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Q:
Business was largely exempt from any affirmative duty for the resolution of social problems until the 1950s when business scholars and critics began to encourage a broader conception of corporate duty.
Q:
Labor unions can lawfully establish political action committees to solicit and disburse voluntary campaign contributions.
Q:
Corporate funds can lawfully be given directly to candidates for federal office.
Q:
The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 was part of the most comprehensive lobbying and ethics reform effort in the federal government in many years.
Q:
The outsourcing of good, high-paid factory jobs from the United States to less developed nations has fundamentally challenged and changed life in the country.
Q:
Churches are strictly against employing standard business practices such as advertising, promotional giveaways, and marketing campaigns.
Q:
Describe some of the factors that encourage unethical behavior in the workplace.
Q:
Identify the major provisions of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Q:
Explain in brief the federal sentencing guidelines issued by the U.S. Sentencing Commission.
Q:
What is a major criticism of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
Q:
The business community in America cannot influence the electoral and law-making processes.
Q:
Differentiate between teleology and deontology. Give an example of each.
Q:
Explain in detail the alternative theory of morality that involves decision making by emotion or intuition.
Q:
Explain the basis of Carol Gilligans criticism on Kohlbergs views on moral development.
Q:
Wright Corp., an American firm, is establishing an office in Africa with Mary as the manager. After two months of endless efforts, Mary is informed that in order to get utilities for its African branch, she must give some money to the government-based electric company agent as an encouragement, just as all the other businesses have done. Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which of the following statements about the payment is true?
A. The payment is illegal since it is a bribe to a foreign government official.
B. The payment is legal as long as all other businesses do the same thing.
C. The payment is legal since that is the only way she can get utilities.
D. The payment is legal since it is merely grease money to expedite routine action.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
A. It requires all publicly traded companies to voluntarily develop ethics codes.
B. It ordinarily permits a small gift or token of esteem or gratitude.
C. It establishes an independent board to oversee the accounting profession.
D. It defines a code of ethics as written standards that are reasonably designed to deter wrongdoing.
Q:
Which of the following is a risk associated with the outcome of whistle blowing?
A. Poor legal protection
B. Instigation of benchmarking
C. Liquidation of the companys assets
D. Fear of retribution
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the False Claims Act?
A. It creates new crimes and raises penalties to as much as 25 years of imprisonment along with heavy fines.
B. It forbids fraud in government contracts and rewards those who help stop fraud.
C. It requires publicly traded companies to establish internal control systems designed to assure the accuracy of financial information.
D. It requires publicly traded companies to disclose whether they have adopted an ethics code for senior financial management, and if not, why they have not done so.
Q:
Which among the following acts expressly forbids discharge, demotion, and other forms of retribution against securities law whistle-blowers?
A. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
C. The Trust Indenture Act
D. The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act
Q:
Which of the following is a decisive argument in the criticism put forth by Carol Gilligan against Kohlbergs proposition on moral development?
A. Kohlbergs initial experimental subjects were limited to young females.
B. Conceptions on morality are substantially based on gender.
C. Moral judgment evolves primarily as a function of age.
D. Moral judgment improves as a function of education.
Q:
Of the six universal stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg, which of the following traits is a manager most likely to display if he were at stage three of the conventional level?
A. Obey rules to avoid punishment.
B. Conform to secure rewards.
C. Adhere to stereotypical images.
D. Follow rules only if it is in his or her own interest.
Q:
Which of the following is a commonly shared perspective on moral decision making by both Kohlberg and Gilligan?
A. Moral decision making may be the product of a dual process system employing both automatic emotions and controlled reasoning.
B. Moral decision making is an automatic, nonreflective process.
C. Moral decision making is the controlled product of analysis, deliberation, and experience.
D. Moral decision making is a result of rapid judgments about right and wrong based on unconscious processes that are involuntary and universal.
Q:
In the context of corporate or white-collar crime, which of the following statements is true of sentencing?
A. Companies involved in crimes do not receive reduced penalties even if they have effective compliance programs in place.
B. Federal sentencing guidelines are issued by the Uniform Commercial Code.
C. Departures from federal sentencing guidelines are not permissible for any form of cases.
D. Responsibility for compliance rests explicitly with the board of directors and top-level executives.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
A. It establishes an independent board to oversee the accounting profession.
B. It establishes a universal, formalist rule forbidding layoffs of all competent employees.
C. It was enacted to reward those who help stop fraud involving government contracts.
D. It was enacted in response to disclosure of widespread bribery by American firms.
Q:
Identify the correct statement regarding Immanuel Kants categorical imperative.
A. It believes that standards of conduct can be objectively discovered.
B. It states that ones goal is to identify the consequences of a particular act to determine whether it is right or wrong.
C. It is based on the idea that a decision that maximizes the ratio of good over evil for all those concerned is the ethical course.
D. It is the notion that every person should act on only those principles that he, as a rational person, would prescribe as universal laws to be applied to the whole of humankind.
Q:
Jenny is the CEO of a company that has been affected by an economic meltdown. She realizes that the only way for her company to remain in business during the period of recession is to cut costs drastically. She believes it would be better if all employees took a 10 percent pay cut instead of laying off 10 percent of the workers. She feels this is the correct decision as it would benefit the company and all the employees. Her approach is primarily influenced by the _____ ethical system.
A. rule-utilitarian
B. libertarian
C. deontological
D. formalist
Q:
Which of the following is identified as the postconventional level of the six universal stages of moral development?
A. Conforming to meet the expectations of others
B. Doing right, obeying the law, and upholding social order
C. Following self-chosen universal ethical principles
D. Following rules only if it is in your own self-interest but letting others do the same
Q:
Which of the following universal stages is grouped under the conventional level?
A. Adhering to stereotypical images
B. Obeying rules to avoid punishment
C. Following self-chosen universal ethical principles
D. Conforming to secure rewards
Q:
Which of the following statements symbolizes the idea of a feminine voice in view of morality?
A. Women give high priority to rights when making a decision.
B. Women approach morality as a function of justice and impartiality.
C. Women consider relationships and the needs of others.
D. Women give the highest priority to their own self-interests while making decisions.
Q:
If Kohlberg was correct, a consequence of adults not passing beyond level 2, that is, following rules only if it is in their own interest but letting others do the same and conforming to secure rewards, of the six universal stages is that:
A. managers may behave unethically since they havent achieved moral maturity.
B. an individual is able to reach independent moral judgments that may or may not conform with conventional societal wisdom.
C. a managers decision would be based on independently defined universal principles of justice.
D. an individual may take an impersonal view on morality as against a voice that rises from relationships and concern for the needs of others.
Q:
Teleological ethical systems are often referred to as _____.
A. formalist ethical systems
B. existentialist ethical systems
C. deontologist ethical systems
D. consequentialist ethical systems
Q:
A father may be morally committed to saving his son from a burning building rather than saving another person who might do more total good for society. The action of the father would be primarily dictated by the _____ ethical system.
A. teleological
B. deontological
C. utilitarian
D. consequentialist
Q:
The principle that is most likely to be followed by a utilitarian is:
A. the vision of ethics measured by the rightness of rules.
B. that what is right for one is right for all.
C. the greatest good for the greatest number.
D. that moral worth springs from ones decision to discharge ones duty.
Q:
Which of the following statements describes the formalistic view of ethics?
A. A decision that maximizes the ratio of good over evil for all those concerned is the ethical course.
B. The rightness of an act depends little on the results of the act.
C. The moral person renders ethical decisions based on the consequences of the decision.
D. The moral person may be forced to shun a particular act that would result in greater immediate good.
Q:
Which of the following ethical theories takes essentially a free market view of ethics?
A. Moral absolutism
B. Deontology
C. Virtue ethics
D. Libertarianism
Q:
Virtue ethics focuses on the classic notion that the key to good ethics lies in a persons _____.
A. character
B. responsibilities
C. rights
D. rules
Q:
Which of the following provides the foundation for a moral life built on religion?
A. Intuition
B. Reason
C. Faith
D. Secular knowledge
Q:
Which of the following is involved in a teleological view of life?
A. Obligations
B. Principles
C. Duties
D. Ends
Q:
A(n) _____ ethical system emphasizes the consequences of an act.
A. deontological
B. teleological
C. existential
D. libertarian
Q:
A(n) _____ believes principle is primary and consequence is secondary or even irrelevant.
A. deontologist
B. situationalist
C. teleologist
D. existentialist
Q:
A(n) _____ believes that good must be weighed against evil in reaching an ethical decision.
A. deontologist
B. libertarian
C. utilitarian
D. existentialist
Q:
In all nations, the payment of bribes is considered as an unlawful way of doing business.
Q:
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) requires rigorous internal accounting controls and careful recordkeeping to ensure that bribes cannot be concealed via slush funds and other devices.
Q:
Among its major provisions, the False Claims Act raises penalties for whistle-blowers to as much as 25 years imprisonment along with heavy fines.
Q:
Whistle-blowing appears to be on the rise following the passage of the 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Q:
Which of the following indicates an existentialists belief?
A. An existentialist believes standards of conduct can be objectively discovered.
B. An existentialist believes in strengthening Christian principles in the society.
C. An existentialist believes no actions are inherently right or wrong.
D. An existentialist believes conduct can be rationally justified.
Q:
In the context of federal sentencing guidelines for corporate or white-collar crime, companies involved in crimes do not receive reduced penalties even if they have effective compliance programs in place.
Q:
The emotion or intuition approach claims that moral decision making is an automatic, nonreflective process in which our minds, when confronted with a moral question, instantaneously generate feelings of approval or disapproval.
Q:
A danger in the ethic of care is that it might be interpreted to restore and legitimize the stereotype of women as care giving subordinates not deserving of moral autonomy.
Q:
Moral identity involves the degree to which moral concerns are central to our sense of self.
Q:
Organizational culture does not influence corporate misconduct.
Q:
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act forbids corporate executives to personally certify the accuracy of their financial reports.
Q:
Federal sentencing guidelines, issued by the U.S. Sentencing Commission, provide ranges within which judges are advised to impose sentences.
Q:
According to act-utilitarianism, our goal is to identify the consequences of a particular act to determine whether it is right or wrong.
Q:
Formalism requires us to follow those rules that generate the greatest value for society.
Q:
Explain Robert Putnams view on the impact of declining community and growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children.
Q:
In the context of libertarianism, justice and fairness, right and wrong are measured not by equality of results for all but from ensuring equal opportunity for all to engage in informed choices about their own welfare.
Q:
Virtue ethics applauds the person who is motivated to do the right thing and who cultivates that motivation in daily conduct.
Q:
To the deontologist, the end is primary and that end or result is the measure of the ethical quality of a decision or act.
Q:
Kant believed that every rational creature can act according to his or her categorical imperative because all such persons have autonomous, self-legislating wills that permit them to formulate and act on their own systems of rules.
Q:
A moral rule is categorical rather than hypothetical in that its prescriptive force is independent of its consequences.
Q:
Maximizing right rather than good is the teleological standard.
Q:
Describe the chief characteristics of socialists.
Q:
Describe the effects of globalization.
Q:
Explain how Swedens economic health improved due to its adoption of a policy of comparatively low total corporate tax.
Q:
Define privatization, providing examples.
Q:
Describe the major criticisms or concerns about the privatization of toll roads.
Q:
Elaborate on the changing labor market trend and the problems faced by China.
Q:
How do privatization supporters envision major changes to daily life?
A. By promising economic justice for all
B. By promoting religiosity and building peace
C. By citing free market efficiency and personal freedom while challenging moral conventions
D. By encouraging economic cooperation and varying degrees of centralized control
Q:
Which of the following statements about the economic and political issues of China is true?
A. The per capita gross domestic product of China is the highest in the world.
B. Chinas free market liberalization policies of recent years have paced faster, making entry to the Chinese market and competition with Chinese companies very easy.
C. Chinas gap between rich and poor is estimated to be the worlds largest.
D. Interest in Buddhism has re-emerged after being suppressed during the anti-intellectual Cultural Revolution of 1966-76.
Q:
In the context of state capitalism, explain why government is the dominant economic force.
A. The government intervenes in and shapes the market to further the states political goals.
B. The intensity of income disparity between the rich and the poor is relatively low.
C. State capitalism favors business to create wealth and government to regulate as needed.
D. State capitalism fails to blend a shrinking system of state-owned enterprise with the power of the free market.
Q:
According to Robert Putnam, which of the following is true of the growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children?
A. Young products of affluent America have withdrawn or never undertaken community engagement.
B. Today, participation in extracurricular activities has risen sharply for less well-off while falling sharply for affluent children.
C. Today, the more comfortable class of children receive about one hour per day more time with their parents than less advantaged children.
D. Less affluent young whites have steadily deepened their community engagements.
Q:
Elaborate on the events that led to a grassroots global protest movement labeled Occupy Wall Street.
Q:
Which of the following is true of the criticisms of Robert Putnams thesis?
A. Robert Putnam was criticized for focusing too much on older activities such as social clubs.
B. Robert Putnam was criticized for focusing too much on emerging interests such as Internet groups.
C. Robert Putnam was criticized for his belief that the necessary categories of government were only three in number: the police, the armed services, and the law courts.
D. Robert Putnam was criticized for his belief that state capitalism as practiced in Russia can succeed in the face of political repression, routine corruption, and abuse of the rule of law.
Q:
Identify the result of a growing gap in opportunities among socioeconomic classes of American children.
A. Children of the well-off express increasing trust in those around them.
B. Participation in extracurricular activities has fallen sharply for affluent children.
C. Young products of affluent America have withdrawn or never undertaken community engagement.
D. Overall community engagement gap between whites and blacks is narrow.
Q:
Which of the following involves making a service more expensive at times of peak demand in order to curb that demand?
A. Median pricing
B. Clearance pricing
C. Predatory pricing
D. Congestion pricing
Q:
Identify a reason why some parents and school boards have adopted a free market fix.
A. Parents and school boards are convinced that replacing merit-based admission with an auction allowing space to the highest bidders is the only way to raise the academic profile of an educational institution.
B. Parents and school boards hope that competition will push all schools to higher achievement levels.
C. Studies reveal that achievement growth rates were twice as high in districts with a free market fix than in standard public schools.
D. Studies carried out in other countries reveal that market-based approaches such as open enrollment and charter schools work better than direct payment to students of $100 to $500 per year for improved performance.
Q:
In the context of toll roads, parking meters, and congestion pricing, which of the following is true of privatization?
A. Privatization brings secure working conditions, increased services, and increased responsiveness to customers.
B. Some struggling governments see privatization as a solution for financial distress.
C. Growing government revenue problems suggest that privatization of transportation will cease to exist.
D. Privatization often brings increased costs and higher customer dissatisfaction.
Q:
What efforts have been made by Sweden to keep its economy healthy?
A. It has taken an aggressive cowboy capitalism approach.
B. It has followed a policy of comparatively low corporate taxes.
C. It has permitted the sale or lease of public assets to private parties.
D. It has attracted billions in private sector investment to take over a few dozen state-controlled companies.
Q:
Which of the following is most likely to be a result of a country maintaining its core welfare commitment in combination with an entrepreneurial spirit?
A. An economy of relatively low unemployment, low inflation, and high GDP growth
B. An economy that is impoverished and filled with inequality
C. An economy encompassing poverty, oppression, and the rich-poor gap
D. An economy that has only state-dominated companies with high employment due to the encouragement of welfare over work