Q&A Hero

Q: Managers must structure the work environment to support ethical conduct and this includes ensuring that reward systems are aligned with the ethics of the firm.

Q: According to cognitive moral development theory, the actual moral decision is not as important as the reasoning process used to arrive at it.

Q: There are major differences in levels of moral reasoning between men and women.

Q: According to Kohlberg, as individuals move forward through the sequence of stages they are cognitively capable of comprehending all reasoning stages below and above their own.

Q: In Kohlberg's theory, adherence to any principle qualifies as "principled" thinking.

Q: Training, whether in groups, peer to peer, or using DVD to deliver the content, has been shown to be ineffective in helping employees become ethically aware.

Q: Ethical conflict is almost exclusively influenced by individual differences.

Q: Neutral language can be used to make an unethical action seem less problematic.

Q: When describing a situation, the type of language used does not affect moral awareness.

Q: With the advent of technology, fewer people look to others in their social environment for guidance in ethical dilemma situations.

Q: If an individual does not recognize that he or she is facing an ethical dilemma, then ethical judgment is likely not to occur.

Q: You are working with an important vendor who has offered you a "sweet" deal. However, the vendor has made it clear that he wants a decision now and your internal warning system (i.e. your gut) is telling you that this deal might be an ethical dilemma. Using what you have learned from this chapter, briefly describe how you should proceed. Will you answer him now? How will you think about the "dilemma" and respond to the vendor?

Q: Discuss the disclosure rule and the ethical role model rule. When might the disclosure rule be most helpful? When might the role model rule be most helpful?

Q: Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once) a) Deontological approach b) Teleological approach c) Virtue ethics approach A major challenge is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes precedence.

Q: How can you fight ethnocentrism?

Q: According to the Global Codex, the Transparency Principle advocates doing business in a truthful manner. a. True b. False

Q: Future orientation describes cultures that emphasize planning and investing. (a) a. True b. False

Q: Members of masculine cultures are more sensitive to the presence of ethical issues. a. True b. False

Q: Feminine/low power distance/low uncertainty avoidance cultures are generally more corrupt. a. True b. False

Q: Organizations in collectivist societies are more likely to hire based on family connections and friendships. a. True b. False

Q: According to the Caux principles, nonprofits (NGOs) have to be MOST concerned about integrity. a. True b. False

Q: In this stage of issue maturity, only activist communities are aware of the problem. a. Emerging b. Latent c. Institutionalized d. Consolidating

Q: The self-reflexive person can step back from her/his culture to offer constructive criticism a. True b. False

Q: In addition to measuring financial performance, the triple bottom line measures ________ and ___________ responsibilities. a. civic, future b. social, spiritual c. social, environmental d. environmental, sustainability

Q: The term "distant needy" describes the less privileged in developing nations. a. True b. False

Q: In ____________ theory, the manager's primary ethical obligation is to shareholders. a. Stakeholder b. Agency c. Wealth d. Reciprocity

Q: Copyright laws are more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies. a. True b. False

Q: Giving back to the community takes place at which level of the CSR Pyramid? a. Legal b. Ethical c. Philanthropic d. Economic

Q: Most cultures put a strong emphasis on the moral foundations of reducing harm and promoting autonomy. a. True b. False

Q: According to agency theory a. A corporation's primary responsibility is to its shareholders b. Corporations need to pay attention to all groups impacted by their operation c. Outside groups need to be treated fairly d. Outside groups are worthy of respect

Q: A business that sponsors of teams of volunteers is fulfilling which level of business responsibilities? a. Economic b. Philanthropic c. Legal d. Ethical

Q: A(n) _____________ outlines an organization's reason for being.

Q: Which is the foundational (first) level of business responsibilities according to the CSR Pyramid? a. Legal b. Ethical c. Philanthropic d. Economic

Q: Which of the following is a primary stakeholder for a bank? a. National banking association b. Neighboring businesses c. Local television station d. Bank customers

Q: An organizational story consists of a narrative and its ________________________.

Q: ___________ are widely accepted standards of behavior that reveal how an organization "really works."

Q: All of the following are components of organizational citizenship EXCEPT: a. Stakeholder focus b. Overcoming the competition c. Sustainability d. Corporate social responsibility

Q: It is an increasing trend that organizations should be evaluated on the ____________, that is also known as profit, people, and the planet. a. The triple bottom line b. The 3 P's of business c. Annual corporate social responsibility reports d. All of the above

Q: ____________ is the central identity or character of an organization.

Q: Which is the MOST effective mission statement? a."To become the most profitable bank in the world." b."To grow profits by 2% each quarter." c."To put our competition out of business." d. "To serve local families."

Q: What does it mean to act on behalf of others while seeking to serve the needs of others and the organization over selfish concerns? a. Organizational citizenship b. Relationship c. Stewardship d. Affiliation

Q: Which cultural element gives you the best idea of how an organization "really works"? a. Codes of ethics b. Stories c. Organizational histories d. None of the above

Q: Corporate board members must make a diligent effort when making decisions. This is called the a. Duty of loyalty b. Duty of independence c. Duty of care d. Duty of commitment

Q: Which of the following accounts for the poor performance of many corporate boards? a. Members serve on too many boards b. CEOS serve on each others' boards c. Members who disagree are pressured by other board members d. All of the above

Q: When faced with ethical choices, members of the Main Street law firm look for guidance to state statutes as well as guidelines set forth by the state bar association. Main Street has which type of ethical climate? a. Caring b. Law and code c. Rules d. Independence

Q: All of the following are characteristic of effective ethics training EXCEPT: a. Integrated into the entire curriculum b. Presented in a lecture format c. Taps into the experiences of participants d. Focuses on ethical problems unique to the organization

Q: Climate analysis is an example of which ethical driver? a. Target socialization processes b. Ethics training c. Ethical diagnosis d. Engaged leadership

Q: _____________ outline an organization's reason for being. a. Core values b. Mission statements c. Codes of ethics d. Corporate policies

Q: Which ethical driver lays the foundation for any ethical change effort? a. Ethical diagnosis b. Engaged leadership c. Ethics training d. Targeted socialization processes

Q: A strong culture in which norms and values are very different from the rest of society is referred to as a: a. Social womb b. Deviant subculture c. Social cocoon d. None of the above

Q: Budgeting is a form of which type of organizational change mechanism? a. Attention b. Rewards c. Resource allocation d. Reactions to critical incidents

Q: Which of the following is a true statement about codes of ethics? a. Guarantee moral improvement b. Have no relationship with an organization's ethical performance c. Should be part of every organization's ethical culture d. All of the above

Q: According to the Ethical Climate Questionnaire, which type of climate is MOST likely to encourage immoral behavior? a. Rules b. Law and code c. Independence d. Instrumental

Q: Which type of ritual is designed to strengthen and improve the current system? a. Rite of enhancement b. Rite of renewal c. Rite of conflict resolution d. Rite of degradation

Q: An organization's core ideology is made up of a. The business plan and marketing strategy b. ore values and long-range objectives c. Core values and purpose/mission d. Code of ethics and code of conduct

Q: Followers pick up on ethical priorities through what leaders measure and control. This is which cultural change mechanism? a. Reactions to critical incidents b. Role modeling c. Selection d. Attention

Q: ______________ describes how employees gradually move up the ladder of corruption during the socialization process. a. Co-option b. Incrementalism c. Compromise d. Escalation

Q: Erika knows the right thing to do by watching her leader Ellen. Ellen is shaping the organization's ethical culture through a. Rites of passage b. Selection c. Attention d. Role modeling

Q: We form impressions about possible careers during which stage of the socialization process? a. Encounter b. Organizational anticipatory socialization c. Vocational anticipatory socialization d. Metamorphosis

Q: Which type of ritual has manifest (obvious) ethical functions? a. Rites of passage b. Rites of renewal c. Rites of conflict reduction d. Rites of integration

Q: Which statement best describes "socialization"? a. A person trying to talk with all of their colleagues b. The process of being a group member c. The process of finding your way to get hired for an ethical organization d. The process an unethical person goes through to become ethical

Q: Which of the following terms refers to the sense of normlessness and unease that results when rules lose their force. a. Powerlessness b. Drifting c. Despair d. Anomie

Q: If Emma wanted to change some of the ethical cultural climate around her office, what is a way she could provide ethical leadership? a. Pay attention to her ethical priorities and act on it b. Role model ethical behavior c. Reallocate funds and resources toward desired ethical standards d. All of the above

Q: Tim knew his office culture well. The phrase "Customers first" was frequently used in conversations and people were described as "partners." Which informal element of ethics is described above? a. Language b. Norms c. Rituals d. Stories

Q: Which best describes a mission statement's purpose? a. Communicates the central identity and purpose of an organization b. Communicates core values to inform organizational decision-making c. Reflects the ideals of its members d. All of the above

Q: Which is NOT a characteristic of an ethically transformed organization? a. Reacts to destructive behavior b. Exceeds legal requirements c. Swiftly punishes misbehavior d. Seeks to prevent destructive behaviors

Q: Which is NOT an element of informal ethics? a. Boards of directors b. Language c. Stories d. Rituals

Q: Name and describe the five types of follower courage.

Q: Which is NOT a formal element of ethics culture for an organization? a. Core values b. Ethics officers c. Norms d. Structure

Q: What three factors should whistle-blowers consider before going public with their concerns?

Q: At Carol's company, employees routinely talk about the ethical consequences of their decisions. This suggests that Carol is working for which kind of organization? a. Ethically decoupled b. Ethically transformed c. Missional d. Insular

Q: Identify and explain the components of psychological ownership.

Q: Which is NOT a characteristic of ethically decoupled organizations? a. Invest little in building a positive ethical climate b. Exhibit low-level moral reasoning c. Show high concern for the organization d. Give power away

Q: Name and explain the five behavior patterns of exemplary leaders. Identify the five strategies that can keep you from becoming a toxic follower.

Q: Contrast managing up with leading up.

Q: Explain the difference between conforming and colluding followers

Q: Colluding followers feel forced to engage in unethical activities by their leaders. a. True b. False

Q: Why is cynicism damaging to followers and their organizations?

Q: Dependency encourages us to follow toxic leaders. a. True b. False

Q: Whenever possible, let individuals self-select themselves for leadership positions. a. True b. False