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Q:
Early and modern agriculture has been a major factor in the rapid rise of the human population.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A declining population can threaten the governments ability to fund pensions and health-care costs for retirees.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Death rates are very high during the preindustrial stage of demographic transitions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Human population growth since 1960 has been evenly distributed around the world.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Birth and death rates generally decline as countries develop economically.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Urban areas are attracting more and more residents, partly because of the hope for employment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Over the last 200 years, death rates have dropped sharply because of improved sanitation and health care and the development of antibiotics and vaccines to help control infectious diseases.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Family planning, economic opportunities for women, and schooling for girls generally produces a higher birth rate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Give one reason why taxing gasoline heavily would be difficult in the United States.
Q:
Give two reasons why larger families are still common in India, despite access to modern birth control methods.
Q:
Explain how demographic transition changes a countrys population growth rate over time.
Q:
Explain how a city affects local climate conditions.
Q:
Explain the term demographic momentum and provide a real-life example.
Q:
Briefly discuss the baby boomers and their effect on our population profile.
Q:
Explain why the availability (or lack) of private and public pension systems can influence the number of children some couples have, especially the poor in less-developed countries.
Q:
Explain why empowerment of women tends to slow population growth.
Q:
Explain this statement: The world's population growth has slowed, but the world's population is still growing. Include a comment about where the slowing has occurred.
Q:
Can the city you now live in become an eco-city? Name four things your city could do to begin a transition to eco-city status. Hint: Think of the processes now in place in Curitiba, Brazil.
Q:
Most ____________________ areas are unsustainable systems.
Q:
As countries become more industrialized and economically developed, their populations tend to grow more ____________________ (slowly/quickly).
Q:
The global population of seniors people who are 65 and older is projected to triple between 2013 and 2050, when one of every ____________________ individuals is a senior.
Q:
Analysts vary as to their opinion of which factor is the more serious threat to the earths life support systems: ____________________ or ____________________.
Q:
Chinas family planning and birth control program was instituted because of a serious threat of ____________________.
Q:
A city that allows people to choose walking, biking, or mass transit for most transportation needs; to recycle or reuse most of their wastes; to grow much of their food; and to protect biodiversity by preserving surrounding land is called a(n) ____________________.
Q:
One view of population growth proposes that____________________ advances have allowed humans to avoid the pressure of environmental limits that all populations of other species face.
Q:
____________________ is a set of policies and tools that allow and encourage more environmentally sustainable urban development with less dependence on cars.
Q:
When births plus immigration exceed deaths plus emigration, a population _________________________.
Q:
Residents of dispersed cities that grow outward often rely on motor vehicles for most of their transportation, but residents of compact cities that grow ____________________ get around by walking, biking, or using mass transit.
Q:
Unwanted, disturbing, or harmful sound that damages, impairs, or interferes with hearing, causes stress, hampers concentration and work efficiency, or causes accidents is called ____________________.
Q:
The growth of low-density development on the edges of cities and towns is called ____________________.
Q:
____________________ involves the provision of education and clinical services that can help couples to choose how many children to have and when to have them.
Q:
People who have to leave their homes and sometimes their countries because of water or food shortages, soil erosion, or some other form of environmental degradation or depletion are called ____________________.
Q:
The movement of people into and out of specific geographic areas is called ____________________.
Q:
Human populations grow or decline in particular countries, cities, or other areas through the interplay of three factors: births, ____________________, and migration.
Q:
____________________ is the average number of years a person born in the year of the estimate can be expected to live.
Q:
The period of high birth rates in the United States between 1946 and 1964 is known as the ____________________.
Q:
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.10On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which death rates decrease and birth rates are high.
Q:
____________________ refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.
Q:
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.10On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which most countries experience zero growth rate.
Q:
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.10On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage that has a high birth rate and a high death rate.
Q:
Match the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.10On the generalized model of the demographic transition, choose the stage in which population growth continues but at a slower and rate.
Q:
MatchingMatch the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.7On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that shows a declining population.
Q:
MatchingMatch the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.7On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram that represents a population that is increasing slowly.
Q:
MatchingMatch the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.7On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with demographic momentum.
Q:
MatchingMatch the items listed below with the appropriate choice.Figure 6.7On the generalized population age structure figure, choose the diagram with similar numbers of males and females in the prereproductive as in the reproductive age.
Q:
Most cities do not benefit from the free ecosystem services provided by ____, including air purification, generation of oxygen, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide, control of soil erosion, and the provision of habitat for wildlife.a. meat productionb. the oceanc. rainforests in the tropicsd. bacteriae. vegetation
Q:
In an eco-city, plants are utilized to provide shade and beauty. Typically, the plants are ____.a. always fast-growing, broadleaf plantsb. adapted to local climate and soilsc. adapted so they do not use much waterd. resistant to pestse. always endemic plants
Q:
An eco-city is ____.a. car-orientedb. industry-orientedc. profit-orientedd. people-orientede. family-oriented
Q:
Smart growth tools include greenbelts around cities, promoting mixed use of housing and small businesses, and ____.a. extensive freeway networks to provide efficient travel to and from workb. concentrating development away from mass transportation routesc. taxing land instead of buildingsd. avoiding the construction of expensive mass transit systemse. leaving abandoned urban sites as they are
Q:
The population of a country will decline if its age structure diagram ____.a. is widest in the middleb. does not change in width until the very topc. is shaped like a skinny pyramidd. is shaped like a broad-based pyramide. is wider at the top than at the bottom
Q:
In 1969, planners in which Brazilian city decided to focus on an inexpensive and efficient mass-transit system rather than on the car?a. Rio de Janeirob. Curitibac. Porto Alegred. Salvadore. Natal
Q:
Which of the following takes the fewest resources to manufacture?a. rapid railb. mass transit railc. busesd. carse. bicycles
Q:
One an advantage of buses in cities is that they ____.a. cost-effective only in densely populated areasb. are quiet and nonpollutingc. burn no fossil fuelsd. uses less land than roads and parking lots usee. can be rerouted as needed
Q:
One disadvantage of bicycle use in cities is that it ____.a. results in lost revenues for the cityb. can add to traffic, noise, and pollutionc. commits riders to transportation schedulesd. provides little protection in an accidente. is expensive to build and maintain the system
Q:
Car-sharing networks work by ____.a. providing vehicles that members can reserve for useb. connecting people who want to purchase a car as a group and share itc. connecting people who could ride together to get to workd. enabling people to rent out their vehicles when they are not using theme. helping small groups of people invest in new taxi services
Q:
Some governments have addressed the problems associated with slums and squatter settlements by granting legal titles to the land because ____.a. they are forced to by protests and riotsb. residents can use the title to get loansc. poor people usually improve their living conditions once they know they have a permanent place to lived. property taxes then provide enough funds to extend services into these arease. this absolves the government of any obligation to assist the residents
Q:
"Fecal snow" can blanket parts of ____.a. Sao Paulob. Mexico Cityc. Calcuttad. Rio de Janeiroe. Bombay
Q:
Proponents of high gasoline taxes urge governments to help finance mass transit systems. Currently, most of the revenue from gasoline taxes in the United States is used ____.a. for social programsb. to fund more efficient motor vehiclesc. to ease the tax burden on the poord. to reduce the price of motor vehiclese. for building and improving highways for motor vehicles
Q:
Which of the following is an advantage of motor vehicles?a. Motor vehicles reduce traffic congestion in cities.b. Motor vehicles reduce carbon dioxide emissions.c. Motor vehicles produce very little pollution.d. Motor vehicle accidents are common.e. Motor vehicles are responsible for much of the worlds economy in terms of production and related services.
Q:
Urban populations occupy only about 3% of the earth's land area, but they consume ____ of its resources.a. 10%b. 20%c. 45%d. 55%e. 75%
Q:
Since 1980, the U.S. population has ____.a. shifted to the north and eastb. shifted to the north and westc. shifted to the south and eastd. shifted to the south and weste. shifted to the north as people seek cooler areas because of global warming
Q:
Pollutant levels in cities are ____.a. the same as in rural areas because of atmospheric mixingb. generally lower than in suburbsc. generally higher than in rural areasd. rapidly increasing all around the worlde. rapidly decreasing all around the world
Q:
Areas on the outskirts of cities where people build shacks from corrugated metal, plastic sheets, scrap wood, and other scavenged building materials are called ____.a. urban islandsb. tenementsc. suburbsd. shantytownse. exurbs
Q:
Central-city dwellers ____.a. use more energy to heat and cool buildings than people elsewhereb. tend to drive less and rely more on public transportationc. have less access to family planning than people living in rural areasd. suffer higher infant mortality than rural populationse. tend to lack access to education
Q:
Between 1850 and 2013, the global urban revolution resulted in urban population increasing from ____.a. 2% to 52%b. 7% to 22%c. 14% to 33%d. 15% to 92%e. 45% to 95%
Q:
Urban sprawl is partly the product of ____.a. the desire of many city-dwellers to reconnect with natureb. uneven taxationc. the high cost of open landd. public transportatione. federal and state funding of highways and inadequate urban planning
Q:
The population of ____ is projected to drop 24% by 2050.a. Japanb. the United Statesc. Chinad. Indiae. Uganda
Q:
One of the cultural preferences driving couples to continue having children in India is ____.a. the preference for female childrenb. the desire to have both male and female childrenc. the preference for male childrend. a child benefit paid by the governmente. a prohibition against birth control methods
Q:
The demographic transition model helps to explain why ____.
a. death rates rise in industrializing nations
b. industrialization leads to population growth
c. development requires large populations
d. birth rates fall before death rates
e. death rates fall before birth rates
Q:
Women receive about ____ of the world's income.a. 1%b. 10%c. 25%d. 50%e. 75%
Q:
The term demographic transition refers to ____.
a. a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable
b. the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity
c. the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized
d. the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred when the germ theory of disease was discovered
e. a stabilization of crude birth rates
Q:
Women possess ____ of the world's land.
a. 2%
b. 13%
c. 35%
d. 52%
e. 76%
Q:
Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?
a. a large population size
b. a large number of people age 29 to 44
c. a large number of people under age 34
d. a large number of people under age 15
e. a large number of people over the age of 45
Q:
Rapidly growing countries have an age structure that ____.
a. forms an inverted pyramid
b. has a broad-based pyramid
c. shows little variation in population by age
d. has a narrow pyramid
e. has a relatively large postreproductive population
Q:
Age structure diagrams ____.
a. show only two age groups: reproductive and not reproductive
b. show the number of males and females in the reproductive age categories only
c. are strictly for present use and do not provide insight into future trends
d. are useful for studying developing countries but not developed countries
e. are useful for predicting population momentum
Q:
Educational and employment opportunities available for women affect population growth because ____.
a. infant mortality rates tend to increase
b. competition in the workforce leaves men less financially secure
c. emigration increases
d. total fertility rates tend to be low when women have access to education and paid employment outside the home
e. total fertility rates tend to be higher when women have the financial security to have more children
Q:
One reason birth and fertility rates in more-developed countries tend to be lower is that ____.
a. infant mortality is higher
b. the cost of raising and educating children is much higher
c. pollution has drastically decreased fertility in these countries
d. all of these countries have restrictions on the number of children a couple can have
e. marriage is much less common
Q:
The importance of children as a part of the labor force, especially in less-developed countries, ____.
a. drives down employment among adults
b. is a result of low birth rates
c. affects birth rates because many poor couples need many children to help with daily tasks
d. controls immigration rates
e. drives up resource use per person
Q:
A high infant mortality rate is usually associated with ____.
a. a high standard of living
b. undernutrition
c. obesity
d. air pollution
e. affluence
Q:
Some analysts consider the United States to be the worlds most overpopulated country because ____.
a. it has the highest population density of any country
b. it has the largest population of any country
c. the rate of resource use per person is so high
d. of the annual ratio of immigrants to births
e. the total fertility rate is currently at an all-time high