Q&A Hero

Q: The group that is elected by shareholders to govern and oversee management is the A.investment council. B.board of directors. C.board of trustees. D.governing council.

Q: Which of the following is the non-Marxist critique of American capitalism that involves the view that the government overtaxes the population to produce unnecessary war materiel? A. The military-industrial complex B. False needs and overproduction C. Inequalities inherent in the system D. Exploitation

Q: Shareholders are A.owners of the corporation. B.creditors of the corporation. C.anyone who is affected by the corporation. D.also employees of the corporation.

Q: Which of the following non-Marxist moral critiques of American capitalism involves the notion that capitalism creates waste? A. The military-industrial complex B. False needs and overproduction C. Inequalities inherent in the system D. Exploitation

Q: The state-issued document that grants the corporation's right to exist and stipulating the basic terms of its existence is a(n) A.certificate of legitimacy. B.occupancy permit. C.charter. D.article of incorporation.

Q: Which of the elements of Marxist theory has to do with the notion that capitalism divides people into antagonistic camps and sets one against another? A. exploitation B. prevents production C. vested interests D. alienation

Q: The method by which a firm is being governed, directed, administered, or controlled is A.corporate governance. B.management. C.management by objectives. D.management by decree.

Q: Which of the following is not a Marxist critique of nineteenth-century capitalism? A. Capitalism is inherently immoral because it promotes the benefit of the whole of society rather than any particular group. B. Capitalism is inherently immoral because it cannot exist without robbing the worker of his due. C. Capitalism is inherently immoral because it necessarily involves the alienation of human beings. D. Capitalism is inherently immoral because it protects the vested interest of the few.

Q: Which of the following is not a method of obtaining the micro level of legitimacy? A.A company adapts its operations to conform to prevailing standards. B.A company may seek to avoid detection that it is operating contrary to social norms. C.A company may attempt to changes the public's values and norms. D.A company may identify itself with other organization, people, or values.

Q: The macro level of legitimacy refers to the achievement and maintenance of legitimacy by A.government. B.private/public partnerships. C.business as a whole. D.individual businesses.

Q: Antitrust legislation is an example of which of the following? A. Control of economic cycles B. Taxation C. Correction of unfair tendencies and of market failures D. Development of a welfare safety net

Q: The micro level of legitimacy refers to achieving and maintaining legitimacy by conforming to societal expectations for A.the business system as a whole. B.public policy partnerships. C.non-government organizations. D.individual businesses.

Q: Which of the following needs that the American government has sought to meet has to do with the financing of government activities? A. Control of economic cycles B. Taxation C. Correction of unfair tendencies and of market failures D. Development of a welfare safety net

Q: Which of the following needs that the American government has sought to meet has to do with economic booms and busts and the effects of those on the unemployed? A. Development of a welfare safety net B. Provision of common goods C. Control of economic cycles D. Correction of unfair tendencies and of market failures

Q: Some analysts believe that business's social legitimacy is fragile.

Q: Which of the following needs that the American government has sought to meet has to do with caring for those ignored by the free enterprise system? A. Development of a welfare safety net B. Provision of common goods C. Control of economic cycles D. Correction of unfair tendencies and of market failures

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. This chapter of the textbook has made a strong case for the use of stakeholder management. Discuss reasons why firms may choose not to utilize this model.

Q: For advocates of the free enterprise system, it works as it should, it does which of the following? A. Rewards all of those in society, regardless of their contributions. B. Rewards only those who contribute to the economy, and only in proportion to their contribution. C. Rewards only those who contribute to the economy, and singles out for punishment, those who don't. D. Rewards members of society randomly.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Stakeholder management, with its normative content, holds out the promise of positive outcomes to the firms that use it. Discuss some of these expected outcomes and evaluate their likelihood of occurrence and their importance to the firm.

Q: Which philosopher claims that each person, in pursuing his own good, indirectly and unknowingly also promotes the public interest? A. John Stuart Mill B. Jeremy Bentham C. John Rawls D. Adam Smith

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Stakeholder management does not specify how managers should view the function of stakeholders. Some view stakeholders as just additional groups to be managed for the benefit of the firm and its owners. Others view stakeholders as groups to whom the firm has certain responsibilities that are equally important to duties owed to owners. Discuss this issue and defend your stance.

Q: Which of the following is not something that is championed by advocates of socialism? A. free enterprise B. equality C. security D. absence of exploitation

Q: Socialism is commonly, and erroneously, often confused with which of the following? A. capitalism B. communism C. feudalism D. None of these

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.

Q: Which of the following is the model of capitalism that is closest to the model employed in contemporary Japan? A. Government only preserves the peace and adjudicates disputes among those engaged in business. B. Government is the protector of capitalists at the expense of the other members of society. C. Government should help business by imposing quotas, import taxes, and other means to make foreign interests less competitive. D. Government and business cooperate for the sake of both business and society as a whole.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.

Q: Which of the models of capitalism comes closest to socialism? A. Government only preserves the peace and adjudicates disputes among those engaged in business. B. Government is the protector of capitalists at the expense of the other members of society. C. Government should help business by imposing quotas, import taxes, and other means to make foreign interests less competitive. D. Governments should take over and run those industries that private enterprises cannot handle successfully.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.Discuss how PETA is making itself a stakeholder in the wool industry.

Q: Which of the following excusing conditions has to do with a clinical abnormality? A. lack of control B. absence of alternatives C. external coercion D. internal compulsions

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Summarize the principles of stakeholder management.

Q: If a bank robber puts a gun to a bank teller's head and tells him to hand over the money in the cash drawer, which of the following excusing conditions would limit the teller's moral responsibility? A. lack of control B. external coercion C. the absence of alternatives D. internal coercion

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Describe the levels of stakeholder management capability.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Explain what the concept of tapping the expertise of stakeholders means.

Q: If I fainted and in the process of fainting, knocked over a lamp, which started a fire, which sort of excusing condition would limit my moral responsibility for the fire? A. lack of control B. external coercion C. the absence of alternatives D. internal coercion

Q: Which of the following is an excusing condition that has to do having only one possible action that I can perform? A. lack of control B. external coercion C. the absence of alternatives D. internal coercion

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. The diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders categorizes stakeholders by their perceived level of cooperation and/or threat. Explain how this typology works and evaluate its usefulness.

Q: The degree to which a stakeholder's claim requires immediate response is its A.power. B.legitimacy. C.urgency. D.coercion.

Q: Which of the following is not meant by being "morally responsible" for an action? A. I did not perform the action. B. I performed the action. C. I performed the action knowingly. D. I performed the action willingly.

Q: A stakeholder's ability or capacity to produce an effect within the firm is called its A.power. B.legitimacy. C.urgency. D.coercion.

Q: For a virtue ethicist, which of the following would be why bribery would be considered wrong? A. it is not universalizable B. it is contrary to developing good character C. it treats peoples as means to an end D. it does not bring about the greatest good

Q: The perceived validity or appropriateness of a stakeholder's claim is referred to as A.power. B.legitimacy. C.urgency. D.coercion.

Q: All actions by nations or companies involves, first and foremost, which of the following? A. actions by individuals B. actions by legislative bodies C. actions by corporate entities D. actions by nation states

Q: Which of the following is not an attribute upon which managers judge the importance of stakeholders? A.power B.urgency C.legitimacy D.nationality

Q: Which of the following is necessary for sound moral action, on a virtue view? A. Moral luck B. An attention paid to the means C. Strong emotional commitments D. Sound moral judgment

Q: If we consider the stakeholder typology, and the three attributes of power, group number one on the top outside is called: A.A dormant stakeholder B.A dangerous stakeholder C.A demanding stakeholder D.A nonstakeholder

Q: Which of the following describes a moral ideal? A. A pleasure or happiness. B. A disposition. C. A goal toward which we can strive. D. A talent or ability.

Q: If we consider the stakeholder typology, and the three attributes of power, group number eight on the outside is called: A.A definitive stakeholder B.A dangerous stakeholder C.A demanding stakeholder D.A nonstakeholder

Q: Which of the following is a good definition of the virtues? A. The virtues are characterized by the habit of going along with the majority. B. The virtues are skills of discerning the rules and obeying them. C. The virtues are characterized by emphasizing the ends over the means. D. The virtues are skills of excellence in the art of living in society with others.

Q: If we consider the stakeholder typology, and the three attributes of power, group number seven in the very center is called: A.A definitive stakeholder B.A dormant stakeholder C.A dependent stakeholder D.A discretionary stakeholder

Q: Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by habitually resisting? A. The person has a morally good character. B. The person has a weak character. C. The person has an immoral character. D. The person has great moral luck.

Q: A group of people who represents the interests of a nonhuman species (such as the natural environment) and does not have a direct stake in the firm is known as A.primary social stakeholders. B.secondary social stakeholders. C.primary nonsocial stakeholders. D.secondary nonsocial stakeholders.

Q: Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by habitually giving in to it? A. The person has an excellent character. B. The person has an immoral character. C. The person has a strong character. D. The person has a weak character.

Q: A nonhuman species (such as the spotted owl) that holds a direct stake in a firm is called a A.primary social stakeholder. B.secondary social stakeholder. C.primary nonsocial stakeholder. D.secondary nonsocial stakeholder.

Q: Which of the following would be the conclusion a virtue ethicist might make of one who reacts to strong temptation by frequently giving in to it? A. The person has an excellent character. B. The person has an immoral character. C. The person has a strong character. D. The person has a weak character.

Q: A group of people who is able to influence the firm, but does not hold a direct stake in is known as A.primary social stakeholders. B.secondary social stakeholders. C.primary nonsocial stakeholders. D.secondary nonsocial stakeholders.

Q: Which of the following is the highest virtue, for Aristotle? A. wisdom B. courage C. justice D. generosity

Q: A group of people who holds a direct stake in the firm is known as A.primary social stakeholders. B.secondary social stakeholders. C.primary nonsocial stakeholders. D.secondary nonsocial stakeholders.

Q: Sound judgment involves all except which of the following? A. a well-developed moral sense B. experience C. moral luck D. careful deliberation

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Which of the three bottom lines encompassed by the Triple Bottom Line do you consider most important? Explain your answer.

Q: Which of the following rights involves the punishment due a law-breaker or evildoer? A. distributive justice B. retributive justice C. commutative justice D. procedural justice

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Are the awards described in the textbook effective ways of promoting the idea of corporate social performance? Why or why not?

Q: Which of the following are strictly legal rights? A. negative rights B. positive rights C. civil rights D. special rights

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. The primary argument for corporate social responsibility states that for business to have a healthy climate in which to operate in the future, it must take current action to assure its long-term viability. Is this long-range self-interest argument valid? Does it encompass all that society wants from business?

Q: According to Kant, the third form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following? A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you. C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. The Generous Corporation argues that corporations began their philanthropic activities primarily out of self-interest. By doing so, they are able to keep government from intervening in their business activities and imposing more regulations on them. Assuming that this argument is valid, and the firms' motives are primarily self interested, evaluate whether or not the motives are important. That is, are firms' philanthropic activities less valuable because they are motivated by self interest? Explain your answer.

Q: Which of the following is NOT captured by the notion of autonomy? A. Freedom B. The external imposition of the law. C. The self-imposition of the law. D. The universal acceptability of the moral law.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Distinguish between the concepts of corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsiveness, corporate social performance, and corporate citizenship. How are these ideas different from each other? How are they similar?

Q: According to Kant, the second form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following? A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you. C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Describe socially responsible investing.

Q: According to Kant, the first form of the Categorical Imperative is which of the following? A. Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never as a means only. B. Act only in that way that you would want another to act toward you. C. Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law D. Act only so that the will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Explain the concept of "multiple bottom lines." Why do advocates of this approach prefer it over the traditional method of measuring the firm's financial performance?

Q: According to Kant, all people should be treated in which of the following ways? A. As an end in themselves. B. As a means, if the end is desired. C. As a means to an end. D. As an end as long as the means are considered.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Discuss the criteria used to determine what firms receive the Business Ethics magazine awards. Which do you think is most important? Why?

Q: Which of the following is NOT a condition for an action to be considered a moral action? A. It must take into consideration the particular circumstances. B. It must be amenable to being made consistently universal. C. It must respect rational beings as ends in themselves. D. It must stem from, and respect, the autonomy of rational beings

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. Summarize the argument used to explain why the concept of corporate social responsiveness is an improvement over corporate social responsibility.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. In the 1890s, the Robber Barons began to use their personal wealth and the wealth accumulated by their corporations to enhance the social good. Their philanthropic activities were encouraged, in part, because public opinion was demanding that the government do something to limit their power. Is this type of activity still occurring in the United States? Why or why not?

Q: Which of the following is a formalistic ethical approach? A. The moral law specifies precisely what the right actions must contain. B. The moral law contains both formal elements and content for moral actions. C. The moral law does not state what content an action must have to be a right action. D. The moral law contains only the content of the action that is right.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. One of the arguments against corporate social responsibility is that by requiring more of U.S. corporations, they may be put at a disadvantage relative to foreign competitors. Evaluate this argument.

Q: For someone in the Kantian tradition, to be moral is the same as being which of the following? A. emotional B. free C. obedient D. rational

Q: Which of the following common business practices is roughly analogous to the utility calculus? A. system analysis B. marketing research C. public relations D. cost-benefit analysis