Business Development

Q: The ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate a chemical such as a pesticide or antibiotic designed to kill it and to reproduce more rapidly than the members of the population that do not have such genetic traits is called ____.a. synthetic biologyb. genetic engineeringc. crossbreedingd. genetic resistancee. heritability

Q: Which statement best describes an organism's habitat?a. nutrient relationships with other speciesb. place or type of ecosystem in which a species livesc. types of resource requirementsd. range of tolerance to different physical and chemical conditionse. types of competitors

Q: ____ is the most common cause of speciation.a. Mass extinctionb. Geographic isolationc. The arrival of a nonnative speciesd. An overlap between ecological nichese. The loss of a keystone species

Q: Which organism would best be described as a specialist species?a. fliesb. cockroachesc. white-tailed deerd. panda bearse. humans

Q: A heritable trait that improves the ability of an individual organism to survive and to reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals in a population is called a(n) ____.a. adaptationb. mutagenc. niched. chromosomee. selection

Q: Specialist species occupy ____.a. multiple habitatsb. a broad ecological nichec. multiple ecological nichesd. a narrow ecological nichee. the same niche as a keystone species

Q: Scientists use ____ to alter an organisms genetic material by adding, deleting, or changing segments of its DNA to produce desirable traits or to eliminate undesirable ones.a. genetic engineeringb. natural selectionc. geographic isolationd. speciatione. genetic resistance

Q: The process by which members of isolated populations become so different in genetic makeup that they cannot produce live, fertile offspring if they are rejoined is best described as ____.a. geographic isolationb. reproductive isolationc. evolutionary isolationd. endemic isolatione. niche isolation

Q: Humans have used ____ to change the genetic characteristics of populations to generate individuals with desired traits.a. specialist speciesb. ecological nichesc. keystone speciesd. artificial selectione. subjective selection

Q: We can say that on a long-term basis, the ____ principle of sustainability has especially helped life on the earth to adapt to drastic changes in environmental conditions.a. wise useb. energy cyclingc. nutrient cyclingd. energye. biodiversity

Q: Humans evolved from ___.a. apesb. monkeysc. chimpanzeesd. a common ancestor shared with apes and monkeyse. an ancestor with no connection to apes or monkeys

Q: Traits that can be passed from one generation to the next are called ____ traits.a. selectionb. nativec. adaptived. heritablee. fitness

Q: Some genetic mutations occur from exposure to external agents called ____, such as radioactivity, ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and certain natural and human-made chemicals.a. mutagensb. heritable traitsc. keystonesd. nichese. antibiotics

Q: Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably ____ of all species that have ever lived.a. 1%b. 25%c. 40%d. 60%e. 75%

Q: Genetic resistance to antibiotic drugs is an important example of ____.a. an adaptive trait in humansb. natural selectionc. a beneficial mutationd. a harmful mutatione. evolution

Q: The American alligator is a(n) ____ because it plays a number of important roles in the ecosystems where it is found in the southeastern United States.a. endemic speciesb. specialist speciesc. indicator speciesd. exotic speciese. keystone species

Q: Which characteristic must be true in order for a trait to be impacted by the forces of natural selection and then play a role in the process of biological evolution?a. The trait must be the result of environmental conditions.b. The trait must be genetically based.c. The trait must impact the social rank of its possessor.d. The trait must be a physical characteristic of the organism.e. The trait must be a behavioral characteristic of the organism.

Q: A trait that creates a specific advantage for some organisms in the struggle to survive ____.a. enables individuals with the trait to leave more offspring than other members of the population leaveb. results in greater genetic diversity in the offspring of those organisms that possess it than in those that do not possess the traitc. causes the ratio of male and female offspring produced to be equald. results in offspring that are genetically different than the parentse. forces non-heritable traits to be passed from parent to offspring.

Q: ____ are species whose roles have a large effect on the types and abundance of other species in an ecosystem.a. Generalist speciesb. Nonnative speciesc. Native speciesd. Indicator speciese. Keystone species

Q: It could be said that ____ favored the bee with the larger wingspan, and so the ____ evolved.a. adaptation; beeb. evolution; populationc. mutation; beed. natural selection; populatione. mutation; population

Q: Narrative: (question #13) In a population of wild bees, a mutation resulted in slightly larger wingspan in some of the bees. This larger wingspan made the bees more efficient in their flights to flowers to collect nectar. Thus, these bees became more successful. This trait was passed on to offspring, and eventually the larger wingspan variety of bee replaced their smaller-winged relatives completely. Because this mutation produced a specific wing trait that was passed onto offspring, the mutation must have occurred ____. a. in wing cells b. in reproductive cells c. as a result of exposure to a chemical agent d. as a result of UV light e. because of the type of pollen the bee collected

Q: Species that provide early warnings of environmental change in a community or an ecosystem are called ____.a. invasive speciesb. exotic speciesc. keystone speciesd. indicator speciese. native species

Q: In 1957, Brazil imported wild African honeybees to help increase honey production, but the bees displaced some native honeybee populations, which led to a reduced honey supply. These African honeybees could be described as ____.a. mutagensb. keystonesc. indicatorsd. invasivee. endemic

Q: Which statement is true with regard to mutations?a. Mutations are always harmful.b. Mutations always provide for beneficial changes in an organism's genetic makeup.c. Mutations are chosen by the organism to improve their survival.d. Mutations that survive in a population are determined by natural selection.e. Mutations are caused only by harmful chemicals.

Q: Species with broad niches are described as ____ species. a. invasive species b. native c. specialist d. diverse e. generalist

Q: The role a species plays in its ecosystem is its ____.a. biodiversityb. biomec. habitatd. nichee. trait

Q: The earths variety of deserts, grasslands, forests, mountains, oceans, lakes, rivers, and wetlands can be described as ____.a. functional diversityb. biome diversityc. species diversityd. genetic diversitye. ecosystem diversity

Q: ____ is the variety of processes such as energy flow and matter cycling that occur within ecosystems as species interact with one another in food webs.a. Biome diversityb. Genetic diversityc. Functional diversityd. Ecosystem diversitye. Species diversity

Q: Deserts, tropical forests, prairie grasslands, and coniferous forests have distinct climates and certain species, and are all examples of ____.a. different speciesb. ecosystems with the highest biodiversityc. ecosystems with low genetic biodiversityd. biomese. populations

Q: The variety of genes found in a species or population is known as ____.a. species diversityb. genetic diversityc. functional diversityd. ecological diversitye. molecular diversity

Q: Biomes are ____.a. individual ocean basinsb. large terrestrial regions of the earth with distinct climate and certain species typically occurring within themc. groups of populations living in harmony in a given ecosystemd. all the biological, rather than man-made, portions of the planet combined into one ecosysteme. types of forests that are extensive and widespread on a continent

Q: ____ is the number and variety of species present in any biological community.a. Biome diversityb. Functional diversityc. Ecological diversityd. Genetic diversitye. Species diversity

Q: For every shark that injures or kills a person every year, we ____. a. kill one shark to even the score b. kill about 50,000 sharks, but mainly for food c. kill about 1.2 million sharks d. kill sharks in a ratio of 5:1 for humans deaths e. hunt sharks but have been unable to kill any

Q: New species arise when a mutation occurs and an organism is born much different than its parents. a. True b. False

Q: Scientists estimate that the fossils found so far represent probably only 1% of all species that have ever lived. a. True b. False

Q: American alligators dig holes that many other species rely on. a. True b. False

Q: Habitat loss and fragmentation is not a major threat to amphibians. a. True b. False

Q: Cockroaches have a wide range of tolerance of environmental conditions. They are known as a specialist species. a. True b. False

Q: Viral and fungal diseases are among the factors that threaten amphibians. a. True b. False

Q: Geographic isolation and reproductive isolation can both lead to speciation. a. True b. False

Q: Compounds in secretions from the skin of certain amphibians have been isolated and used as painkillers and antibiotics, and in treatments for burns and heart disease. a. True b. False

Q: All nonnative species threaten ecosystems. a. True b. False

Q: Even if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population, the populations ability to adapt may be limited by its reproductive capacity. a. True b. False

Q: The biological diversity of the earth is only a function of the number of species on the earth. a. True b. False

Q: Genes mutate, individuals are selected, and populations evolve. a. True b. False

Q: Heritable traits that give an individual some advantage over other individuals in the population are called adaptive traits. a. True b. False

Q: It is impossible for a shark that has been caught and returned to the ocean to drown. a. True b. False

Q: When biologists talk about the survival of the fittest, the fittest individuals are those that leave the most descendants, not those that are physically the strongest. a. True b. False

Q: Evolution by natural selection involves a grand plan of nature in which species are to become more perfectly adapted. a. True b. False

Q: Generalist species are more prone to extinction when environmental changes change rapidly than specialist species. a. True b. False

Q: Most of the earths species of flowering plants depend on insects to pollinate their flowers. a. True b. False

Q: In speciation, two species interbreed to form one new species. a. True b. False

Q: Before humans evolved, species never went extinct. a. True b. False

Q: Molecules of water are attracted to each other by ____.a. neutron bondsb. tension bondsc. covalent bondsd. hydrogen bondse. oxygen bonds

Q: Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by ____.a. legumesb. bacteriac. algaed. protozoae. round worms

Q: The most common gas in the atmosphere is ____.a. nitrogenb. carbon dioxidec. oxygend. hydrogene. methane

Q: Carbon is cycled through the biosphere through ____.a. fuel combustion and decompositionb. photosynthesis and aerobic respirationc. soil bacteria and precipitationd. volcanic activity and organic decaye. the rock cycle

Q: Of the following water cycle processes, the one working against gravity isa. percolationb. infiltrationc. runoffd. transpiratione. precipitation

Q: Phosphate can be lost from the phosphorus cycle for long periods of time when ____.a. phosphorus-containing fertilizer is applied to agricultural soilb. bacteria convert it into a gasc. exposed rocks containing phosphate are eroded by running waterd. it is taken up by plantse. it is washed into the ocean and deposited as marine sediment

Q: One challenge of laboratory research is that ____.a. too many variables are uncontrolledb. real organisms cannot be usedc. observations may not reflect what actually takes place in natured. field locations can be expensive and difficult to accesse. measurements are difficult to make in that environment

Q: Geographic Information System (GIS) software allows scientists to ____.a. simulate real-world conditions in laboratory experimentsb. connect to the internet from remote locations in the fieldc. connect to and control experiments in the fieldd. capture, store, analyze, and display geographic datae. simulate the behavior of ecosystems

Q: Human activities have affected the sulfur cycle primarily by ____.a. producing carbon dioxide, which reacts with sulfur in the atmosphereb. capturing sulfur emissions from volcanoesc. converting sulfur into hydrogen sulfide gasd. replenishing sulfur resourcese. releasing large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas into the atmosphere

Q: Unlike nitrogen or carbon, phosphorus ____.a. does not cycle through the atmosphere and it cycles more slowlyb. is not passed up the food chain to consumersc. is not involved in plant growthd. is plentiful and rarely limits primary productivitye. cycling has not been affected by humans

Q: The chemical formula for the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is ____.a. CN-b. NO3-c. N2d. NH3e. NH4+

Q: Complex networks of interconnected food chains in ecosystems are best described as ____.a. food websb. nutrient cyclingc. trophic levelsd. pyramids of energye. trophic chains

Q: An organism can be described as a tertiary consumer if it eats ____.a. detritivoresb. secondary producersc. herbivores and carnivoresd. solely primary consumerse. producers only

Q: Food chains and food webs show how producers, consumers, and decomposers are connected to one another as chemical energy flows through different ____ in an ecosystem.a. secondary producersb. trophic levelsc. biospheresd. the hydrologic cyclee. abiotic components

Q: If the biomass of flowers that support the butterflies was known to contain 100,000 units of energy, and certain bird species were eating the butterflies that foraged on the flowers, what amount of energy, on average, could be expected to be transferred to the birds?a. 10b. 100c. 1,000d. 10,000e. 50,000

Q: Coyotes typically forage on mice and squirrels. However, as members of the canine family, Canidae, they also eat berries and parts of plants. As such, coyotes are classified as ____.a. herbivoresb. carnivoresc. omnivoresd. detritivorese. producers

Q: A grassy meadow high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of eastern California is known to support a variety of organisms. During the summers when grass is thick and lush, and wildflowers abound, butterflies take advantage of this abundant nectar source. Bears graze on the berries in shrubs at the edge of the meadow. Deer also forage at the edge of the meadow. In the early mornings, coyotes are known to prey on the squirrel and mouse populations that burrow into the meadow soil. A variety of birds prey on the butterflies and other flying insects, such as bees and wasps. The coyotes would be classified as ____. a. producers b. primary consumers c. secondary consumers d. decomposers e. tertiary consumers

Q: Groundwater found in layers of rock, sand, and gravel is called ____. a. underground lakes b. aquifers c. wetlands d. basins e. stocks

Q: Despite its low net primary productivity (NPP), the open ocean produces more of the earths biomass per year than any other ecosystem or life zone because ____. a. growth is not limited by nutrient availability b. whales are so large c. of the enormous volume of the global ocean d. more sunlight is available e. there are fewer primary consumers

Q: Earthworms, some insects, and vultures are all examples of ____. a. producers b. detritus feeders c. decomposers d. scavengers e. secondary consumers

Q: ____ can be classified as primary consumers. a. Detritivores b. Omnivores c. Carnivores d. Decomposers e. Herbivores

Q: Which of the following organisms can be called autotrophs? a. ants, termites, and butterflies b. wolves, coyotes, and foxes c. rabbits, moles, and robins d. daisies, roses, and grass e. mushrooms and fungi

Q: Which of the following best represents the process of aerobic respiration? a. glucose + carbon dioxide → oxygen + water + energy b. glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy c. energy + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + glucose d. water + glucose → oxygen + carbon dioxide + energy e. energy + glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Q: Producers can also be described as self-feeders, or ____. a. autotrophs b. tertiary c. heterotrophs d. detritivore e. decomposer

Q: Which of the following best represents the process of photosynthesis? a. carbon dioxide + glucose + solar energy → water + oxygen b. carbon dioxide + water + solar energy → glucose + oxygen c. oxygen + glucose + solar energy → carbon dioxide + water d. oxygen + glucose → solar energy + carbon dioxide + water e. carbon dioxide + water → solar energy + glucose + oxygen

Q: About how much energy is lost with each transfer from one trophic level to the next? a. 0% b. 10% c. 35% d. 65% e. 90%

Q: Bacteria and fungi are typically categorized as ____. a. autotrophs b. producers c. primary consumers d. tertiary consumers e. decomposers

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