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Q:
For felony cases, after an indictment or information, the accused individual is brought before the court for _____, where the charges are read and a plea is entered.
A. arraignment
B. conviction
C. voir dire
D. demurrer
Q:
Which of the following best describes treason?
A. It is a rule under which a person cannot be prosecuted twice in the same tribunal for the same criminal offense.
B. It is a highly serious crime such as murder, rape, and robbery.
C. It is the special situation in which one levies war against the United States or gives aid and comfort to its enemies.
D. It is the method of bringing charges before a grand jury of citizens to determine whether the charges have sufficient merit to justify a trial.
Q:
In the context of the federal court system, virtually all parties seeking Supreme Court review must petition the Court for a _____, which commands the lower court to forward the trial records to the Court.
A. writ of mandamus
B. writ of attachment
C. writ of elegit
D. writ of certiorari
Q:
Which of the following forms of jurisdiction imposes bounds on the classes of cases a court may hear?
A. In personam jurisdiction
B. In rem jurisdiction
C. Subject-matter jurisdiction
D. Franchise jurisdiction
Q:
To receive a courts attention, a litigant must demonstrate _____. That is, the person must show that her or his interest in the outcome of the controversy is sufficiently direct and substantial as to justify the courts consideration.
A. standing to sue
B. voir dire
C. double jeopardy
D. in rem action
Q:
In a civil trial process, a civil action begins when a plaintiff files his or her first pleading, which is labeled a _____.
A. motion to dismiss
B. motion for summary judgment
C. demurrer
D. complaint
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about public law?
A. Contracts are a traditional business law topic in the public law category.
B. Constitutional, criminal, and administrative law fall in the public law category.
C. It regulates the legal relationship among individuals.
D. It treats agency as a chief business law topic.
Q:
Identify the category of law that deals with the relationship between government and the citizens.
A. Public law
B. Administrative law
C. Constitutional law
D. Private law
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the doctrine of stare decisis?
A. It makes the law unstable and unpredictable.
B. It expects judges to mandatorily follow precedent while making decisions.
C. It offers the wisdom of the past and enhances efficiency.
D. It mandates that every case be resolved as though it were the first of its kind.
Q:
Identify the true statement about felonies.
A. They include crimes such as petty theft and disorderly conduct.
B. They are typically punishable by fine or by imprisonment for no more than one year.
C. They are special situations in which one levies war against the United States or gives aid and comfort to its enemies.
D. They are typically punishable by death or by imprisonment in a federal or state penitentiary for more than one year.
Q:
_____ is an element of crime that refers to evil intent.
A. Mens rea
B. Actus reus
C. Stare decisis
D. In rem action
Q:
For felony cases, the criminal procedure begins with the prosecuting officials either filing an information or seeking a(n) _____ by bringing their charges before a grand jury of citizens to determine whether the charges have sufficient merit to justify a trial.
A. arraignment
B. indictment
C. appeal
D. demurrer
Q:
_____, one of the primary sources of U.S. law, prescribe the general structure of governments and provide protection for individual rights.
A. Cases
B. Regulations
C. Statutes
D. Constitutions
Q:
In the context of case briefs, _____ refers to noting the central question or questions on which a case turns.
A. issue
B. holding
C. reasoning
D. procedure
Q:
Which of the following statements accurately describes substantive laws?
A. They create, define, and regulate legal rights and obligations.
B. They include the judicial system and the rules by which it operates.
C. They encompass questions of where to hear a case, what evidence to admit, and which decisions can be appealed.
D. They embrace the systems and methods available to enforce the rights specified in procedural law.
Q:
Which of the following categories of law regulates the legal relationship among individuals?
A. Public law
B. Administrative law
C. Constitutional law
D. Private law
Q:
Generally, after a judgment is rendered, the appeals court tries a case again and hears new evidence.
Q:
In the context of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), arbitration is procedurally less formal than mediation but more formal than court adjudication.
Q:
Mini-trials are voluntary and nonbinding.
Q:
Alternative dispute resolutionparticularly arbitrationis often the required dispute resolution mechanism for employee complaints such as discrimination or harassment.
Q:
An arbitrators decision ordinarily is legally binding and final.
Q:
According to Frederich von Hayek, law that secures _____ rights in modern society is a prerequisite to private enterprise.
A. personal
B. property
C. private
D. perpetual
Q:
Felonies are less serious crimes, such as petty theft, disorderly conduct, and traffic offenses.
Q:
Supreme Court justices are appointed by the Senate.
Q:
Jurisdiction refers to a courts power and authority to hear a dispute.
Q:
Federal question jurisdiction requires an amount in controversy exceeding $75,000.
Q:
A mere interest in the problem at hand is sufficient to grant standing to sue.
Q:
In the context of the civil trial process, a counterclaim is the defendants assertion of a claim of action against a codefendant.
Q:
In a motion for a judgment on the pleadings, either party simply asks the judge to reach a decision based on the information in the pleadings.
Q:
Appellate opinions are generally published in volumes called reporters.
Q:
Civil law involves wrongs against the general welfare as formulated in specific criminal statutes.
Q:
Substantive laws include the judicial system and the rules by which it operates.
Q:
Compare, from a corporate social responsibility point of view, the corporate policies of Walmart and Costco.
Q:
A reliable legal system is crucial in fostering and maintaining capitalism.
Q:
Statutes are the supreme expressions of law at both the federal and state levels of government.
Q:
The U.S. law is derived from three primary sources: constitutions, statutes, and regulations.
Q:
Explain how globalization has brought new challenges, particularly for the wealthy, powerful Western garment manufacturers who profit from cheap labor in less developed countries.
Q:
The power of the business community has become so encompassing that virtually all dimensions of American life have absorbed elements of the business ethic. Explain.
Q:
Give a brief account of the corporate social responsibility practice in the American way of life.
Q:
Why is there a growing need to move beyond corporate social responsibility (CSR) to a business model labeled creating shared value (CSV)?
Q:
Briefly explain the social responsibility continuum for businesses in America.
Q:
Briefly explain the basic premise of the Social Responsibility Pyramid developed by Professor A. Carroll.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of a company that adopts the stakeholder approach?
A. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, shareholders are the only stakeholders.
B. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, profit depends on the interplay between the corporation, government, and society.
C. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, profit maximization and earning short-term profits are the primary goals.
D. For a company adopting the stakeholder approach, the only concern is to fulfill the categories of economic and legal responsibilities of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid.
Q:
Which of the following is the first global standard which measures companies social and environmental records?
A. The North American Free Trade Agreement
B. The Social Accountability 8000
C. The International Organization of Standardization 9000
D. The Environmental Auditing Standards
Q:
Discuss political action committees (PACs) in the context of corporations.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the triple bottom-line approach?
A. The only responsible and moral course of behavior is to reap the highest return possible, within the law.
B. Financial success is necessary, but social and environmental responsibilities are of equal importance, and corporations paying attention to those social and economic duties will contribute to both organizational and societal sustainability.
C. The goal of business is to ensure the short-term viability of an organizations plans as organizational priorities change with time.
D. Businesses have only one social responsibilityto use their resources and engage in activities designed to increase their profits, so long as they stay within the rules of the game, which is to say, engage in open and free competition, without deception or fraud.
Q:
Digi V, an electronics company, focuses on striking a balance between its profits and its responsibility toward the environment. It uses biodegradable substances to manufacture its products and has over the years attracted many loyal customers who are concerned about the environment. The strategy used by Digi V is an example of the:
A. profit maximization approach.
B. monopolistic approach.
C. triple bottom-line approach.
D. shareholder approach.
Q:
Which of the following best defines the stakeholders of a corporation?
A. All those who stand to gain from the corporations success
B. All those who have invested financially in the corporations activities
C. All the groups that may significantly affect the corporations performance or be affected by it
D. All those whose livelihood depends directly on the corporation itself
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. A companys primary responsibility involves engagement in philanthropic endeavors.
B. A firm's economic responsibilities should be limited to breaking even, and all profit should be invested in the community.
C. A companys social responsibility begins with making a profit lawfully.
D. A socially responsible firm would focus primarily on its discretionary and ethical responsibilities and would minimize its focus on economic gain.
Q:
An organization that contributes resources to the community and strives to improve the quality of life for the community is most likely fulfilling the discretionary _____ of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid.
A. ethical responsibilities
B. legal responsibilities
C. philanthropic responsibilities
D. economic responsibilities
Q:
From a profit maximization point of view, the only responsible and moral course of behavior is to:
A. create shared value.
B. use a portion of profits for social benefits.
C. reap the highest return possible.
D. maximize the interests of all stakeholders and not only the shareholders.
Q:
A firm that adopts the triple bottom-line approach:
A. does not follow market principles in its business processes.
B. believes there is only one social responsibility of businessto use its resources to engage in activities designed to increase its profits.
C. focuses on the legal and economic responsibilities of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid and does not consider discretionary responsibilities.
D. considers its social and environmental responsibilities as important as its financial responsibilities.
Q:
According to the free market view, which of the following is considered the best measure of social responsibility?
A. Profit maximization
B. Long-term company interest
C. Triple bottom line/sustainability
D. Social and environmental performance
Q:
Which of the following falls under the desired category of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. Philanthropic responsibilities
B. Economic responsibilities
C. Legal responsibilities
D. Ethical responsibilities
Q:
Which of the following is a view professed by Nobel prizewinning economist Milton Friedman?
A. Socially responsible behavior, within reasonable bounds, is simply the right thing to do.
B. A strong bottom line, in many cases, requires considerations beyond the immediate, short-run, profit-maximizing interests of a firm.
C. Any dilution of the profit-maximizing modesuch as charitable contributionsis a misuse of the stockholders resources.
D. In the environmental domain, sustainability will require attention to energy efficiency, waste minimization, recycling, and the total ecological agenda.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of shared value advocates?
A. They believe that an entrepreneurial, profit-seeking, and capitalist approach is the most beneficial way to correct social problems.
B. They expect businesses to recognize that their goal must be creating shared value rather than profit per se.
C. They believe that nonprofit organizations are the most powerful institutions for creating shared value among the members of the society.
D. They expect businesses to focus on maximization of profit and to propagate the shared values of the immediate shareholders.
Q:
Which of the following falls under the expected category of Carrolls Social Responsibility Pyramid?
A. Philanthropic responsibilities
B. Economic responsibilities
C. Legal responsibilities
D. Ethical responsibilities
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of large American corporations?
A. Large corporations have served public interest well.
B. The colossal size of corporations permits continuing abuse of the American public.
C. Large corporations have ceased to be the fixture of American landscape.
D. The colossal size of corporations has helped in bringing down the existing cutthroat competition.
Q:
According to critics, which of the following is the impact of an economic structure that is concentrated?
A. Companies and industries are no longer fully responsive to market commands.
B. The government has been able to regulate powerful companies without much trouble.
C. Concentrated structure has helped in increasing meaningful competitiveness in the American market.
D. There has been a significant decrease in complaints about the corporate role in pollution.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about advertising in schools?
A. It is likely to discourage critical thinking.
B. It is likely to discourage materialism.
C. It is likely to celebrate reliable values.
D. It is likely to advocate criminal behavior.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the historical view of business responsibilities till the first half of the twentieth century?
A. Businesses had to assume the affirmative duty of the resolution of social problems.
B. Businesses were expected to give close accounting attention to their social and environmental performance as well as financial performance.
C. The duty of businesses was the production and distribution of the best products and services at the lowest possible prices.
D. The primary duty of businesses was operation with a focus on environmentally sensitive practices to husband scarce resources.
Q:
Which of the following is an argument put forth by the liberal wing of the Supreme Court in the Citizens United case?
A. Treating corporations as people in case of political contributions would allow these organizations to further corrupt the political processes.
B. Limiting corporate campaign contributions would violate corporate free speech rights.
C. The growing influence of the business community would saturate and dominate all corners of American life.
D. By outsourcing of good, high-paid factory jobs from the United States, corporations are fundamentally challenging and changing life in the home country.
Q:
The 501(c)4 groups are particularly attractive because:
A. contributors names need not be disclosed.
B. the names of Super PAC donors need not be disclosed.
C. these organizations cannot make political contributions in support of their goals.
D. contributions collected by these groups do not have to be spent on political advertising.
Q:
Free markets are more efficient decision makers than government rules. Which of the following is a result of the efficient decisions made by free markets?
A. National boundaries are becoming stronger.
B. Technology is shrinking the globe.
C. Financial assets have stopped flowing freely.
D. The standards of living of less developed countries have decreased.
Q:
Which of the following is a highly controversial 54 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 2010 Citizens United case?
A. It allowed corporations to coordinate organizational fund spending with parties or candidates.
B. It held that limiting organizational funds for candidates standing for elections is unlawful.
C. It allowed corporations to lawfully donate corporate funds to parties.
D. It held that limiting corporate campaign contributions violated corporate free speech rights.
Q:
Which of the following is an impact of the Supreme Courts highly controversial 54 ruling in the 2010 Citizens United case?
A. The decision has restricted corporations and labor unions from spending unlimited organizational funds for candidates.
B. The decision has permitted corporations and labor unions to coordinate organizational fund spending with parties or candidates.
C. The decision has recognized political spending as a direct acceptance of liberty guaranteed by the First Amendment.
D. The decision has opened the door to gushers of personal and corporate money funneled through Independent Expenditure political action committees.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of political action committees (PACs)?
A. PACs can only contribute to national elections, and not state elections.
B. Corporations cannot solicit contributions from employees and shareholders.
C. The money disbursed by PACs is part of the general corporate accounts.
D. PACs are only supposed to collect voluntary contributions.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of corporate funds?
A. Although political action committees contributions are voluntary, corporate employees often feel pressured to participate.
B. Corporations cannot solicit contributions from employees, shareholders, and others.
C. Corporations cannot lawfully establish political action committees to solicit and disburse voluntary campaign contributions.
D. Corporate funds can lawfully be given directly to candidates for federal office.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of lobbying in the United States?
A. It is illegal for lobbyists to approach politicians.
B. It is confined to the business community.
C. It has a negligible effect on political decisions.
D. It is an essential ingredient in big business strategy.
Q:
Social Accountability Accreditation Services accredits companies that meet the Social Accountability 8000 standards in the area of child labor.
Q:
According to stakeholder advocates, simply maximizing the interests of the primary stakeholders of a corporation, would satisfy a corporations social duties.
Q:
An alternative and arguably more progressive approach to stakeholders involves a collaborative strategy in which stakeholder relationships are regarded as being mutually defined, cooperative, and reciprocal.
Q:
Which of the following is likely to be a result if the corporate community takes an increasingly direct role in the political process?
A. The process of globalization will be adversely affected.
B. The law-making and implementing process will be strengthened.
C. The pluralist, democratic approach to governance will be undermined.
D. The corruption levels will decrease.
Q:
According to Milton Friedman, the firm that maximizes its profits is not necessarily maximizing its contribution to the society.
Q:
Pushing managers to adopt a bigger and broader conception of social responsibility will reduce the chances of establishing a sustainable, enduring global community where resources are not dangerously depleted or damaged.
Q:
Triple bottom-line advocates call for managerial practices that respect and measure a firm's social and environmental performance just as the firms financial performance is respected and measured.
Q:
The primary goal of the triple bottom-line approach is to ensure the maximum short-term viability of an organization.
Q:
The perception of business misdeeds or indifference, in conjunction with the growing influence of business values throughout American life, has led in recent decades to the development of the doctrine of corporate social responsibility.
Q:
Social enterprise is a movement in which people launch for profits programs, addressing social problems.
Q:
Labor unions can lawfully establish political action committees to solicit and disburse voluntary campaign contributions.