Match the items listed below with the appropriate description.Figure 12.3On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents hot material rising through the mantle.

Q: Match the items listed below with the appropriate description.Figure 12.3On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents the continental crust.

Q: Match the items listed below with the appropriate description.Figure 12.3On the figure of the earth's crust, choose the letter that represents cold dense materials falling through the mantle.

Q: MatchingMatch each rock with its type.a. sedimentaryb. igneousc. metamorphicshale

Q: MatchingMatch each rock with its type.a. sedimentaryb. igneousc. metamorphicsandstone

Q: MatchingMatch each rock with its type.a. sedimentaryb. igneousc. metamorphicmarble

Q: MatchingMatch each rock with its type.a. sedimentaryb. igneousc. metamorphicgranite

Q: MatchingMatch each rock with its type.a. sedimentaryb. igneousc. metamorphicslate

Q: What is a surface hazard resulting from subsurface mining? a. highwalls b. fires c. explosions d. cave-ins e. subsidence

Q: What topographic feature is left behind at unreclaimed surface mines? a. vegetated terraces b. contours c. tailings d. decrepit buildings e. highwalls

Q: What is the international problem regarding mining on the ocean floor? a. pirates and thievery b. extreme water depth c. rights to minerals d. who is responsible for the clean up e. who will pay what taxes

Q: What are the chimney-like structures near the hot water vents that come into contact with cold seawater and precipitate out various metal sulfides? a. black smokers b. white smokers c. hydrothermal vents d. underwater volcanoes e. manganese pipes

Q: What kind of subsidies can governments use to promote sustainable use of nonrenewable minerals? a. clean-up and environmental compliance b. aggressive foreign policy and conflict where necessary c. market price and trade agreements d. mining and allowances e. reuse, recycling, and substitution programs

Q: What is the best way for governments to support more sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources? a. enactment of more treaties b. consensus on international policy c. enforcement of strict tax laws d. increased depletion allowances e. reduced mining subsidies

Q: The use of ____ is likely to play a large role in the predicted materials revolution. a. renewable minerals b. depletion allowances c. subsidies d. sustainable mining e. nanotechnology

Q: When there is a dispute about ____, it is often because of different assumptions about supplies and rates of use. a. strategic minerals b. subsidies c. depletion allowances d. market price e. depletion times

Q: The 17 ____ include scandium, yttrium, and 15 lanthanide chemical elements, including lanthanum. a. semi-precious minerals b. metallic ores c. non-metallic ores d. rare earth metals e. strategically important minerals

Q: Rare earth elements are not actually ____, but they are difficult to find in high enough concentrations and process at an economically viable price. a. economic b. rare c. mineable d. sustainable e. recoverable

Q: Experts are particularly concerned about the U.S. depletion and lack of national reserves of manganese, cobalt, chromium, and platinum because they are nonrenewable ____ resources. a. security metal b. strategic metal c. biogenic metal d. rare metal e. trace metal

Q: Most of the chemical elements and compounds found in ____ occur in such low concentrations that recovering these mineral resources takes more energy and money than they are worth. a. rare earth element deposits b. biomines c. recycling d. low-grade ores e. seawater

Q: What is the primary advantage of biomining? a. speed of processing b. volume of ore c. cost of implementing d. reduced environmental impact e. simplicity of the process

Q: What determines which part of a known ore supply is extracted and used? a. economics b. geology c. tax laws d. subsidies e. environmental regulations

Q: Acid mine drainage involves ____. a. the combination of water and acidic compounds used to process ores b. acid that drains out of gold mines c. rainwater from a mine carrying sulfuric acid to nearby streams and groundwater d. acid waste left over from the mining process e. identical processes to those of acid rain

Q: What industry produces more toxic emissions than any other in the U.S.? a. technology b. manufacturing c. energy d. mining e. automobile

Q: What types of mining operations produce three-fourths of all U.S. solid waste? a. strip and mountaintop removal b. open-pit and strip c. surface and subsurface d. area strip and mountaintop removal e. contour strip

Q: According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the resulting spoils from ____ have buried lengths of stream that are roughly equal to the distance between the two U.S. cities of New York and Chicago? a. subsurface mining b. mountaintop removal c. strip mining d. open-pit mining e. surface mining

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