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Q: A relationship in which both species benefit best illustrates ____. a. competition b. predation c. mutualism d. parasitism e. commensalism

Q: A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed to any significant degree best illustrates ____. a. competition b. predation c. commensalism d. parasitism e. mutualism

Q: A relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or in a member of another species, which is harmed by the interaction, best illustrates ____. a. competition b. predation c. mutualism d. parasitism e. commensalism

Q: Species that have a capacity for a high rate of population increase are called ____. a. logistic species b. s-curve species c. postreproductive species d. r-selected species e. commensalism species

Q: You are an evolutionary entomologist. You have observed beetles that can raise their abdomens and give off a defensive chemical that generally repels predators. You discover a new species of beetle that raises its abdomen in a threatening way similar to the first species, but no defensive chemical is given off. You are most likely to characterize this defensive strategy as a form of ____. a. camouflage b. chemical warfare c. mimicry d. flight mechanism e. warning coloration

Q: Some prey species use ____ to scare off predators by puffing up (blowfish), spreading their wings (peacocks), or mimicking a predator. a. camouflage b. chemical warfare c. parasitism d. commensalism e. behavioral strategies

Q: The obvious relationship demonstrated by a food chain is ____. a. competition b. predation c. parasitism d. mutualism e. commensalism

Q: Some species have evolved warning coloration, which ____. a. blinds their prey b. makes them look large and intimidating c. signals that they are about to attack d. advertises that they are bad-tasting, bad-smelling, or stinging e. signals to others in their group that they should flee

Q: One threat to kelp forests is ____. a. polluted water running off the land and into coastal waters b. human consumption c. increasing forest fires d. growing populations of sharks e. soil erosion

Q: Hawks typically forage for their rodent prey species during the daytime. While owls may eat similar prey species, and live in the same area, they forage during the night. This is best described as an example of ____. a. interspecific competition b. mutualism c. parasitism d. predation e. resource partitioning

Q: Sea otters play a role in maintaining the biodiversity of which ecosystem? a. tidal pools b. coastal kelp forests c. coastal sandy beaches d. open ocean areas e. estuaries

Q: Two bird species that evolve to eat different insect species to reduce competition are demonstrating ____. a. resource partitioning b. commensalism c. mutualism d. mimicry e. resilience

Q: Competition within a species is called ____. a. specific competition b. interspecific competition c. intraspecific competition d. commensalism e. partitioning

Q: Scientists hypothesize that some southern sea otters might be dying because coastal area cat owners flush cat litter containing parasites in feces down their toilets or dump it in storm drains that empty into coastal waters. a. True b. False

Q: Resource partitioning reduces the number of species that can share a given resource. a. True b. False

Q: Southern sea otters were hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. a. True b. False

Q: K-selected species tend to be opportunists. a. True b. False

Q: Different limiting factors are important for different kinds of environments. a. True b. False

Q: A populations age structure is usually defined in terms of organisms in the prereproductive stage, reproductive stage, and postreproductive stage. a. True b. False

Q: Some ecosystems, like tropical rain forests, have high inertia but arent very resilient. a. True b. False

Q: Predation is the only form that interspecific competition takes. a. True b. False

Q: Individuals within a population may also have slightly different tolerance ranges for temperature or other factors because of small differences in their genetic makeup, health, or age. a. True b. False

Q: Epiphytes are parasitic plants that grow on trees. a. True b. False

Q: Bacteria in the digestive systems of animals that help to break down the animals food, and in return receive a sheltered habitat and food, are examples of mutualism. a. True b. False

Q: The process of secondary ecological succession would typically follow a forest fire. a. True b. False

Q: When populations of two different species interact over a long period of time, changes in the gene pool of populations of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other a process called commensalism. a. True b. False

Q: The human population can maintain an exponential growth rate indefinitely because we are exempt from population crashes. a. True b. False

Q: A population's growth rate will increase after the population reaches its carrying capacity. a. True b. False

Q: A late loss population typically has high survivorship to a certain age, then high mortality. a. True b. False

Q: Most interspecific competition involves one species becoming more efficient than others in obtaining the resources it needs. a. True b. False

Q: When two species compete with one another for the same resource, their niches overlap. a. True b. False

Q: The venom of a poisonous snake is an example of secondary ecological succession. a. True b. False

Q: How are geographic isolation and reproductive isolation related?

Q: Prey species are those that feed directly on all or part of another organism. a. True b. False

Q: How do the ecological niches of generalist species differ from those of specialist species?

Q: Clearly explain how large-scale mass extinctions can actually lead to evolutionary opportunities.

Q: Clearly explain the relationship between the geologic process of plate tectonics and the biological process of evolution over geologic time.

Q: Why doesnt survival of the fittest mean survival of the strongest?

Q: Why could honeybees be considered a keystone species?

Q: Briefly describe the concept of functional diversity.

Q: How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?

Q: How does natural selection change the genetic makeup of a population over time?

Q: List the four components of biodiversity.

Q: ____________________ is a significant rise in extinction rates above the background level.

Q: Holding the pen or pencil for taking this exam is one of the things you can do as a human because you have _____________________.

Q: The scientific theory of evolution explains how life on the earth changes over time due to changes in the genes of____________________.

Q: Genes mutate, ____________________ are selected, and populations____________________.

Q: Desert, prairie grassland, and coniferous forest with distinct climates and certain species are all examples of ____________________.

Q: Earth's variety of deserts, forests, and grasslands are all examples of _____________________.

Q: Species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem are called _____________________.

Q: Species that are found in only one area are called ____________________ and are especially vulnerable to extinction.

Q: Typically speaking, organisms that are described as ____________________ tend to have broad niches.

Q: In a process called ____________________, one species splits into two of more different species.

Q: ____________________ is the process whereby the earths life changes over time through changes in the genes of populations of organisms in succeeding generations.

Q: Mutations can occur in any cell type, however only those that occur in ____________________ are passed on to offspring, thus allowing for evolution.

Q: The process by which an entire species ceases to exist is called ____________________.

Q: ____________________ are random changes in the structure or number of DNA molecules in a cell.

Q: ____________________ are changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that can be inherited by offspring.

Q: ____________________ are mineralized or petrified replicas of skeletons, bones, teeth, shells, leaves, and seeds, or imprints of such items found in rocks.

Q: A(n) ____________________ includes an organism's range of tolerance for physical and chemical conditions.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityA population of fish contains fish of several different colors.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityOregon and Washington have wet, dry, and high elevation regions.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityCoral reefs are known for their very high number of species.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityA wetland ecosystem cycles nitrogen as well as phosphorus.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityA disease only affects a portion of a population, as the others are immune.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversitySome tropical forests contain thousands of producer species.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityCoastal states in the United States typically have more ecosystems than land-locked states.

Q: MatchingMatch the type of diversity with the proper choice below.a. functional diversityb. genetic diversityc. ecological diversityd. species diversityCaribbean snails of the same population exhibit a variety of shell colors and banding patterns.

Q: What is a misconception about biological evolution through natural selection?a. Humans evolved from a common ancestor with apes.b. Adaptive traits allow organisms to reproduce at a higher rate than others.c. Geographic isolation can result in species evolving in different directions.d. Only genetic mutations that occur in reproductive cells are passed on to offspring.e. Evolution explains the origin of life.

Q: Sharks are especially vulnerable to population declines because ____.a. they cannot tolerate changes in water temperatureb. they are susceptible to many more diseases than most speciesc. they often deplete the populations of their preyd. they grow slowly, mature late, and have only a few offspring per generatione. they are prey for so many species

Q: Those species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem are ____.a. keystone speciesb. exotic speciesc. native speciesd. nonnative speciese. indicator species

Q: Under rapidly changing environmental conditions, ____ usually have an advantage.a. specialist speciesb. generalist speciesc. indicator speciesd. amphibianse. keystone species

Q: Species diversity is important because ____.a. ecosystems with high levels of species diversity tend to be more stableb. if a few species go extinct, the consequences are not that long-termc. it ensures that theres plenty of competition for niches, resulting in fitter speciesd. functional diversity is lower when species diversity is highe. it increases ecosystem diversity

Q: Which statement is true with regard to keystone species?a. Animals can be keystone species, but plants cannot.b. Top predators can be keystone species, but other animals cannot.c. Insects can never be keystone species because they are pests.d. Some keystone species are more vulnerable to extinction than other species.e. A species must have a very large population size in order to be a keystone species.

Q: A species that is found only on one island would be described as ____.a. adaptiveb. the product of artificial selectionc. a keystone speciesd. an indicator speciese. endemic

Q: A species that can live in many different places and eat a variety of foods could be described as ____.a. endemicb. exoticc. a specialist speciesd. a generalist speciese. a native species

Q: When environmental conditions change dramatically or rapidly, a population of a species faces three possible futures: adapt to the new conditions through natural selection, migrate (if possible) to another area with more favorable conditions, or ____.a. wait until conditions improveb. crossbreed with another speciesc. become extinctd. control environmental conditionse. become invasive

Q: ____ is a technology that enables scientists to make new sequences of DNA and to use such genetic information to design and create new cells, tissues, organisms, and devices, and to redesign natural biological systems.a. Synthetic biologyb. Artificial selectionc. Reproductive isolationd. Speciatione. Adaptation

Q: Artificial selection can be achieved by ____.a. ensuring that more individuals survive to reproductive ageb. not interfering with the survival of the fittestc. selective breedingd. geographic isolatione. increasing competition for niches

Q: An intertidal species of sea star helps to maintain the diversity of the intertidal region by controlling the mussel population. Without the sea star, the mussel population would crowd out other species and take over their territory. The sea star could be called a(n) ____.a. indicator speciesb. keystone speciesc. foundation speciesd. aggressive speciese. repressor species

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