Business Development

Q: The recycling process of what metal produces 95% less air pollution and 97% less water pollution, and uses 95% less energy than mining and processing its ore? a. copper b. lithium c. silica from glass d. steel e. aluminum

Q: The U.S. dependence on foreign sources of ____ could be lessened by a new process that extracts the valuable material from the brine waste of geothermal plants. a. lithium b. rare earth elements c. gold d. manganese e. zinc

Q: What is a mining technique in which shallow mineral deposits are removed by surface mining and involves the removal of vegetation, soil, and rock overlying a mineral deposit? a. mountaintop removal b. contour strip c. surface d. open-pit e. strip

Q: The greatest environmental impact would be caused by mining for ____ ore. a. a high-grade b. a moderate-grade c. a low-grade d. biomining e. hydrothermal

Q: Sand is composed mostly of ____ and is used to make glass, bricks, and concrete for the construction of roads and buildings. a. shells, skeletons, and other remains of dead aquatic organisms b. aluminum c. phosphate salts d. silicon dioxide (SiO2) e. calcium carbonate, or CaCO3

Q: A(n) ____ contains a large enough concentration of a particular mineral to make it profitable for mining and processing. a. organic mineral b. ore c. open-pit d. area strip mine e. ocean mineral deposit

Q: Slate and marble are ____ rocks. a. primary b. secondary c. metamorphic d. igneous e. sedimentary

Q: The ____ cycle is the slowest of Earths processes. a. hydrologic b. rock c. convection d. mineral formation e. metamorphic

Q: Lignite and bituminous coal are ____ rocks. a. metamorphic b. igneous c. tectonic d. ore e. sedimentary

Q: What rock is most likely to be formed from compacted plant remains? a. coal b. limestone c. rock salt d. marble e. granite

Q: What rock is most likely to be formed from compacted shells and skeletons? a. coal b. limestone c. rock salt d. marble e. granite

Q: What is the process that changes rocks from one variety to another when subjected to high temperatures (which may cause it to melt partially), high pressures, chemically active fluids, or a combination of these agents? a. magmatism b. metamorphism c. convection d. volcanism e. subduction

Q: What rock is formed when shale and mudstone are heated? a. coal b. limestone c. granite d. slate e. marble

Q: Although computer chips are partly made of crystals manufactured in a factory by humans, why is it that these chips cannot be called minerals? a. They do not exist in large enough quantities. b. They are not naturally occurring. c. They contain organic materials. d. They are not entirely solid. e. They contain no inorganic components.

Q: What major rock type is a limestone? a. organic b. igneous c. metamorphic d. sedimentary e. crystalline

Q: What process moves large volumes of rock and heat within Earths mantle like giant conveyer belts? a. convection current b. seismic activity c. plate motion d. subduction e. magmatism

Q: What is a reason that the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean caused so much devastation and death? a. lack of attention to dire predictions from emergency warning centers b. indicators of a weak storm by early detection systems c. no recording devices in place to provide an early warning of this tsunami d. no knowledge of the potential of earthquakes in this region e. assumptions that tsunamis caused little harm until this event

Q: The location of plate boundaries is most helpful is predicting the ____. a. formation of waterfalls and river canyons b. location of potential geologic hazards c. formation of ocean currents d. location of endangered species e. formation of weather

Q: Forces inside the earths mantle put tremendous stress on rock within the crust. Such stresses can be great enough to cause sudden breakage and shifting of the rock, producing ____ in the earths crust. a. acidification b. convection c. faults d. subduction e. crystallization

Q: Where is the focus of an earthquake located? a. deep underground at the very source of the earthquake b. at the point on land where the majority of movement, and the majority of damage, occurs c. at the point on land where the earthquake is first detected by a seismograph d. at the exact middle point of the earthquakes origin along the length of two faults e. on the earths surface directly above the origin of the earthquake

Q: What do we call the combination of crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle? a. oceanic crust b. asthenosphere c. lithosphere d. outer mantle e. rigid plates

Q: Where do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur? a. in the interior of continents b. on oceanic islands c. along the edge of plate boundaries d. in the open ocean e. in the U.S.

Q: What part of the mantle is the volume of hot, partly melted rock that flows? a. magma b. outer mantle c. inner mantle d. asthenosphere e. lithosphere

Q: What kind of movement does the heat within the core and mantle directly generate? a. convection cells or currents b. tsunamis c. earthquakes in the crust d. landslides e. seismic tremors within a volcano

Q: What toxic chemical do miners in poverty stricken countries use for mining gold? a. sulfuric acid b. mercury c. cyanide salts d. arsenic e. nitric acid

Q: After extracting the gold from a mine, ____ has allowed companies to walk away from cleaning up their mining operations. a. poor enforcement b. relaxed environmental laws c. market price d. bankruptcy e. outdated mining laws

Q: Gold ore can be removed ore with a highly toxic chemical called _____ through series of leaching operations. a. sulfuric acid b. nitric acid c. arsenic d. cyanide salts e. H2SO4

Q: Nanotechnologists envision technological innovations such as a flexible solar cell films that could be attached to or painted onto almost any surface. a. True b. False

Q: The United States National Academy of Sciences says that the federal government is not doing enough to evaluate potential risks from engineered nanomaterials. a. True b. False

Q: China dominates the world in the complex, lengthy, and environmentally harmful chemical process of converting rare earth minerals into individual metals and oxides. a. True b. False

Q: Each person in the U.S. uses an average of 24 tons of mineral resources per year. a. True b. False

Q: Earths crust contains scarce and quickly depleting deposits of iron and aluminum ores. a. True b. False

Q: A longer depletion-time estimate assumes no recycling or reuse and no increase in reserves. a. True b. False

Q: Reserves can be increased when higher prices make it profitable to mine deposits that previously were too expensive. a. True b. False

Q: The 500,000 surface-mined sites that dot the U.S. landscape are usually cleaned up and restored because it is required by law. a. True b. False

Q: Slate and marble are types of sedimentary rock. a. True b. False

Q: China has heavily regulated rare earth metal mining industry. a. True b. False

Q: There exists a relatively complete network of buoys and pressure recorders for a global tsunami warning system. a. True b. False

Q: A way to reduce death and damages from earthquakes is to study historical records and make geological measurements to locate active fault zones. a. True b. False

Q: The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a transform boundary. a. True b. False

Q: Volcanic activity is notoriously difficult to monitor such that making evacuation plans is nearly impossible. a. True b. False

Q: Important nonrenewable mineral resources are evenly distributed in Earth's crust. a. True b. False

Q: Surface mining can result in deforestation. a. True b. False

Q: A solution of highly toxic cyanide salts is used at approximately 90% of the worlds gold mines. a. True b. False

Q: Tectonic plates move extremely slowly atop the asthenosphere. a. True b. False

Q: Volcanoes are normally associated with transform faults. a. True b. False

Q: The dirt wall left after contour mining is called an overburden. a. True b. False

Q: High risk locations for earthquakes and tsunamis are not well known, and so events like a tsunami cannot be anticipated and preparations cannot be made in advance. a. True b. False

Q: Mining has polluted mountain streams in about 40% of the western U.S. watersheds and accounts for 50% of all the countrys emissions of toxic chemicals. a. True b. False

Q: Nonrenewable mineral resources renew over millions to billions of years. a. True b. False

Q: Water covers approximately ____% of Earth's surface. a. 51 b. 61 c. 71 d. 81 e. 91

Q: This system of dams and reservoirs on the ____ provides water and electricity from hydroelectric plants at the major dams for approximately one of every eight people in the U.S. and is used to produce about 15% of the nations crops and livestock. a. Ohio River b. Mississippi River c. Colorado River d. Columbia River e. Great Lakes

Q: Tap water in Palm Springs, California, most likely comes from a river that originated in northwestern Colorado. a. True b. False

Q: Preventing contamination is the least expensive and most effective way to protect groundwater resources. a. True b. False

Q: Land erosion can cause a major source water pollution through sediments that disrupt biotic activity. a. True b. False

Q: Most freshwater in the eastern U.S. is used for manufacturing and cooling power plants. a. True b. False

Q: Cruise ships are a significant source of pollution that dump toxic chemicals, garbage, sewage, and waste oil into the oceans. a. True b. False

Q: Agricultural activities are the leading cause of water pollution with organic chemicals and oxygen demanding wastes as the major pollutants. a. True b. False

Q: Heat is a major water pollutant that makes some species vulnerable to disease. a. True b. False

Q: The shrinkage of the Aral Sea has altered the local climate of the surrounding area. a. True b. False

Q: The use of dams, reservoirs, and water transfer projects has increased threats from flooding in some cases. a. True b. False

Q: Protecting wetlands will actually promote flooding. a. True b. False

Q: An oligotrophic lake tends to have relatively low levels of nutrients. a. True b. False

Q: Drip irrigation systems have an efficiency of 90 to 95%. a. True b. False

Q: Federal subsidies are provided to U.S. farmers who reduce water use in irrigation. a. True b. False

Q: Salt from the region of the Aral Sea is being blown onto the alpine glaciers of the Himalayas, and is causing them to melt at faster than normal rates. a. True b. False

Q: The creation of dams and reservoirs has decreased the annual reliable runoff available for human use. a. True b. False

Q: A source of groundwater contamination in coastal areas is saltwater intrusion. a. True b. False

Q: Eutrophication is a condition of natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow-moving stream. a. True b. False

Q: Global reduction of grain-fed beef consumption would help to reduce water shortages. a. True b. False

Q: The porous layers of sand, gravel, or rock in most aquifers are like large, elongated sponges through which groundwater seeps, which typically moves only a meter or so (about 3 feet) per year and rarely more than 0.3 meter (1 foot) per day. a. True b. False

Q: Drinking is the biggest use of water worldwide. a. True b. False

Q: Withdrawing freshwater from deep aquifers amounts to mining a nonrenewable resource. a. True b. False

Q: We are using freshwater unsustainably through waste and pollution, and do not charge enough for its use. a. True b. False

Q: A large amount of the world's drinking water comes from desalination. a. True b. False

Q: Most aquifers are rapidly recharged through precipitation that percolates downward through soil and rock. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the major issues associated with freshwater resources in the United States.

Q: List at least five things you are willing to do to help eliminate water waste. As part of your answer explain why these things are important.

Q: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of large dams and reservoirs.

Q: Explain what causes an oxygen sag curve and how this can impact natural populations in that ecosystem.

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