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Business Ethics
Q:
An organization's gender, racial, and ethnic employee profile should reflect the profile of people living in the geographical region qualified to perform the job task.
Q:
Innovative companies like Ben & Jerry's broadcast the organization's progressive social mission throughout its website in hopes of attracting like-minded people.
Q:
Though they are an invasion of privacy, ethics screens for job candidates are worth it.
Q:
People who behave unethically won"t be deterred by notifications that job screens for ethics are part of the hiring process.
Q:
Where appropriate, a final step in the ethics job screen process may include drug and polygraph tests.
Q:
It is appropriate to ask job finalists about their responses to ethical dilemmas experienced at previous workplaces, and how they would respond to dilemmas experienced by current employees.
Q:
In order to ensure an ethical candidate is being hired, in some cases employers may need to ask questions that violate the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Q:
Employers must rely on instinct, not methodical tools, to determine whether a job candidate is ethical.
Q:
Ethical problems can often be characterized as occurring on a slippery slope, whereby relatively minor issues can be compounded into major violations.
Q:
Notifying potential job candidates about an organization's ethics screen doesn"t seem to have an effect on whether ethical people apply for the position, but can lead to better hiring decisions.
Q:
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was created in 1965 to oversee provisions of the Civil Rights Act.
Q:
Disparate impacts occur when members of a protected class rarely make it through all the job-screening filters, suggesting that one of the decision rules could be unintentionally discriminatory.
Q:
Under which of the following scenarios might an organization implement an affirmative action plan?a) if its gender ratio is exactly equalb) if its racial bias is intentionalc) if its gender or racial profile does not reflect the gender or racial profile of people living in the same region, qualified to perform the job taskd) all of the abovee) none of the above
Q:
The "four-fifths rule" is intended to ensure:
a) avoidance of disparate impacts
b) civil rights violations
c) the percentage of ethical employees
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Unlawful discrimination can occur in which of the following situations?
a) the front end, by excluding candidates from the hiring pool
b) the back end, by intentional or unintentional choices at the hiring stage
c) during employment, in retention and promotion processes
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
The most frequently used instrument for diagnosing personality disorders, is called the:
a) Social Dominance Orientation survey (SDO)
b) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
c) Organizational Citizenship Behavior survey (OCB)
d) polygraph or lie detector test
e) none of the above
Q:
Because ethics demands sincere, open-minded and respectful interactions with a wide variety of people, ________________ can be helpful in determining propensity toward ethical behavior in the workplace.
a) social dominance orientation surveys
b) integrity surveys
c) citizenship behavior surveys
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Which of the following is not a factor of organizational citizenship behavior?
a) helping behavior
b) organizational loyalty
c) organizational compliance
d) legal behavior
e) civic virtue
Q:
_____________________ refers to work-related helping behaviors that go beyond normal job requirements, such as aiding others with job-related problems.
a) conscientiousness
b) civil rights behavior
c) organizational citizenship behavior
d) integrity
e) none of the above
Q:
Conscientiousness is associated with which of the following character traits:
a) trustworthiness
b) integrity
c) ethical behavior
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Of the hundreds of possibility personality measures, ____________________ is the best predictor of ethics and job performance.
a) obedience
b) conscientiousness
c) integrity
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Integrity tests are useful tools which can provide which of the following?
a) direct admission of performing an illegal or questionable activity
b) opinions regarding illegal or questionable behavior
c) personality traits related to dishonesty
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Credit checks are increasingly part of the job-screening process, in part because research indicates that key indicators of employee involvement in fraud include:
a) criminal records
b) living beyond his/her means and difficulty meeting financial obligations
c) difficulty passing personality and behavioral tests
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Workplace substance abuse is associated with which of the following?
a) discrimination
b) productivity and safety costs
c) civil rights violations
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
It is helpful to provide job finalists with ________________, an honest description of daily work activities that highlights both exciting and tedious aspects of the job, to avoid "entry shock" for new employees.a) lie detector testsb) working interviewsc) realistic job previewsd) all of the abovee) none of the above
Q:
Which of the following characteristics cannot be measured by personality tests?
a) tendencies toward conscientiousness
b) tendencies toward citizenship behavior
c) tendencies toward social dominance orientation
d) mental disabilities
e) none of the above
Q:
Which of the following sources of information are fair and available to employers when making hiring decisions, if job-related?
a) criminal records
b) motor vehicle reports
c) credit checks
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
If, during a reference check, a former employer or supervisor will only verify dates of employment, an employer is encouraged to ask the following question to learn more about the candidate:
a) "Would you hire this person again?"
b) "Is this candidate a qualified worker?"
c) "Did you give this candidate positive evaluations?"
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
If an employer finds false information or inconsistencies on a resume or job application, he/she is encouraged to:
a) notify the candidate and immediately discontinue consideration of him/her
b) notify the candidate and ask for an explanation, correct and forgive minor mistakes, and closely monitor the new hire
c) determine that minor mistakes are understandable given the highly competitive job market, and disregard them
d) notify legal authorities
e) none of the above
Q:
Research indicates what percentage of all resumes contain dishonesty?
a) more than one in two
b) more than one in five
c) more than three-fourths
d) one quarter
e) none of the above
Q:
The best predictor of future performance is/are __________________, encapsulated on tools such as resumes.
a) behavioral test scores
b) reference checks
c) past performance
d) age
e) none of the above
Q:
Experts estimate that _______________ of the 47 million Latinos living in the United States are undocumented.
a) 90 percent
b) 75 percent
c) 50 percent
d) 25 percent
e) none of the above
Q:
Over time, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has been supplemented with legislation prohibiting discrimination based on which of the following characteristics?
a) age
b) pregnancy
c) disability
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) recommends applying a ___________ rule to determine whether an apparently nondiscriminatory selection process may result in disparate impacts.
a) two-thirds
b) four-fifths
c) half-and-half
d) civil rights
e) none of the above
Q:
_______________ job discrimination occurs when members of protected classes are excluded from the job candidate pool.
a) back end
b) mission-related
c) front end
d) subtle
e) none of the above
Q:
Three major exemptions to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act include:
a) small businesses (under 15 employees) are exempted so as not to overwhelm them with regulatory compliance burdens
b) organizations that serve religious purposes
c) preference for certain occupational qualifications that are related to the essence or central mission of the business
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Which legislation protects job applicants from discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender or national origin?
a) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
b) The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
c) The Worker Protection Act of 1959
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Which of the following is not a component of the Six-Step Ethics Job Screen Process?
a) informing potential applicants about the organization's ethics job screen
b) gather information that may include information on the applicant's age or disability
c) obtain information on personality traits and other characteristics using assessment tools
d) interview finalists on their experiences with ethical dilemmas
e) none of the above
Q:
The first step in hiring ethical employees is:
a) determining their work history
b) ensuring they meet all qualifications
c) designing a job notification that attracts ethical job candidates
d) reviewing resumes
e) none of the above
Q:
The most important factor for developing and reinforcing a high-integrity work culture is:
a) hiring ethical job applicants
b) effective codes of conduct
c) swift justice policies
d) ensuring fair pay
e) none of the above
Q:
Define and provide an overview of the Optimal Ethics Systems Model.
Q:
Identify and define at least four major issues surrounding labor rights in the U.S. capitalist economy, from the founding of the United States through recent history including the 2009 federal bailout.
Q:
Discuss the key components of Adam Smith's conception of capitalism, including his justification of the ethics of capitalism.
Q:
Income inequality is unique to capitalist societies.
Q:
Though many union organizers have lived sacrificial lives for the well-being of others and emphasized non-violence, some union activity has been hampered by the stigmas of violence and corruption.
Q:
Labor unions were originally intended to reduce power imbalances between owners and laborers.
Q:
The U.S. founders renounced slavery and refused to own slaves.
Q:
The founders of the United States addressed the obvious contradiction between slavery and liberty in the Constitution.
Q:
U.S. capitalism, by definition, avoids ethical dilemmas arising from exploitation of laborers.
Q:
Huge population growth through illegal immigration, primarily from Europe, characterized the Industrial Revolution.
Q:
Living in an expanding economy hinders jobs and disposable income.
Q:
Smith argued that laborers benefit from capitalism because economic growth generates jobs and more choice among occupations.
Q:
Adam Smith argued that free people naturally disregard the interests of others.
Q:
Adam Smith promoted self-interest as the primary motivation for individual behavior.
Q:
Adam Smith and early proponents of capitalism believed a strong system of justice is essential to punish those who do not appropriately self-regulate their behaviors, and to reinforce contracts.
Q:
Adam Smith's writings did not address the moral elements of capitalism.
Q:
Capitalism was touted by Adam Smith and his followers as ethically superior to government-controlled mercantilism due to its emphasis on individual freedom and competition.
Q:
Adam Smith's notions of selfishness and self-interest are identical.
Q:
Mercantilist policies discouraged monopolies, avoided quotas on imports, and promoted freedom for tradesmen.
Q:
Adam Smith asserted that laborers must be tightly controlled to preserve economic growth.
Q:
Victory in the Revolutionary War meant abandoning England's government-controlled mercantilist system in favor of commercial laws that encouraged and protected liberty in the business sector.
Q:
The Bill of Rights outlined rights including freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom from unreasonable search and seizure.
Q:
The Bill of Rights was the original introduction to the Declaration of Independence.
Q:
On July 4, 1776, colonial leaders declared political independence from Britain, an act of treason punishable by death.
Q:
Peaceful relations between indigenous tribes and the Pilgrims ended when the indigenous tribes violated fur trading pacts and land agreements.
Q:
All groups at Plymouth were required to observe the Pilgrims' strict religious lifestyle.
Q:
The Pilgrim settlement at modern-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, was a business venture established as a trading colony.
Q:
Early settlements by English colonists were often marked by warfare with indigenous peoples.
Q:
Early charters hindered groups of people from creating organizations by pooling financial resources, which enabled riskier business projects to be undertaken.
Q:
Many indigenous populations were harmed by early European exploration.
Q:
Christopher Columbus's voyage from Europe was motivated by a desire to discover resources in other areas of the world.
Q:
Capitalism was chosen as the economic system for the newly formed United States because it was the easiest way to become competitive with Britain.
Q:
It is important to consider the historical perspective to appreciate the evolution of the current economic and regulatory systems.
Q:
Which of the following best practices are consistent with the Optimal Ethics Systems Model:
a) hiring ethical people
b) codes of ethics and codes of conduct
c) environmental management
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
A B Corporation is distinct from the typical C Corporation designation because the B Corporation certification focuses on:
a) maximizing shareholder wealth
b) limiting worker compensation
c) ethics, sustainability and social responsibility
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines, issued in 1991, were an attempt by the government to:
a) mandate policies and procedures that reinforce ethical behavior
b) require widespread consumer protections
c) require widespread worker protections
d) encourage managers to implement policies and procedures that reinforce ethical behavior
e) none of the above
Q:
The Reagan Administration of the 1980s began a process of deregulation, or __________________, which continued under the Clinton and Bush administrations.
a) lifting government restrictions on market activity
b) tightening government restrictions on market activity
c) ensuring equitable stock options
d) ensuring consumer protections
e) none of the above
Q:
One method that may assist in more equitable levels of executive pay that limits incentives for stock price manipulation is:
a) extended payout periods for stock options
b) lump-sum stock option payouts
c) elimination of stock options
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
In 2009, the federal government tried to determine "fair compensation" for top executives that accepted federal bailout funds by:a) limiting the total amount of compensationb) regulating stock optionsc) mandating lump sum paymentsd) requiring cash bonusese) none of the above
Q:
The minimum wage, the lowest wage an employee can legally pay an employee, an amount higher than what the market would otherwise establish, was federally mandated by which of the following pieces of legislation?
a) the Fair Labor Standards Act
b) the National Labor Relations Act
c) the Great Depression Act
d) the Living Wage Act
e) none of the above