Q&A Hero

Business Ethics

Q: Media ethics codes say little about values, because they are more focused on loyalties.
Q: The United Nations tried, but failed to define a set of core universal values because it was impossible to reach agreement.
Q: Social scientists agree that moral values cannot be measured.
Q: A moral dilemma exists when values conflict.
Q: The term value comes from the Latin, meaning to be of worth.
Q: It is correct to say that we value something, and that something has value.
Q: Values can be both moral and non-moral in nature.
Q: The _______________ theory of truth holds that truth is based on objective reality.
Q: What are the key sets of values that emerge from mass media codes of ethics?
Q: Describe the difference between “terminal” values and “instrumental” values, as defined by Milton Rokeach.
Q: Most mass communication codes of ethics focus greatly on values that Schwartz says are tied to: A. Self-directionB. TraditionC. BenevolenceD. PowerE. Achievement
Q: Schwartz and Bilsky said that values ultimately emerge as we resolve conflicts between both of these EXCEPT: A. being open to change/opportunity vs. holding on to the status quo.B. being open to transparency vs. holding on to secrecy.C. being motivated by self-interest vs. motivated by the interests of others.
Q: Rokeach’s list of instrumental values would include all of these EXCEPT: A. salvation.B. broadmindedness.C. logic.D. politeness.E. cleanliness.
Q: Rokeach’s list of terminal values would include all of these EXCEPT: A. equality.B. wisdom.C. freedom.D. mature love.E. ambition.
Q: A mass communicator’s desire to meet a deadline is an example of: A. a moral value.B. an immoral value.C. a professional value.D. an anti-moral value.E. an amoral value.
Q: A nice place to live, independence, financial security, good health, etc., are examples of: A. moral values.B. immoral values.C. professional values.D. non-moral values.E. amoral values.
Q: Which of these statements is NOT true about values? A. They are things or properties that are worth having.B. They are necessary for, or contribute to, a person’s ability to be, thrive, or well-being.C. They emerge from beliefs, attitudes, and opinions.D. They are the bedrock concepts that guide people, sometimes unknowingly, to their actions.E. can be a noun and a verb.
Q: Traditional news values (such as impact, proximity, etc.) are examples of amoral values.
Q: Protonorms are values that focus on individual cultures, and are different depending upon the culture.
Q: Journalisms focus on objectivity means that news is value-free.
Q: Media ethics codes say little about values, because they are more focused on loyalties.
Q: The United Nations tried, but failed to define a set of core universal values because it was impossible to reach agreement.
Q: Social scientists agree that moral values cannot be measured.
Q: A moral dilemma exists when values conflict.
Q: The term value comes from the Latin, meaning to be of worth.
Q: It is correct to say that we value something, and that something has value.
Q: Values can be both moral and non-moral in nature.
Q: As a mass communicator, the list of whom you may be accountable to includes: A. the audience.B. owners.C. the government.D. yourself.E. all of the above.
Q: News councils are more likely to be used by American media than media in other nations.
Q: Mass communicators who are ethical are always perceived by their audiences as being credible.
Q: The Motion Picture Association of Americas ratings system is an example of message transparency.
Q: Too much transparency in mass communication could lead to lower credibility.
Q: Credibility is what people think about you, not what you really are.
Q: There is little relationship between our level of moral development and to whom we think we owe accountability.
Q: When a person or group seeks to hold a media organization accountable, the media organizations response often is determined by the power held by the party seeking the accountability.
Q: The First Amendment says that the press has a responsibility to be accountable.
Q: The term accountability means to reckon together.
Q: People hired by media (or other) organizations to write about the grounds standards and practices are known by the Swedish term _________________.
Q: Media _____________ Systems are ways mass communicators can be held to justify their messages and methods.
Q: The proper time to think about ethical accountability is _____________ making a decision.
Q: Describe transparency using the Source – Message – Channel – Receiver description of mass communication.
Q: List four reasons and explanations for why accountability may be difficult for mass communicators.
Q: Ethics-based media accountability systems include all of these EXCEPT: A. ombudsmen.B. codes of ethics.C. corrections.D. lawsuits.E. internal standards and practices departments.
Q: Aristotle’s Rhetoric discussed credibility as a function of all of these EXCEPT: A. ethos, or the character of the speaker.B. pathos, or the audience’s frame of mind.C. telos, or the goal of the communication.D. logos, or the proof provided by the words of the speech.
Q: People operating at higher levels of moral development have: A. wider collections of people and groups to whom they feel accountable.B. narrower collections of people and groups to whom they feel accountable.C. less obligation to explain their behavior.D. a utilitarian responsibility to be accountable.E. none of the above.
Q: The term “accountability” has close ties to concepts that include all of these EXCEPT: A. account-giving.B. blameworthiness.C. legal reparations.D. responsibility.
Q: Post hoc moralizing is an ethically legitimate way to justify an ethical decision you have made.
Q: For 1 through 5, match the category of ethical principle with its description. 1. “I believe in doing what my moral heroes and my own virtuous character motivate me to do.”2. “Ibelieve in doing whatever brings about the best results for the most people.”3. “I believe in caring about everyone, and I hope they care about me.”4. “I believe that right is right and wrong is wrong; and I should always do my moral duty.”5. “I believe the playing field should be level, and that everyone should be treated fairly.” A. Moral reciprocity/feminist theoryB. JusticeC. DeontologyD. VirtueE. Teleology
Q: The Golden Rule is, at its heart, a call for moral empathy.
Q: Carol Gilligans theory of ethics suggests that mass communicators should talk with their audiences, not talk at them.
Q: Ethics of care approaches can be used to justify media stereotypes.
Q: Use of the veil of ignorance might lead mass communicators to consider stakeholders they might not otherwise consider.
Q: One feminist criticism of John Rawls ethical approach is that its focus on justice ignores the ethics of care.
Q: Mentions of justice are mentioned in public relations codes of ethics more than in journalism codes of ethics.
Q: John Rawls theory of justice relies heavily on Immanuel Kants ethical theories.
Q: The original position in the veil of ignorance requires a person to decide whether a persons original ethical decision is the correct one.
Q: One problem with virtue-based ethics is that you can do the right thing for the wrong reason.
Q: Aristotle said that anyone could become a fully developed person of virtue.
Q: The Golden Rule is an example of moral reciprocity.
Q: Versions of __________ ____________, which focuses on reciprocity, can be found in most cultures and religions.
Q: The veil of ignorance approach to doing ethics is focused on _________.
Q: The notion that we should be good, and not just do good, is an example of _____________ ethics espoused by Aristotle.
Q: How would a person using principles of virtue make ethical decisions in a mass media discipline? Provide an example of a decision and discuss the principles and considerations that would be key for a virtue ethicist.
Q: Describe an application of the “veil of ignorance” to solve a moral dilemma in your mass media discipline.
Q: Terms such as “arête” and “eudaimonia” are connected to: A. deontological ethics.B. virtue ethics.C. ethics of care.D. the “veil of ignorance” approach to ethics.E. ethics of reciprocity.
Q: The Golden Rule can be best seen as: A. a utilitarian theory, since it focuses on creating the most happiness.B. a deontological theory, since it focuses on creating the most happiness.C. a consistency principle, since it calls us to be fair.D. an ethical justification to punish people who do not follow the rules.E. the easiest way to make ethical decisions.
Q: Ethics of care theory has among its chief considerations: A. justice.B. equality.C. fairness.D. relationships.E. utility.
Q: The “veil of ignorance” approach to doing ethics assumes that people who use it would: A. make an ethical decision that would seek to best protect the weakest stakeholder.B. focus on the way to help the most ignorant stakeholder.C. ask every stakeholder to make an ethical decision.D. never allow anyone to have more “primary goods” than others, because that would be unequal and therefore immoral.E. never do it in real life.
Q: The “veil of ignorance” is used to help a decision maker focus on: A. justice.B. reciprocity.C. duties.D. care.E. finding ethical absolutes.
Q: Virtue ethics is mostly focused on: A. rules.B. making decisions that create the most happiness.C. motivation of the decision maker.D. applying decisions in all situations.E. none of the above.
Q: Aristotle said moral virtue lies at the precise midpoint between deficiency and excess.
Q: William David Ross considered all of the following EXCEPT: A. What does it mean to be a good person?B. What makes right acts right?C. Which acts are right in one society that are immoral in another?
Q: Immanuel Kant supplied a ranking ordering of duties that an ethical person should follow.
Q: Immanuel Kants perfect duty, like William David Ross actual duty, is something they claimed that we must always observe in order to be ethical.
Q: Immanuel Kant argued that a categorical imperative should be obeyed only by people in the same category, such as all bosses or all employees.
Q: Bernard Gerts 10 moral rules are focused more on doing good than eliminating evil.
Q: A proper following of deontological ethical principles could lead us to accurately say we did the right thing even if our right action fails to produce a good result.
Q: Applying the ethical theory of William David Ross in our media-related job would require us to have a fairly well-honed level of ethical intuition.
Q: Immanuel Kant insisted that when you make an ethical rule, it should be universalized.
Q: An example of a supererogatory duty is telling the truth to a boss who asks you a work-related question.
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