Q&A Hero

Q: Research suggests that the moral reasoning of men differs from the moral reasoning of women.

Q: Emotions should be kept separate from reasoning.

Q: According to results of studies using the Defining Issues Test, when education stops, moral development plateaus.

Q: Individuals at the preconventional level of moral thinking decide on the basis of direct consequences.

Q: This ethics expert expanded upon Lonergans decision-making method? a. Joseph Badaracco b. Catharyn Baird c. Lynn Paine d. James Rest

Q: This ethics professor offered a four part moral compass philosophy to help with managerial decision-making. a. Joseph Badaracco b. Stephen Goldman c. Lynn Paine d. Bernard Lonergan

Q: Which component of moral intensity is determined by whether intense suffering occurs violating ones sense of justice? a. magnitude of consequences b. probability of effect c. concentration of effect d. social consensus

Q: The ______ decision-making format talks about using four frames or lens of analysis? a. Lonergan/Baird Method b. Moral Compass c. Foursquare Protocol d. Five I Format

Q: Narrowing in on a solution and considering its course of action and consequences comes in which stage of the Five I Format? a. innovate b. investigate c. isolate d. implement

Q: Looking for more possible options or alternative courses of action come in which stage of the Five I Format? a. identify b. investigate c. isolate d. innovate

Q: Which component of moral intensity is determined by widespread agreement that something is good or bad? a. magnitude of consequences b. probability of effect c. temporal immediacy d. social consensus

Q: The ______ decision-making format can be summed up by, Be attentive. Be intelligent. Be reasonable. Be responsible. a. Lonergan/Baird Method b. Moral Compass c. Foursquare Protocol d. Five I Format

Q: The Five I Format involves which five I verbs? a. integrate, investigate, innovate, isolate, and implement b. identify, investigate, innovate, isolate, and implement c. identify, inspect, innovate, isolate, and implement d. identify, investigate, innovate, insulate, and implement

Q: Rebecca knew her group was lagging in projections for their company deadlines. As project manager, she wanted to see them succeed rather than fail. Rebecca believed her group could meet the goal with a week extension deadline. She opted to be honest with her supervisor and ask for a deadline extension rather than fabricate inaccurate numbers for the original deadline. Rebecca is demonstrating component ______ of ethical behavior. a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: Michael withstood a large amount of company opposition and he made the hard decision to be fully honest about the company product recall. He felt good about his decision, believing it was the right thing to do even if it was an expensive recall for the company. Michael is demonstrating component ______ of ethical behavior. a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: Charolette worked with the companys ethics department. She knew it was not right to use company time for personal matters; however, she often chose to tackle her personal to do list while at work. This is a form of ______. a. moral hypocrisy b. motivated forgetting c. moral motivation d. cognitive dissonance

Q: When people convince themselves that their questionable behavior was morally permissible because of the purpose, other forces, lack of consequences or the victim had it coming, this is a form of ______. a. motivated forgetting b. moral disengagement c. slippery slope d. cognitive dissonance

Q: What is the psychological tension called when our actions and self-images do not match? a. motivated forgetting b. moral disengagement c. slippery slope d. cognitive dissonance

Q: John knew he struggled with self-doubt and if he didnt confront his own trap, he would not be an effective leader. What destructive motivation is John wrestling with? a. fear of failure b. insecurities c. greed d. ego

Q: Emily was very caught up in her role as CEO. She often used other people to achieve her accomplishments and was overly confident in her position. Which destructive motivation is Emily displaying? a. fear of failure b. insecurities c. greed d. ego

Q: Which one of the items below is NOT a noted destructive motivation? a. fear of failure b. insecurities c. greed d. ego

Q: Level ______ thinking of ethical decision maker will tend to look to other people for guidance. They may also look to work rules and leaders to help determine what their right is from their wrong. a. 1: preconventional b. 2: conventional c. 3: postconventional or principled d. 4: graduated level of

Q: According to Kohlberg, about 20% of Americans can be classified at Level ______ thinking of moral thinking a. 1: preconventional b. 2: conventional c. 3: postconventional or principled d. 4: graduated level of

Q: An individual who is able to apply the most advanced type of reasoning and relies on universal values and principles is applying Level ______ thinking of ethical decision-making. a. 1: preconventional b. 2: conventional c. 3: postconventional or principled d. 4: graduated level of

Q: When individuals make an ethical decision on the basis of avoiding direct consequences and they obey to avoid punishment, this is an example of Level ______ thinking stage of Kohlbergs stages of moral development. a. 1: preconventional b. 2: conventional c. 3: postconventional or principled d. 4: graduated level of

Q: Which item is not a suggested tip for enhancing your ethical sensitivity? a. engage in active listening and role playing b. talk to all your friends about the ethical dilemma c. pay attention to your feelings d. crank up the moral intensity

Q: Component ______ of ethical behavior is where a decision maker makes judgements about the right or wrong things to do in the specific context? a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: Component ______ of ethical behavior can mean that successful implementation has developed competence. a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: Component ______ of ethical behavior finds that decision makers must follow through on their choice. a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: Component ______ of ethical behavior focuses on recognizing that an ethical problem exists. a. 1: moral sensitivity b. 2: moral judgment c. 3: moral motivation d. 4: moral character

Q: The predisposition to note the ethical dimension of experiences and events is termed moral ______. a. sensitivity b. thoughtfulness c. attentiveness d. responsiveness

Q: The last step of the Foursquare Protocol is ______. a. situating yourself to decide b. gathering accumulated experience in similar situation c. close description of the situation d. recognize the significant similarities between the current problem and past ones

Q: Forgetting that we have violated moral rules is associated with which cognitive bias? a. overestimating our ethicality b. favoring members of our own group c. forgiving our own unethical behavior d. implicit prejudice

Q: Making sense of the data we have gathered takes place during which step of the Lonergan/Baird method? a. be attentive b. be intelligent c. be reasonable d. be responsible

Q: People act like natural scientists according to which ethical decision-making framework? a. the moral compass b. five I format c. foursquare protocol d. Lonergan/Baird Method

Q: Sam is angry about the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor in society. He is demonstrating which type of moral emotion? a. other-suffering b. self-conscious c. other-condemning d. other-praising

Q: We are more likely to take notice of ethical issues when they involve people who are close to us. This is referred to as ______. a. magnitude of consequences b. social consensus c. proximity d. temporal immediacy

Q: Problem analysis and data collection come in which stage of the Five I decision-making format? a. identify b. investigate c. isolate d. innovate

Q: Which theorist developed the four-component model of ethical behavior? a. Lawrence Kohlberg b. James Rest c. Patricia Werhane d. Rushworth Kidder

Q: Which of the following increases your moral motivation? a. punish yourself for doing the wrong thing b. resist emotions c. seek out organizations that reward ethical behaviors d. all of these

Q: Moral ______ describes the tendency of people to want to appear moral when acting immorally. a. muteness b. hypocrisy c. determination d. dumbfounding

Q: ______ and ______ play an important role in following through on ethical choices. a. Time; rewards b. Patience; social support c. Rewards; emotions d. Interest; resources

Q: David looks to his coworkers when determining whether he should obey the companys code of ethics. He is reasoning at the ______ level. a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional (principled) d. none of these

Q: Most people are at the ______ level of moral development. a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional (principled) d. over conventional

Q: Perspective taking skills play an important role in the moral ______ component of ethical behavior. a. judgment b. sensitivity (recognition) c. motivation d. character

Q: An ethical scandal leading to the loss of billions of dollars and the loss of thousands of jobs attracts the attention of the public for reasons of ______. a. temporal immediacy b. social consensus c. proximity d. magnitude of consequences

Q: In ______, organizational members step outside their current frame of reference to assess and evaluate. a. moral imagination b. moral intensity c. moral proximity d. none of these

Q: Susan is strongly against siblings marrying one another but cannot explain why she feels the way she does. Susans response is an example of ______. a. moral sensitivity b. moral dumbfounding c. social intuition d. hyperjudgment

Q: Emotions or intuitions would be most important in determining ______. a. whether or not to pay a bribe b. if a marketing campaign violates ethical marketing principles c. whether or not to take a patient off of life support d. the severity of punishment for breaking a company rule

Q: Which is a true statement about the role of emotion in moral decision-making? a. view emotion with suspicion b. rely on emotion, not logic c. use both cognition and emotion d. none of these

Q: When a coworker confronted Grady about the large discrepancy in the inventory list, he claimed, The boss made me do it. This dissonance is an example of moral ______. a. imagination b. intensity c. disengagement d. hypocrisy

Q: The forecasting team needed direction and decisions from their manager, Kathy. They were already two days overdue on the project deadline. Kathy didnt want to disappoint any of her colleagues and she was trying to people please all of her coworkers, even to the point of a late project. Which negative motivating factor did Kathy demonstrate? a. greed b. insecurity c. ego d. all of these

Q: In Kohlbergs stages of moral development, a child obeys the rules of the house to avoid a punishment. This is an example of Stage ______ in Kohlbergs moral development theory. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Q: Which Harvard psychologist developed moral stages, which illustrated that individuals develop morally just as they would develop physically? a. James Rest b. Lawrence Kohlberg c. Patricia Werhane d. Rushworth Kidder

Q: We are more likely to recognize a moral or ethical dilemma based on its moral ______. a. hypocrisy b. muteness c. intensity d. imagination

Q: In the past, scholars and researchers did not include ______ as part of the moral decision-making process. a. emotions b. values c. logic d. reason

Q: Identify an example of organizational citizenship behavior illustrating how such a behavior might be considered altruistic in nature.

Q: Contrast moral conation with moral maturation.

Q: Identify behaviors an individual might engage in if they exhibited moral maturation.

Q: Share an example of someone exercising moral conation.

Q: s there a difference between ethics and morals? Defend your position.

Q: Which ethical perspective do you find most useful? Why?

Q: What does it mean to you to live well?

Q: Compare and contrast Confucianism with another perspective described in the chapter. What similarities and differences do you note between the two theories?

Q: Evaluate the veil of ignorance as a decision-making tool in an organizational setting.

Q: Should altruism be considered a unique ethical perspective? Why?

Q: What would you say to someone who excuses unethical behavior by saying that business is business?

Q: Do you think Rawlss Justice as Fairness theory adequately balances the tension between liberty and equality?

Q: Explain how the principle of respect for persons underlies human rights.

Q: Are there some behaviors that are always wrong, without exception? If so, what are they? Provide examples of these behaviors from the organization context.

Q: Outline the strengths and weaknesses of Utilitarianism. Do its strengths outweigh its weaknesses?

Q: Moral ______ capacity describes taking responsibility and then being motivated to do the right thing even when faced with adversity.

Q: Moral ______ capacity drives ethical thinking.

Q: Briefly share about the two principles introduced by John Rawls.

Q: What strategies can you follow to become more of an ethical expert?

Q: How do ethical experts differ from ethical novices?

Q: Define organizational ethics.

Q: Provide examples of li in business relationships.

Q: How do good habits build good character?

Q: Explain the Golden Mean.