Business Development

Q: Strip cutting of timber is a method of harvesting that ____. a. harvests trees singly b. involves clearing trees along a contour of the land within a narrow corridor c. removes all trees from a very large area, with no attention to land contours d. is particularly damaging to the forest e. is promoted by logging companies because of the high profit margin

Q: Which type of forest is considered a reservoir of biodiversity? a. old-growth b. second-growth c. commercial d. tree plantation e. selective

Q: Removing all the trees from an area is called a ____. a. selective-cut b. clear-cut c. second-cut d. strip-cut e. purge-cut

Q: Old-growth forests are also known as ____. a. primary forests b. second-growth forests c. tree farms d. succession forests e. strip forests

Q: Ocean acidification is the result of ____. a. acid rain b. the ocean absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere c. eutrophication d. ecosystem changes induced by overfishing e. warming ocean water

Q: One way to protect houses and other building in fire-prone areas is to thin trees and other vegetation in a zone around them. a. True b. False

Q: Once an area of tropical forest is logged and burned, ranchers can graze cattle there for decades. a. True b. False

Q: Studies indicate that at least half of the worlds known species of terrestrial plants, animals, and insects live in tropical forests. a. True b. False

Q: Scientific studies show that in fully protected marine reserves, on average, commercially valuable fish populations double and fish increase in size. a. True b. False

Q: Overfishing is an example of the tragedy of the commons. a. True b. False

Q: Ocean acidification benefits organisms that produced calcium carbonate shells, but harms other species. a. True b. False

Q: When managed properly, ecotourism can be a useful form of reconciliation ecology, but without proper controls, it can lead to degradation of popular sites if visitors overrun them. a. True b. False

Q: About 40% of the earths land area (not including Antarctica) is protected as nature reserves, parks, or wilderness areas. a. True b. False

Q: One way to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity would be to map the worlds terrestrial ecosystems and create an inventory of the species contained in each of them, along with the ecosystem services they provide. a. True b. False

Q: About 96% of parklands in less-developed countries are protected. a. True b. False

Q: Costa Rica is a global conservation leader. a. True b. False

Q: Conservation concessions involve governments or private conservation organizations paying nations for agreeing to preserve their natural resources. a. True b. False

Q: One way to reduce the demand for tree cutting is to increase the use of throwaway paper products made from trees. a. True b. False

Q: A program called a debt-for-nature swap makes it financially attractive for countries to protect their tropical forests. a. True b. False

Q: Surface fires burn away flammable material such as dry brush, increasing the likelihood of more destructive fires. a. True b. False

Q: Surface fires free valuable plant nutrients tied up in slowly decomposing litter and undergrowth. a. True b. False

Q: Commercial forests have the same biodiversity as old-growth forests. a. True b. False

Q: Water evaporating from trees and vegetation in tropical rain forests has little effect on the amount of rainfall there. a. True b. False

Q: Traditional medicines are derived mostly from plant species that are native to forests. a. True b. False

Q: Tree plantations can help protect the worlds remaining old-growth and second-growth forests, as long as the forests are not cleared to make room for tree plantations. a. True b. False

Q: Removing dams and allowing rivers to flow freely can help restore biodiversity. a. True b. False

Q: A tree plantation, also called a tree farm or commercial forest, is a managed forest containing only one or two species of trees that are all of the same age. a. True b. False

Q: Today, forests in the United States (including tree plantations) cover more area than they did in 1920. a. True b. False

Q: Forest fires cause the germination of seeds of certain tree species. a. True b. False

Q: Costa Rica now has very low biodiversity. a. True b. False

Q: Polar bears might be found only in ____________________ by the end of this century.

Q: ____________________ are environmental indicators because they live in every climate and biome, respond quickly to environmental changes in their habitats, and are fairly easy to track and count.

Q: The endangered species act requires that all commercial shipments of wildlife products ____. a. be inspected for disease carrying animals b. enter or leave the country through one of 17 designated ports c. file for appropriate permits through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service d. pay heavy import taxes that discourage trafficking of endangered species e. occur in specially designed container that protect animals and plants

Q: When it comes to wood products, what is the most important step you can take to help protect endangered species? a. Do not buy furs or ivory. b. Do not buy wood products from tropical or old-growth forests. c. Do not buy pet animals from the tropics. d. Support your local forester. e. Avoid having campfires.

Q: What HIPPCO activity is the main threat to the beaches where endangered sea turtles breed? a. invasive species b. pollution c. fragmentation d. climate change e. use of pesticides

Q: What is to the best approach to preserving genetic information for endangered plant species? a. national laws b. protected areas c. wildlife refuges d. arboretums e. seed banks

Q: What agency or group is responsible for studying the status of threatened dolphins and whether it should be listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act? a. Environmental Protection Agency b. CITES c. National Marine Fisheries Service d. Convention on Biological Diversity e. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Q: What does the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) specifically address? a. poaching of all protected wild species b. determining which species become listed as threatened c. banning the hunting, capturing, and selling of threatened or endangered species d. establishing trade laws for all economically important wild species e. legally requiring governments to reduce the global rate of biodiversity loss

Q: A small orchid plant that is found only on a tiny island in the Atlantic Ocean, just off the coast of Florida, has been listed as an endangered species. Which agency was responsible for listing this plant as endangered? a. National Marine Fisheries Service b. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service c. U.S. Botanical Survey d. International Commission on Rare Plants e. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

Q: Recent genetic research indicates that ____ or more individuals are needed for an endangered species to maintain its capacity for biological evolution. a. 10 b. 100 c. 1,000 d. 10,000 e. 100,000

Q: Captive breeding programs in zoos ____. a. eliminate the need to preserve critical habitats b. can be used for most species except mammals c. increase the genetic variability of species d. require the captive population to number between 100 and 500 e. are largely unsuccessful

Q: Egg pulling refers to ____. a. techniques used to extend the breeding span of captured birds b. collecting eggs from the wild and hatching them in zoos or research centers c. using fertility drugs to increase productivity d. production of hybrids in captive breeding programs e. collecting unfertilized eggs from ovaries of wild animals

Q: The Endangered Species Act was designed to ____. a. catalogue and protect threatened species from extinction in the United States b. identify and protect endangered species only in the United States c. identify and protect endangered species in the United States and abroad d. develop recovery plans for listed species more quickly e. emphasize the protection of biological diversity and ecosystem functioning

Q: Why has the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity been slow? a. lack of acceptance by the United Nations b. war and conflict in many biodiversity hotspots c. inability of poor countries to enforce the conventions d. lack of ratification by key counties including the United States. e. difficulties in controlling poaching

Q: According to a 2013 study by the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD), almost ____ of the ESAprotected species are recovering at the rate projected in their recovery plans. a. none b. 90% c. 35% d. 20% e. 10%

Q: In a biomagnification situation, a chemical pollutant ____ at each trophic level in a food chain or web. a. decreases b. increases c. becomes less concentrated d. changes e. enters the system

Q: The international illegal trade in wildlife brings in an average of ____. a. $600,000 per year b. $1.8 million per hour c. $1.1 million per year d. $500,000 per hour e. $100 million per year

Q: Establishing international treaties that ban the transfer of potentially harmful species from one country to another is a good way to control ____. a. overexploitation b. poaching c. population growth d. habitat fragmentation e. invasive species

Q: The decline in approximately 70% of the worlds bird species is particularly alarming to scientists because ____. a. this is the first time any bird species have been threatened with declining numbers b. the cause is a non-human activity that scientists cannot determine. c. only land birds are affected, while water birds seem to be maintaining normal population numbers d. birds are excellent environmental indicators e. bird watching now generates a significant portion of tourist dollars in some countries

Q: The major factor in the population explosion of the zebra mussel in the Great Lakes region is ____. a. the zebra mussels specialist ecological niche b. because it has a hard shell that protects it from predation c. its ability to latch onto to boats and travel to new locations d. the illegal importation for restaurant food e. its rapid reproductive rate and its lack of natural enemies that might control its population

Q: The extinction capital of the United States is ____. a. Florida, with 63% of its species at risk b. Key West, with 72% of its species at risk c. California, with 63% of its species at risk d. Hawaii, with 63% of its species at risk e. Puerto Rico, with 63% of its species at risk

Q: What is the best way to reduce threats from invasive species? a. eradication b. prevention c. pesticides d. genetic engineering e. technology and science

Q: With the absence of emergency action to curtail ____ and preserve tiger habitat, few if any tigers, including the Sumatran tiger, will be left in the wild by 2022. a. pollution b. climate change c. invasive species d. fragmentation e. poaching

Q: HIPPCO is ____. a. an acronym that summarizes the Endangered Species Act goals b. an acronym to summarize the direct causes of extinction resulting from human activities c. the name of an ecotourism company in Africa that specializes in hippopotamus sightings d. an acronym to summarize the health care right to privacy act e. an trading company in Africa that sells hippopotamus hides

Q: The Argentina fire ant is ____. a. extinct because of insecticides b. threatened c. endangered d. an accidentally introduced species e. a deliberately introduced species

Q: Kudzu was deliberately introduced to the U.S. to help ____. a. stabilize honey bee populations b. eliminate other invasive species c. control soil erosion d. manage colony collapse disorders in various species e. produce sustainable food sources

Q: The Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified or accepted by 193 countries. Which country was NOT among those who ratified this treaty? a. Russia b. China c. The United Kingdom d. Canada e. The United States

Q: What is a threat to 60% of the U.S. wildlife refuges? a. ecotourism and hunting b. invasive species c. human population growth d. habitat fragmentation e. mining, oil drilling, and use of offroad vehicles

Q: The greatest threat to species habitat loss is ____. a. climate change b. pollution c. tropical deforestation d. desertification e. invasive species

Q: The greatest threat to most species is ____. a. loss of habitat b. water pollution c. parasites d. sport hunting e. global drought conditions

Q: What is the cause of extinction and reduction in wild species that compete for resources with humans? a. hunting similar prey b. use of pesticides that inadvertently kill wild species c. human population growth d. pollution e. invasive species

Q: There are an estimated 50,000 to 60,000 orangutans in the wild that are ____ at a rate of 1,000 to 2,000 per year. a. becoming threatened b. becoming endangered c. increasing speciation d. raising ecotourism dollars e. disappearing

Q: A bioprospector is someone who ____. a. searches for plants that can be used as biofuels b. tests plants and animals in various ecosystems to find chemicals that are potentially useful as medicinal drugs c. searches for new way to economically exploit animals d. prospects for wild organic foods e. is a biologists and medical doctor who works for private industry

Q: A major reason for preventing extinction is the belief of many people that ____. a. all species have economic value b. nature has a spiritual value c. wild species have a right to exist d. animals have the same rights as humans e. there is recreational value of species to humans

Q: Various plant species provide value as food crops, fuelwood, lumber, and paper from trees, and useful scientific knowledge. What term best describes this type of value? a. natural benefits b. ecotourist value c. ecologic provisions d. economic services e. bioprospecting

Q: While the hide of a male lion in Kenya will bring in $1,000, if the same male lion lives to age seven, he would bring in approximately ____ ecotourist dollars. a. a few hundred b. a few thousand c. $5,000 d. $515,000 e. $1,000,000

Q: Some biodiversity experts advise us to focus our biodiversity conservation efforts on ____. a. slowing high rates of extinction in biodiversity hotspots b. slowing extinction in temperature deciduous forests c. saving single important species d. saving the polar bear which is the most endangered of all creatures e. saving fish populations because of their importance as a food source for humans

Q: The speciesarea relationship suggests that if 90% of a coral reef is lost, then ____. a. 90% of the species utilizing the reef will go extinct b. 100% of the species will go extinct c. 50% of the species will go extinct d. speciation of invasive animals will increase e. the habitat will forever become fragmented

Q: Why is it important to know the background and projected extinction rates for global species? a. At least 25% and as many as 50% of the worlds roughly 2 million identified animal and plant species could vanish b. The speciation rate of pests could increase to 1,000 times the background rate. c. More species are becoming endangered in well-populated and developed countries. d. More species are becoming threatened in well-populated and developed countries. e. Background extinction rates are rising at an accelerating rate.

Q: Biologists warn that human activities might actually increase the ____ for various weeds and pests. a. ecological services b. habitat fragmentation c. extinction rates d. biodiversity e. speciation rate

Q: Extinction recoveries can ____. a. never happen b. take several million years c. happen over a few hundred years d. be detrimental to existing species e. only happen in the absence human activity

Q: An endangered species is best described as any species that ____. a. has fewer than two individuals remaining b. is in danger of becoming rare c. will soon become extinct in all or part of its range d. may eventually become threatened e. is considered economically important

Q: A biologist is most likely to say that the honeybee is ____. a. endangered b. migrating away because of climate change c. going extinct d. experiencing colony collapse disorder e. threatened

Q: The current rate of extinction is ____ compared to the rate that existed before humans arrived on the earth. a. about the same b. slightly less c. up to 1,000 times higher d. almost 1,000 times lower e. fluctuating wildly

Q: Polar bears might only be found in ____ at the end of this century. a. areas with icebergs b. very limited areas c. zoos d. the immediate north and south pole regions e. remote mountains with glaciers

Q: What does the increase in incidents of polar bears visiting human settlements indicate? a. Polar bear populations are not declining. b. Limited prey is driving the bears to seek food in human settlements. c. Polar bear populations are increasing. d. Human food is more appealing to polar bears than wild seals. e. Polar bear populations are increasing and human food is more appealing.

Q: What is currently the most important threat to the survival of polar bears? a. pollutants driven by currents from oceans in more temperate climate zones b. hunting by native populations c. disruptions from tourism d. limited hunting opportunities due to less floating ice e. slow extinction as a result of documented global population cycles

Q: The butchering and eating of some forms of bushmeat has helped to spread diseases such as HIV/AIDS and the Ebola virus. a. True b. False

Q: Some plant species could go extinct if bird species become displaced by climate change and habitat loss. a. True b. False

Q: A decline in bird species simply means that the birds have migrated elsewhere because of their ability to fly. a. True b. False

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