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Q:
(p. 570) The Japanese worker compensation system defines _____ as a syndrome marked by emotional and physical stress accumulated during six months or more of overwork.
A. nenko
B. keiretsu
C. karoshi
D. maquiladora
Q:
(p. 570) Which of the following is a Japanese word denoting death from the stress of overwork?
A. Maquiladora
B. Karoshi
C. Nenko
D. Datsusara
Q:
(p. 570) Which of the following is true regarding salarymen?
A. They constantly look for better opportunities.
B. Their performance is not stressed upon.
C. They take constant vacations.
D. They must work long hours.
Q:
(p. 570) Salarymen are:
A. also called blue-collar businessmen.
B. titles given to senior members of non-profit organizations.
C. regular employees who are expected to remain with a firm permanently.
D. legal officers of a company or unincorporated business.
Q:
(p. 570) Japanese firms pay their employees on the _____ curve, a slowly rising wage scale based largely on seniority that allows for small differentials based on ability and provides a comfortable income fitting various stages.
A. nenko
B. karoshi
C. kaizen
D. salaryman
Q:
(p. 569) In Japanese industries, a community firm is a company that:
A. consolidated into national entities with deeply antagonistic goals.
B. avoids hinted promises of job tenure.
C. is owned and operated by a group of individuals for their mutual benefits.
D. operates on a model analogous to a family.
Q:
(p. 567) The _____ contract was traditionally defined as an employment contract that could be ended by either the employer or the employee without notice and for any or no reason.
A. right-to-work
B. individual freedom
C. employment at-will
D. just cause
Q:
(p. 567) Under the doctrine of ____, an employee must act "solely and entirely" for the employer's benefit in all work-related matters or be liable for termination and damages.
A. liberty of contract
B. employment-at-will
C. good faith
D. strict liability
Q:
(p. 567) Which of the following is true regarding the common-law principle that governs the employer-employee relationship in the United States?
A. It holds that employer and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts.
B. It holds that employers and employees can end their agreement subject to predetermined conditions.
C. It allows the employee to work for the employer's and his/her benefit.
D. It says that when a conflict arises between an employee and an employer, the employee's viewpoint should be considered.
Q:
(p. 566) Workplace fatalities have declined after the creation of the:
A. National Labor Relations Board.
B. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
C. Employment and Training Administration.
D. U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.
Q:
(p. 566) Which of the following Acts prohibits employers from discriminating against applicants or employees based on hereditary information?
A. The Employment Non-Discrimination Act
B. The Biologics Control Act
C. The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
D. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act
Q:
(p. 564) What did the third wave of federal workplace regulation deal with?
A. Union rights
B. Polygraph and drug test rules
C. Pension rights
D. Civil rights
Q:
(p. 564) The _____ wave of federal workplace regulation moved federal law into the areas of protection of civil rights.
A. third
B. fourth
C. first
D. second
Q:
(p. 564) The first wave of federal workplace regulation established:
A. drug test rules.
B. worker health and safety rules.
C. union rights.
D. pension rights.
Q:
(p. 564) Which of the following acts guaranteed union organizing and bargaining rights?
A. The Employee Free Choice Act
B. The National Labor Relations Act
C. The Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act
D. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act
Q:
(p. 564) The yellow dog contract was a type of employer-employee agreement according to which workers would:
A. not associate themselves with any unions.
B. leave if they behaved unlawfully.
C. remain with the firm.
D. not disclose confidential information.
Q:
(p. 564) Which of the following acts outlawed the yellow dog contracts?
A. The National Labor Relations Act
B. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Act
C. The McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act
D. The Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act
Q:
(p. 564) Which of the following is true regarding the doctrine of liberty of contract?
A. It prohibited the firing at will of employees.
B. It took care of the unchallenged dominion of employers, thereby reducing the incidents of negligent treatment of workers.
C. It assumed equal bargaining power for all parties, whereas employers unquestionably predominated.
D. It ensured that employers found no opportunity to exploit employees.
Q:
(p. 563) The doctrine of liberty of contract:
A. entails government subsidy of salaries for workers who lacked enough work.
B. creates more jobs by mandating shorter hours, forcing companies to hire more people to maintain output.
C. allows employers and employees to negotiate their wages, hours, duties, and conditions without government interference.
D. requires regular employees to remain with the firm.
Q:
(p. 562) An agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions is called a(n):
A. yellow-dog contract.
B. employment contract.
C. compromise agreement.
D. nondisclosure agreement.
Q:
(p. 560) The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign country, or to a foreign supplier is called:
A. offshoring.
B. telecommuting.
C. nearshoring.
D. homesourcing.
Q:
(p. 560) When a company transfers work of any kind to an outside supplier rather than pay its own employees to do it, it is called:
A. nearshoring.
B. outsourcing.
C. co-sourcing.
D. homesourcing.
Q:
(p. 560) Sequences of actions that add value to products and services are called business:
A. communications.
B. logics.
C. processes.
D. patterns.
Q:
(p. 558) Which of the following is true regarding the competitive pressures faced by American companies?
A. Large industries such as airlines and telecommunications are deregulated.
B. Foreign trade has been declining at a constant rate since 1960.
C. In less affluent, less industrialized countries, wages are lower due to scarcity of labor compared with demand.
D. By global standards, American workers are quite economical.
Q:
(p. 557) The _____ sector is considered to add value to manufactured goods.
A. agrarian
B. service
C. environmental
D. agricultural
Q:
(p. 557) Which of the following sectors includes jobs in retailing, transportation, and health care?
A. Service
B. Manufacturing
C. Agricultural
D. Goods-producing
Q:
(p. 557) Manufacturing, mining, and construction are a part of the _____ sector.
A. agricultural
B. service
C. goods-producing
D. agrarian
Q:
(p. 557) Which of the following is true regarding the structural changes seen in American society?
A. The agricultural sector employs most number of Americans.
B. The percentage of workers employed in the goods-producing sector is declining.
C. There is a drastic decline in the number of employees in the service sector.
D. The American job landscape is shaped by four long-term structural trends.
Q:
(p. 556) Which of the following sectors includes fishing and forestry occupations?
A. Agricultural
B. Goods-producing
C. Service
D. Manufacturing
Q:
(p. 556) What type of change is caused by the processes of job creation and job destruction that alter the mix of work in an economy?
A. Technological
B. Demographic
C. Structural
D. Legislative
Q:
(p. 555) Which of the following is true regarding immigration in various countries?
A. Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.
B. Many European nations are strongly ethnocentric and welcome immigrants.
C. The Japanese easily integrate with non-Japanese people in their workplaces.
D. Since the replacement rate in the United States has fallen below the fertility rate, continued immigration will prevent the population declines facing Europe and Japan.
Q:
(p. 554) According to a long-range 2050 projection of the American labor force:
A. the largest increase will be in the percentage of Asians.
B. the Hispanic growth rate will be slower than Asians.
C. the percentage of women in the labor force will increase by 5.5 percentage point.
D. whites will decline as a percentage of the labor force.
Q:
(p. 553) Which of the following is true regarding the demographic changes noticed in American society?
A. The population is growing at a faster rate now.
B. The fertility rate of women is just below the replacement fertility rate.
C. The labor force is becoming homogeneous in gender, race, and ethnicity.
D. The workforce is becoming younger.
Q:
(p. 553) The number of children a woman must have on average to ensure that one daughter survives to reproductive age is known as:
A. total fertility rate.
B. sub-replacement fertility.
C. replacement fertility rate.
D. net reproduction rate.
Q:
(p. 553) The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as:
A. the baby-boom generation.
B. Gen X.
C. Gen Y.
D. the baby-bust generation.
Q:
(p. 552) Which of the following is NOT a part of the six environmental forces that create turbulence in the workplace?
A. Demographic change
B. Climate change
C. Structural change
D. Competitive pressures
Q:
(p. 573) The ability to make quick and smooth shifts of workers into and out of jobs, companies, or industries as business conditions change is known as labor flexibility.
Q:
(p. 572) The four fundamental standards to protect basic worker rights which have been set forth in various international labor conventions are known as the fair labor standards.
Q:
(p. 572) Nonwage costs including payments for social security, health insurance, and payroll taxes that employers must pay to cover disability, unemployment, and similar benefits are known as externalities.
Q:
(p. 571) The social welfare model is a form of industry-labor-government cooperation in which government strongly regulates the labor market to secure expansive rights and generous benefits for workers.
Q:
(p. 570) Regular employees who are expected to remain with the firm forever are known as datsusara.
Q:
(p. 569) A community firm is a Japanese company that operates on a model analogous to a family.
Q:
(p. 568) When an implied covenant of good faith is breached, the employer's ability to fire is limitless.
Q:
(p. 567) In the United States, common law holds that employers and employees may enter voluntary employment contracts and that either party may freely end these agreements anytime.
Q:
(p. 564) The doctrine of liberty of contract gave equal powers to all parties, thus, employers and employees were at an equal footing.
Q:
(p. 563) The doctrine of liberty of contract allowed employers and workers to negotiate all aspects of the employment contract without any government interference.
Q:
(p. 562) The agreement by which an employee exchanges his/her labor in return for specific pay and working conditions is known as a compromise agreement.
Q:
(p. 560) The transfer of work from a domestic to a foreign location is known as offshoring.
Q:
(p. 560) The transfer of work from within a company to an outside supplier is known as out-tasking.
Q:
(p. 557) The sector of occupations that add value to manufactured goods is known as the service sector.
Q:
(p. 556) The agricultural sector is the most dominant sector in the United States.
Q:
The ________ is how Web pages are organized, labeled, and navigated to support browsing and searching.
A) Web design
B) Web site map
C) information architecture
D) Web layout
Q:
(p. 556) Structural change refers to any shift in the proportions of agricultural, goods-producing, and service occupations in an economy.
Q:
The concept of consistency in Web site design includes making sure that
A) Web pages look the same no matter which browser a customer is using.
B) all visitors consistently find what they are looking for.
C) the messages sent to customers who contact the company are consistent.
D) customers are treated consistently when they contact customer service.
Q:
(p. 555) Immigration generally brings an influx of younger workers who are less costly and more adaptable.
Q:
The process of adding, revising, and removing content from a website to keep content fresh, accurate, compelling, and credible best defines
A) collaborative effort.
B) content management.
C) e-editing.
D) scripting.
Q:
(p. 553) The number of children a woman must have, on average, to assure that one daughter survives to reproductive age is known as total fertility rate.
Q:
A media file that is distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on mobile devices and personal computers best defines
A) podcast.
B) RSS.
C) e-delivery.
D) customized view.
Q:
(p. 553) The large cohort of workers born between 1946 and 1964 are known as the baby-bust generation.
Q:
Secondary content that offers a coupon, rebate, or special service is called
A) up-selling.
B) comment.
C) cross-selling.
D) promotion.
Q:
(p. 552) The six environmental forces that create turbulence in the workplace are interconnected.
Q:
A family of Web-feed formats used to publish frequently updated digital content best defines
A) RSS.
B) HTML.
C) Java.
D) XML.
Q:
What are the core labor standards? Define labor flexibility.
Q:
A form of syndication in which a section of a website is available for other sites to use best defines
A) complex syndication.
B) third-party syndication.
C) collaborative syndication.
D) Web syndication.
Q:
Discuss the worker protection scenario in Germany.
Q:
The sale of the same good to many customers, who then integrate it with other offerings and resell it or give it away free best defines
A) really simple syndication.
B) up-selling.
C) syndication.
D) collaborative selling.
Q:
What is the worker protection scenario in Japan?
Q:
Reviews, testimonials, expert advice, or further explanation about the product are called
A) up-selling.
B) comment.
C) cross-selling.
D) promotion.
Q:
Discuss employment-at-will doctrine. What are the three major common-law exceptions to firing at will?
Q:
Creating content that offers upgraded or more expensive versions of the product is called
A) up-selling.
B) comment.
C) cross-selling.
D) promotion.
Q:
What changes did the Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act bring?
Q:
Offering similar or complementary products and services to increase sales best defines
A) up-selling.
B) down-selling.
C) cross-selling.
D) supplemental selling.
Q:
What was the doctrine of liberty of contract? What was its greatest flaw?
Q:
A major entertainment company has four studios that have been in the same location for more than ten years. The company includes a page on its Web site with addresses, phone numbers, and general e-mail addresses for each of these studios. None of this information has changed since the Web site was developed. This is an example of ________ content.
A) dynamic
B) static
C) organizational
D) functional
Q:
(p. 560) What is the difference between outsourcing and offshoring?
Q:
The text, images, sound, and video that make up a Web page best defines
A) metadata.
B) profile.
C) design.
D) content.
Q:
What are structural changes? What are the structural changes that American society has undergone?
Q:
A hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource participating in the Internet best defines
A) IP address.
B) specific name system.
C) domain name system.
D) hierarchical structure.
Q:
(p. 553-554) What are the three important noticeable trends in the American labor force?
Q:
The ________ is the name-based address that identifies an Internet-connected server.
A) domain name
B) IP address
C) host name
D) URL name