Q&A Hero

Q: (p. 358) When developing inventory cost models, which of the following are not included as costs to place an order? A. Phone calls B. Taxes C. Clerical D. Calculating quantity to order E. Postage

Q: (p. 308) What is the difference between the concepts of design quality and conformance quality?

Q: (p. 335) Explain the difference between producer's risk and consumer's risk in acceptance sampling.

Q: (p. 322) What does it mean when we say that a process is capable?

Q: (p. 335) Lots are defined as low quality when the percentage of defective units is greater than what? ________________________________________

Q: (p. 328) You have 75 total defects from 100 different samples of 15. What is p-bar? _______________________________

Q: (p. 338) In acceptance sampling, how large is the effect of the size of the lot that the sample is taken from on the size of the sample that should be drawn? _______________________________________

Q: (p. 323) What is the symbol designating the capability index? ______________________________

Q: (p. 333) You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 12 based on several samples of size 6. Which of the following is the resulting LCL? ___________________________________

Q: (p. 333) You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 5 based on several samples of size 10. Which of the following is the resulting UCL? _______________________________________

Q: (p. 331) You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99 percent, and the average of the sample means is 20. What is your LCL? _________________________________________

Q: (p. 331) You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, and the average of the sample means is 24. What is your UCL? ________________________________________

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 560, the number of samples is 70, and the sample size is 80, what would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines? ______________________________________

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 2,000, the number of samples is 100, and the sample size is 50, what would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines? ______________________________________

Q: (p. 328) If the fraction defective is 0.4 based on a sample size of 100, what is the standard deviation used in constructing the "p" chart? _____________________________________

Q: (p. 328) If the fraction defective is 0.12 based on a sample size of 16, what is the standard deviation to be used when constructing a "p" chart? ___________________________________

Q: (p. 312) ISO 14000 is primarily concerned with what? __________________________________________

Q: (p. 312) ISO 9000 is primarily concerned with what? _________________________________________________ ISO 9000 has become an international reference for quality management requirements in business-to-business dealing, and ISO 14000 is primarily concerned with environmental management.

Q: (p. 314) What does the acronym "CTQ" stand for? _________________________________

Q: (p. 314) The term CTQ is used in which portion of the DMAIC methodology? ______________________________

Q: (p. 310) Which quality guru states that the correct cost for a well-run quality management program should be under 2.5 percent of sales? _________________________________

Q: (p. 312) Why were ISO-9000 and ISO 14000 standards developed? _________________________________________

Q: (p. 310) What are expenditures related to achieving product or service quality including the costs of appraisal and prevention of defects called? ______________________________________

Q: (p. 306) The National Quality Award in the United States is named what? ___________________________________

Q: (p. 333) If you are going to develop an "R" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 15 for your charting purposes. Which of the following is the upper control limit D4 factor for the chart? A. 1.65 B. 1.70 C. 1.76 D. 1.87 E. 1.92

Q: (p. 333) If you are going to develop an "R" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 9 for your charting purposes. Which of the following is the lower control limit D3 factor for the chart? A. 0.08 B. 0.14 C. 0.18 D. 0.22 E. 0.29

Q: (p. 333) If you are going to develop an "X-bar" chart based on range statistics and you are using a sample size of 12 for your charting purposes. Which of the following is the A2 factor for the "X-bar" chart? A. 0.37 B. 0.31 C. 0.27 D. 0.22 E. 0.18

Q: (p. 333) You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 12 based on several samples of size 6. Which of the following is the resulting LCL? A. 20.0 B. 18.3 C. 7.02 D. 5.6 E. 0.0

Q: (p. 332) You want to develop a three-sigma "R" chart. You know the average range is 5 based on several samples of size 10. Which of the following is the resulting UCL? A. 20.9 B. 8.9 C. 7.02 D. 5 E. 3.1

Q: (p. 331) You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99 percent, and the average of the sample means is 20. Which of the following is your LCL? A. 36 B. 24 C. 9.68 D. 16.79 E. 30.32

Q: (p. 330) You are developing an "X-bar" chart based on sample means. You know the standard deviation of the sample means is 4, the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, and the average of the sample means is 24. Which of the following is your UCL? A. 36 B. 24 C. 12 D. 4 E. None of the above

Q: (p. 330) Which of the following should we use an "R" chart to monitor process quality? A. Weighing trucks at a highway inspection station to determine if they are overloaded B. Deciding whether an airliner has sufficient fuel for its trip C. Student grades measured from 1 to 100 D. Determining whether vehicles from a motor pool will run E. Determining the accuracy of a forecast of "snow"

Q: (p. 330) Which of the following should we use an "R" chart to monitor process quality? A. Grades in a freshman "pass/fail" course B. Tire pressures in an auto assembly plant C. Vehicles passing emissions inspection D. Computer software errors E. Number of units with missing operations

Q: (p. 330) With which of the following should we use an "X-bar" chart based on sample means to monitor process quality? A. Grades in a freshman "pass/fail" course B. Tire pressures in an auto assembly plant C. Vehicles passing emissions inspection D. Computer software errors E. Number of units with missing operations

Q: (p. 329) For which of the following should we use a "p" chart to monitor process quality? A. The dimensions of brick entering a kiln B. Lengths of boards cut in a mill C. The weight of fluid in a container D. Grades in a freshman "pass/fail" course E. Temperatures in a classroom

Q: (p. 329) For which of the following should we use a "p" chart to monitor process quality? A. Defective electrical switches B. Errors in the length of a pencil C. Weight errors in cans of soup D. Temperature of entrees in a restaurant E. Letter grades on a final examination

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 560, the number of samples is 70, and the sample size is 80, which of the following would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines? A. 0.9000 B. 0.4556 C. 0.0335 D. 0.0011 E. 0.0112

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the total number of defects from all samples is 2,500, the number of samples is 100, and the sample size is 50, which of the following would be the standard deviation used in developing the control lines? A. 0.4900 B. 0.2499 C. 0.1556 D. 0.0707 E. 0.02499

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the control lines for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. If the desired confidence level is 99 percent, which of the following values for "z" would you use in computing the UCL and LCL? A. 0.99 B. 2 C. 2.58 D. 3 E. None of the above

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the lower control line for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. You take several samples of a size of 50 items in your production process. From the samples you determine the fraction defective is 0.006 and the standard deviation is 0.001. If the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, which of the following is the resulting LCL value for the line? A. 0.0 B. 0.002 C. 0.003 D. 0.004 E. None of the above

Q: (p. 328) You want to determine the upper control line for a "p" chart for quality control purposes. You take several samples of a size of 100 items in your production process. From the samples you determine the fraction defective is 0.05 and the standard deviation is 0.01. If the desired confidence level is 99.7 percent, which of the following is the resulting UCL value for the line? A. 0.39 B. 0.08 C. 0.06 D. 0.05 E. None of the above

Q: (p. 328) If there are 400 total defects from 8 samples, each sample consisting of 20 individual items in a production process, which of the following is the fraction defective that can be used in a "p" chart for quality control purposes? A. 400 B. 160 C. 2.5 D. 1.0 E. 0.4

Q: (p. 328) If there are 120 total defects from 10 samples, each sample consisting of 10 individual items in a production process, which of the following is the fraction defective that can be used in a "p" chart for quality control purposes? A. 120 B. 10 C. 8 D. 1.2 E. 0.8

Q: (p. 327) Quality control charts usually have a central line and upper and lower control limit lines. Which of the following are reasons that the process being monitored with the chart should be investigated? A. A single plot falls above or below the control limits B. Normal behavior C. A large number of plots are on or near the central line D. No real trend in any direction E. A change in raw materials or operators

Q: (p. 327) Quality control charts usually have a central line and upper and lower control limit lines. Which of the following is not a reason that the process being monitored with the chart should be investigated? A. A large number of plots are close to the upper or lower control lines B. Erratic behavior of the plots C. A single plot falls above or below the control limits D. A change in raw materials or operators E. A run of five above the central line

Q: (p. 324) You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [1.5, 1]." Which of the following is the interpretation of these numbers? A. The true capability index value is 1 B. The mean of the production process has shifted to the left of the design limits C. The mean of the production process has shifted to the right of the design limits D. The mean has not shifted at all E. The true capability index value is between 1.5 and 1

Q: (p. 324) You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [1, 1]." Which of the following is the proper interpretation of these numbers? A. The true capability index value is exactly 1 B. The mean of the production process has shifted to the left of the design limits C. The mean of the production process has shifted to the right of the design limits D. The mean has not shifted at all E. None of the above

Q: (p. 324) You have just used the capability index (Cpk) formulas to compute the two values "min [2, 2.5]." Which of the following is the proper interpretation of these numbers? A. The true capability index value is 2.5 B. The mean of the production process has shifted to the left of the design limits C. The mean of the production process has shifted to the right of the design limits D. The mean has not shifted at all E. The true capability index value is between 2 and 2.5

Q: (p. 332) In monitoring process quality we might use which of the following statistics? A. Absolute values B. Percentage deviation from tolerance centers C. "k" values for the sample mean D. Logarithmic control intervals E. Difference between the highest and lowest value in a sample

Q: (p. 311) Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as defects that pass through the system, such as customer warranty replacements, loss of customer or goodwill, handling complaints, and product repair? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. External failure costs D. Customer return cost E. Workmanship costs

Q: (p. 310) Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as inspection, testing, and other tasks to ensure that the product or process is acceptable? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. External failure costs D. Internal failure costs E. Checking costs

Q: (p. 311) Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as scrap, rework, or repair? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. External failure costs D. Internal failure costs E. Rework and wastage

Q: (p. 310) A cost of quality classification is which of the following? A. Material costs B. Prevention costs C. Variable overhead D. Direct labor E. Inventory costs

Q: (p. 310) Which of the following are basic assumptions that justify an analysis of the costs of quality? A. Failures are caused B. Prevention is more expensive C. Performance can be learned D. Rules of thumb don't always work E. Appraisal costs are less than prevention costs

Q: (p. 308) Which of the following is a dimension of design quality? A. Aesthetics B. Price C. Quality at the source D. Distribution E. Leadership

Q: (p. 308) Which of the following is a dimension of design quality? A. Price B. Features C. Color D. Weight E. Quality at the source

Q: (p. 308) The dimension of design quality that concerns secondary characteristics is which of the following? A. Features B. Serviceability C. Reliability D. Reputation E. Perceived quality

Q: (p. 308) The dimension of design quality that concerns the consistency of performance over time or the probability of failing is which of the following? A. Response B. Serviceability C. Reliability D. Reputation E. Perceived quality

Q: (p. 308) The dimension of design quality that concerns the sensory characteristics of the product is which of the following? A. Features B. Serviceability C. Perceived quality D. Reputation E. Aesthetics

Q: (p. 306) Which of the following is not a category reported in applying for the Baldrige Award? A. Corporate leadership B. Use of statistical quality control tools C. Business results D. Consumer and market focus E. Strategic planning

Q: (p. 306) The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is given to organizations that have done which of the following? A. Instituted a six-sigma approach to total quality control B. Demonstrated a high level of product quality C. Demonstrated outstanding quality in their products and processes D. Have a world-class quality control function E. Most significantly improved their product quality levels

Q: (p. 306) Applicants for the Baldrige Award for total quality management must submit an application of up to 50 pages that details the processes and results of their activities under seven major categories. Which of the following is one of those categories? A. DMAIC B. Analysis and Remember management C. Standardization D. Control E. Inspection protocols

Q: (p. 307) The primary purpose of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award is which of the following? A. To encourage the spread of statistical quality control B. To improve human resource development and management in manufacturing C. To help companies review and structure their quality programs. D. To prove that American firms were competitive in quality E. To emphasize the use of quantitative methods in process management

Q: (p. 306) Which of the following are not eligible to be considered for the Baldrige Award? A. Small businesses B. Health care organizations C. Educational institutions D. State highway patrol organizations E. Nuclear power plants

Q: (p. 306) Which of the following are eligible companies to be considered for the Baldrige award? A. Auditing firms B. Offshore suppliers to U. S. companies C. Firms operating only outside the U. S. D. State Government agencies E. None of the above

Q: (p. 306) The Malcolm Baldrige award selection process helps improve quality and productivity by which of the following means? A. Stimulating foreign based suppliers of American companies to improve quality B. Reporting quality levels among American firms C. Identifying American firms with the most difficult quality problems D. Providing feedback to applicants by the examiners E. Helping Baldrige award winners increase their sales

Q: (p. 315) Design of experiments is a statistical methodology often used in six-sigma projects. It aims to accomplish which of the following? A. Keep careful track of the occurrences of each possible defect B. Determine the cause and effect relationships between process variables and output C. Report defects to management on a Pareto chart D. Carefully change each individual process variable until the cause of a defect is found E. Eliminate defects by finding out whom or what is causing them

Q: (p. 315) Failure mode and effect analysis is used in six-sigma projects. It involves which of the following? A. Closely examining each rejected part to determine the cause B. A careful sampling plan C. Calculating a risk priority number for each possible failure D. Reporting the effect each failure has had on a customer E. Multivariate testing

Q: (p. 315) Which of the following is not an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs? A. Flowcharts B. Run charts C. Control charts D. Pareto diagrams E. Decision diagrams

Q: (p. 315) Which of the following is an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs? A. Leadership B. Pareto Charts C. Management by fact D. Continuous improvement E. Kaizen

Q: (p. 315) A Pareto chart as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category? A. Define B. Measure C. Analyze D. Improve E. Control

Q: (p. 315) An opportunity flow diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category? A. Define B. Measure C. Analyze D. Improve E. Control

Q: (p. 315) A fishbone diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category? A. Define B. Measure C. Analyze D. Improve E. Control

Q: (p. 315) A flow chart as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category? A. Define B. Measure C. Analyze D. Improve E. Control

Q: (p. 315) Which of the following is not an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs? A. Run charts B. Pass charts C. Cause-and-effect diagrams D. Flowcharts E. Pareto charts

Q: (p. 315) An analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs is which of the following? A. Leadership B. Continuous improvement C. Quick response D. Partnership diagrams E. Checksheets

Q: (p. 308) The philosophical leaders of the quality movement, Philip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, and Joseph M. Juran had the same general message about what it took to achieve outstanding quality. Which of the following was part of that message? A. Fourteen steps for quality management B. Quality is free C. Customer focus D. Zero defects E. Six-sigma

Q: (p. 307) The philosophical leaders of the quality movement, Philip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, and Joseph M. Juran had the same general message about what it took to achieve outstanding quality. Which of the following was not part of that message? A. Quality is free B. Leadership from senior management C. Customer focus D. Total involvement of the workforce E. Continuous improvement

Q: (p. 330) In variables sampling the actual measurements of the variable observed are used regardless of whether the unit is good or bad.

Q: (p. 328) Standard practice in statistical process control for variables is to set control limits so that 95 percent of the sample means will fall within the UCL and the LCL.