Business Ethics

Q: Although companies have begun to extensively monitor employees' e-mail usage, little disciplinary action has been taken against workers who misuse the Internet.

Q: One of the primary problems associated with electronic commerce has been the proliferation of online scams.

Q: The technology related to the Internet has shifted the burden onto individual employees to monitor their own workplace activities.

Q: People who express concerns about the ethical issues involved in technological advances are generally against the use of technology.

Q: Companies monitor employees' email activities because that is the only way that managers can observe the effects of their subordinates' messages.

Q: One of the main reasons that we have experienced technological harms is that some technologies were implemented without much thought given to possible side effects.

Q: Chief Privacy Officers (CPOs) are now primarily using a narrow, legal-compliance approach to privacy issues.

Q: A business's technological environment represents the total set of technology-based advancements or progress taking place in society.

Q: Technology has benefited society with no associated ill effects.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Throughout the text, theory after theory has been offered. Some would even say that you should just go on your "gut feeling" anyway. With this in mind, what relevance does the common sense test and one's best self ethical tests have in this idea.

Q: Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer. The authors state that more often than not individuals think about a moral situation briefly, and then go with their instincts. Do you agree with this characterization of moral judgment? What evidence can you provide to support your position?

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Explain the concept of corporate transparency. Evaluate its usefulness in creating an ethical climate within an organization.

Q: Zethics Inc. is A.a web-based service for disclosing information about questionable business practices. B.a private hotline. C.have all positive risk. D.a service of disclosing information that has been around a long time.

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. Use current sources to research the status of the business conduct management system proposed by the Ethics Officer Association.

Q: Which of the following is not an element of effective ethics programs? A.compliance standards B.systems for monitoring, auditing, and reporting C.delegation of authority D.enforcement

Q: Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it. The motive behind managers' pressure on subordinates to perform is most likely the emphasis on economic success. Assuming this statement is true, relate this fact to Lawrence Kohlberg's observation that most adults operate at Level 2, the conventional level of moral development. What implications do these facts have for ethical behavior in organizations?

Q: Moral organizations are A.organizations that do not have unethical behaviors within their ranks. B.developed through continuous ethics training. C.fully populated by moral managers making moral decisions. D.more prevalent in the United States than in other countries.

Q: The critical factor in the success of codes of conduct is A.who wrote the document. B.giving employees the chance for feedback before the document is adopted. C.whether or not the codes become "living documents." D.the level of precision in defining what is unacceptable behavior.

Q: An ethics screen is A.a set of select standards against which the proposed action is compared. B.a set of financial criteria which must be met before the proposed action is evaluated ethically. C.a set of investment criteria used by ethical investors. D.a set of ethical standards against which job candidates are evaluated.

Q: Each of the following are characteristics of servant leaders except: A.Persuasion B.Deception C.Stewardship D.Building community

Q: The key to the Golden Rule is A.caring. B.duty. C.justice. D.impartiality.

Q: A growing school of thought argues that ____ should be made part of management training, executive development programs, and business school education. A.Leadership B.Management C.Communication D.Ethics

Q: Unlike other ethical principles, virtue ethics focuses on A.what acts should be done. B.the consequences of our actions. C.human dignity. D.the individual becoming virtuous.

Q: ____ refers to a quality, characteristics, or state in which activities, processes, practices, and decisions in companies become open or visible to the outside world. A.Opacity B.Corporate Transparency C.Deontological D.Utilitarianism

Q: The ethics of care may help managers utilize A.deontological principles. B.the stakeholder perspective. C.utilitarianism. D.the principle of rights.

Q: Being forthright, sincere, and honest in communicating with others is referred to as A.candor. B.transparency. C.feedback. D.criticism.

Q: Which of the following is not a type of justice mentioned in the textbook? A.distributive justice B.compensatory justice C.procedural justice D.utilitarian justice

Q: Being a moral manager involves all of the following activities except A.role modeling. B.communicating about ethics and values. C.delegating effectively. D.using rewards and discipline effectively.

Q: The basic idea that underlies the principle of rights is that A.they must be earned. B.they are granted by the government. C.they cannot be overridden by utility. D.they are universal to all peoples.

Q: Moral rights A.depend on a legal system for their validity. B.are derived from religious teachings. C.are important, justifiable claims. D.are earned as people demonstrate their moral responsibilities.

Q: Kant's categorical imperative emphasizes all of the following concepts except A.respect for persons. B.virtues. C.universalizability. D.duty.

Q: Teleological theories focus on A.duties. B.rights. C.consequences. D.virtues.

Q: Which of the following is not a formulation of Kant's categorical imperative? A.Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. B.So act to treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of any other, in every case as an end and never as merely a means. C.Every rational being is able to regard oneself as a maker of universal law. D.Act only according to that maxim by which you increase the overall happiness of everyone affected by your action.

Q: An ethical concept or rule that helps the decision maker take an ethical course is called a(n) A.ethical principle. B.moral challenge. C.moral dilemma. D.ethical rubric.

Q: Kant's categorical imperative argues that one's sense of duty is derived from A.divine command. B.reason. C.emotion. D.desire.

Q: Decisions about ethical situations often present a(n) A.conflict of interest. B.financial dilemma. C.unresolvable problem. D.legal problem.

Q: The ethical principle that states, "we should always act so as to produce the greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone" is A.deontology. B.virtue ethics. C.utilitarianism. D.hedonism.

Q: Which of the following is the most basic assumption we make in discussing personal and managerial ethics? A.With effort, the "right" answer can be reached. B.The object of ethical principles is to minimize harm done to others. C.The object of ethical principles is to maximize benefits to others and ourselves. D.People want to behave ethically.

Q: Ethical theories that focus on duties are called A.teleological. B.virtue theories. C.principled rights. D.deontological.

Q: Ethical issues at the industry level A.are usually handled by industry trade associations. B.are typically resolved through the legal system. C.can also be related to a specific profession. D.can usually be rectified by individual managers.

Q: Which of the following is not an act of misconduct commonly observed in the workplace? A.misreporting time worked B.discrimination C.sexual harassment D.industrial espionage

Q: Ethical issues at the organizational level A.represent conflicts between two or more companies. B.display conflicts between a person's role as family member and employee. C.are generally more difficult to solve than issues at the personal level. D.confront people in their roles as managers or employees.

Q: The personal level of ethical challenges include situations we face in our personal lives A.at work. B.and in our families. C.outside of the work context. D.and spiritual lives.

Q: The Enron Era brought about a broad range of legal and ethic charges that included all the following except A.securities fraud B.conspiracy to inflate profits C.corrupt corporate cultures D.building company assets

Q: Which of the following is not a level at which ethics may be addressed? A.personal B.industry C.global D.small group

Q: Moral identification and ordering refers to the ability to discern the ambiguity of moral factors.

Q: According to research done by David Callahan, all of the following are reasons why cheating is on the rise except A.bigger rewards for winning. B.declining wages. C.temptation. D.trickle-down corruption.

Q: Ethical egoism is based on the idea that the individual should seek to minimize self-interests.

Q: Ethics audits are designed to uncover acts that violate the firm's code of conduct.

Q: The postconventional level of moral development is the most common level for adults over 50 years of age.

Q: In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development, the individual's primary concern is for others.

Q: Amoral management relies primarily on a compliance strategy that focuses on obedience to the law.

Q: Researchers have found that many business people go through life thinking that they are objective.

Q: Virtually all companies that exhibit moral management have had that outlook since they were founded.

Q: Moral management stresses profitability over other stakeholder concerns.

Q: Immoral management implies that decision makers know right from wrong, but choose to do wrong.

Q: The forces that most often come into conflict with ethics in a business setting are economic and social.

Q: In making ethical judgments, it is usually easier to reach consensus on individual practical cases than it is to agree on broad principles.

Q: Ethical behavior is generally considered to be on a higher plane than legal behavior.

Q: The best reason to base one's ethics on societal norms is that the norms do not conflict; thus they provide clear guidance to "right" and "wrong."

Q: The major questions related to the conventional approach to business ethics are "Whose norms do we use?" and "What norms are prevailing?"

Q: Normative ethics depends on whether "everyone is doing it" to justify moral decisions and actions.

Q: Descriptive ethics is concerned with studying and describing the morality of a particular group of people.

Q: The public's view of business ethics has always been very high until the recent scandals.

Q: A 2009 Marist College Institute for Public Opinion survey indicated that more than half of Americans believe people use the same ethical standards in business as they do in their personal lives.

Q: A November 2009 Gallop poll revealed that almost 40% of the public thought that business executives had low or very low ethics.

Q: An NBES survey indicated that ethical misconduct at work was up slightly.

Q: Only about half of Americans say that they are worried about the moral compass in corporate America.

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