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Q:
Two or more different elements can combine to form isotopes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The idea that all elements are made up of molecules is called the atomic theory.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When energy changes from one form to another, it always goes from a more useful to a less useful form.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A positive feedback loop causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Peer review involves scientists openly publishing details of the methods they used, the results of their experiments, and the reasoning behind their hypotheses for other scientists working in the same field to evaluate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When matter undergoes physical changes, the chemical composition also changes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Logic and critical thinking are more important tools in science than imagination and creativity.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Carbon is an element.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When a natural system gets locked into a positive feedback loop, it can reach an ecological tipping point.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Once scientists have analyzed data from an experiment, they may propose a testable hypothesis to explain those data.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Because scientific theories are tentative explanations, they should not be taken seriously.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Explain how the IPAT model and the ecological footprint model emphasize different aspects of how natural resources are affected by unsustainable use.
Q:
What is the difference between a renewable resource and an inexhaustible resource?
Q:
Explain how poverty drives population growth.
Q:
Clearly describe how affluence can have both harmful and beneficial environmental effects.
Q:
What accounts for the difference between the overall environmental impacts of the United States and Japan?
Q:
What accounts for the overall environmental impact of the United States relative to China?
Q:
How does the overall environmental impact of the United States compare to China?
Q:
How does resource use per person in the United States compare to China?
Q:
What does it means to live off the earths natural income?
Q:
Why is chemical cycling necessary for life on the earth?
Q:
____________________ is the study of varying beliefs about what is right and wrong with how we treat the environment.
Q:
The ____________________ school, led by naturalist John Muir, wanted wilderness areas on some public lands to be left untouched.
Q:
Pesticides blown from agricultural lands into the air is an example of ____________________ pollution.
Q:
Your ____________________ is your set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think your role in the world should be.
Q:
Natural capital is comprised of natural resources and ____________________.
Q:
Major causes of the environmental problems we face are ____________________, wasteful and unsustainable resource use, poverty, failure to include the harmful environmental and health costs of goods and services in their market prices, and increasing isolation from nature.
Q:
A single, identifiable source of pollution is called a(n) ____________________.
Q:
The average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area is the ____________________ ecological footprint.
Q:
____________________ resources exist in a fixed quantity, or stock, in the earths crust.
Q:
Win-____ solutions are based on compromise in light of our interdependence, and they benefit both people and the environment.
Q:
____________________ is the contamination of the environment by a chemical or other agent such as noise or heat to a level that is harmful to the health, survival, or activities of humans or other organisms..
Q:
____________________ is the natural resources and ecosystem services that keep us and other species alive and support human economies.
Q:
The circulation of chemicals necessary for the life from the environment (mostly from soil and water) through organisms and back to the environment is called ____________________.
Q:
____________________ are chemicals necessary for the life processes of plants and animals.
Q:
____________________ are processes provided by healthy ecosystems that support life and human economies at no monetary cost to us.
Q:
____________________ are materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans.
Q:
____________________ is the biological science that studies how living things interact with one another and with their environment.
Q:
A(n ) ____________________ is a set of organisms within a defined area of land or volume of water that interact with one another and with their environment of nonliving matter and energy.
Q:
The three scientific principles of sustainability are chemical cycling, dependence on solar energy, and ____________________.
Q:
A resource such as solar energy that cannot be diminished by overuse is called a(n) ____________________.
Q:
Research by social scientists suggests that it takes only ____ of the population of a community, a country, or the world to bring about major social and environmental change.
a. 1%
b. 5-10%
c. about one-third
d. about half
e. 85%
Q:
Living sustainably means living on ____ the renewable resources such as plants, animals, soil, clean air, and clean water, provided by the earths natural capital.
a. exponential growth
b. natural income
c. biotechnology
d. upcycling
e. biodiversity
Q:
Which school of thought argued that public lands should be managed wisely and scientifically, primarily to provide resources for people?
a. preservationist school
b. earth-centered school
c. traditional school
d. conservationist school
e. commons school
Q:
Between 1930 and 2011, the global human population has increased from ____ to ____.
a. 100 million; 250 million
b. 500 million; 1 billion
c. 1.5 billion; 3 billion
d. 2 billion; 7 billion
e. 7 billion; 16 billion
Q:
As of 2014, the world population is about ____.
a. 3.0 billion people
b. 5.0 billion people
c. 7.0 billion people
d. 9.0 million people
e. 10.0 billion people
Q:
Which worldview proposes that we can and should manage the earth for our own benefit, but that we have an ethical responsibility to be caring and responsible managers of the earth?
a. planetary management worldview
b. stewardship worldview
c. environmental wisdom worldview
d. earth-centered worldview
e. life-centered worldview
Q:
About 900 million people live in extreme poverty, struggling to live on the equivalent of less than ____ a day.
a. $1.25
b. $5.00
c. $7.50
d. $10.00
e. $25.00
Q:
Which factor is a major contributor to the degradation of natural capital associated with the pricing of consumable goods?
a. Consumable goods are priced in such a way that they do not reflect the environmental damage caused by their production.
b. Consumable goods are priced in such a way as to allow even those in poverty in developing nations to acquire them.
c. Consumable goods are priced in such a way as to offset harmful environmental and health costs.
d. Consumers are typically aware of the kinds of environmental damage resulting from the production of the item.
e. Consumers in some local cultures purchase items that are expensive because of the social status it brings.
Q:
What is one environmental benefit of affluence?
a. Increasing wealth allows for an increased capacity for resource consumption.
b. Increased wealth provides resources to apply toward the creation of environmentally beneficial technologies.
c. Increasing affluence often leads to a desire to travel widely and frequently in order to see the world.
d. Increasing affluence in developed nations leads to increased affluence in less-developed countries.
e. Increasing affluence results in less consumption in all countries.
Q:
Which of the following contributes most to sustainability?
a. abundant use of resources
b. distribution of poverty
c. rapid population growth
d. inclusion of environmental and health costs in market prices
e. natural capital degradation
Q:
What term refers to the average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area?
a. ecosystem service
b. natural capital
c. unsustainable yield
d. mean of the commons
e. per capita ecological footprint
Q:
____ efforts focus on greatly reducing or eliminating the production of pollutants.
a. Agricultural engineering
b. Nonpoint pollution
c. Chemical cycling
d. Pollution prevention
e. Economic sanction
Q:
What is a major cause of environmental problems?
a. our dependence on solar energy
b. upcycling
c. full-cost pricing
d. declining population growth in high-income countries
e. our increasing isolation from nature
Q:
Nonpoint sources of pollution ____.
a. enter ecosystems from single, identifiable sources
b. are more difficult and costly to control than point sources
c. include smokestacks and automobile exhaust pipes
d. are cheaper and easier to identify than point sources
e. are always found in rural areas
Q:
Point sources of pollution ____.
a. enter ecosystems from dispersed and often hard-to-identify sources
b. include runoff of fertilizers and pesticides from farmlands and suburban lawns
c. are easier to identify than nonpoint sources
d. are more difficult to control than nonpoint sources
e. are always found in rural areas
Q:
The IPAT model calculates the environmental impact of human activities based on ____.
a. policy, adaptation, and cultural traditions
b. pollution, adaptation, and trade practices
c. pollution, agriculture, and technology
d. population size, agriculture, and trade practices
e. population size, affluence, and technology
Q:
Which activity is an example of environmental degradation?
a. Using solar power at a rapid rate
b. Growing crops for food
c. Cutting trees for wood products faster than the trees can regrow
d. Harvesting fish at a sustainable rate
e. Using groundwater at the same rate it is replenished
Q:
A countrys ecological footprint is larger than its biological capacity to replenish its renewable resources and absorb the resulting waste and pollution. What can be said about this country?
a. It has an ecological deficit.
b. It must not have any natural capital.
c. It is a sustainable society.
d. It is most likely a developing country.
e. It can be described as preservationist.
Q:
The term ecological footprint can best be described as the ____.
a. average size of the lot on which a family home is built
b. number of acres necessary to grow enough food to support a family
c. geographic area in which a person travels during the course of their average daily activities
d. amount of land and water needed to supply a population or an area with renewable resources and to absorb and recycle the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use
e. amount of tillable agricultural land necessary to supply the food requirements of a nation
Q:
In many parts of the world, renewable forests are shrinking and topsoil is eroding. This fact is evidence that ____.
a. all forms of technology increase environmental impacts
b. affluence has no impact on the health of the environment
c. point sources of pollution are easy to identify
d. the market prices of goods include the harmful environmental costs of producing them
e. we are living unsustainably
Q:
Sustainable yield is the highest rate at which we can use a(n) ____ indefinitely without reducing its available supply.
a. renewable resource
b. fossil fuel
c. solar energy
d. mineral resource
e. nonrenewable resource
Q:
The tragedy of the commons refers to the ____.
a. overuse of privately held resources
b. degradation of shared common resources
c. human deaths resulting polluted shared resources such as air or water
d. government over-regulation of fresh water use
e. use of nonrenewable resources
Q:
On human time scales, nonrenewable resources ____.
a. may be considered inexhaustible
b. can never be recycled
c. are replenished by natural processes within hours
d. are used without ever becoming depleted
e. can be depleted much faster than nature can form them
Q:
What is an example of a pollution control or prevention technology?
a. coal-burning power plants
b. fuel-efficient cars
c. wastewater release into rivers
d. agricultural fertilizer runoff
e. smart phones
Q:
Which resource is nonrenewable?
a. groundwater
b. trees in a forest
c. solar energy
d. oil
e. fish populations
Q:
About 80% of the world's human population live in ____.
a. nations with high average income per person
b. the United States, Japan, Australia, and Germany
c. more-developed countries
d. less-developed countries
e. environmentally-sustainable societies
Q:
Many economists propose finding ways to include the harmful environmental and health costs of producing and using goods and services in their market prices. What is this practice called?
a. biodiversifying
b. hidden appraisals
c. subsidizing
d. full-cost pricing
e. external valuations
Q:
Middle-income countries such as India and China may have low ____, but they have a high ____.
a. population size; population growth rate
b. overall environmental impact; population growth rate
c. population size; resource use per person
d. overall environmental impact; resource use per person
e. resource use per person; overall environmental impact
Q:
Oil is a(n) ____.
a. nonrenewable resource because it cannot be formed on human time scales
b. renewable resource because it can be renewed through geologic processes
c. inexhaustible resource because it is a form of stored solar energy
d. ecosystem service because oil is a valuable commodity
e. renewable resource because it can be used to make fertilizers that restore soil fertility
Q:
According to the ____, all species have value as participating members of the biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to humans.
a. human-centered environmental worldview
b. earth-centered environmental worldview
c. life-centered environmental worldview
d. sun-centered environmental worldview
e. geo-centered environmental worldview
Q:
Which resource is nonrenewable?
a. geothermal energy
b. solar energy
c. freshwater
d. copper
e. trees
Q:
Your text refers to the dependence on solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling as three major natural factors of ____.
a. resource guidelines
b. ecological footprints
c. environmental tenets
d. scientific principles of sustainability
e. preservationist goals
Q:
Which resource would best be categorized as inexhaustible?
a. oil reserves
b. fisheries
c. solar energy
d. forests
e. coal reserves
Q:
Why is there such little waste in nature?
a. The sun is an inexhaustible resource.
b. Organisms naturally avoid activities that create unnecessary waste.
c. The wastes and decayed bodies of any organism become nutrients or raw materials for other organisms.
d. The earth is so vast that natural waste is not easily identified.
e. Waste is chemically unstable.
Q:
A group of organisms with a unique set of characteristics that distinguish it from other groups of organisms is called a(n) ____.
a. species
b. ecosystem
c. sustainable society
d. natural resource
e. population
Q:
What term best describes the living and nonliving things with which we interact in a complex web of relationships?
a. natural capital
b. biodiversity
c. the environment
d. the chemical cycle
e. the preservationist school
Q:
Which process best illustrates an ecosystem service?
a. natural gas fracking
b. pollution cleanup
c. water purification
d. oil mining
e. soil erosion
Q:
One reason biodiversity is such an important aspect of sustainability is that it ____.
a. maintains a ready supply of new materials for water, soil, and food
b. is the ultimate source of energy for plants
c. provides vital ecosystem services through the interactions among species and keeps any population from growing too large
d. makes life less susceptible to constant adaptation and changing environmental conditions
e. increases ecotourism in less developed countries