Q&A Hero

Q: Flem is an employee of Glo Goods, Inc. Flem reports to state officials that Glo is illegally shipping unsafe goods to unsuspecting customers. When Glo learns of Flem's report, Glo fires him. He successfully sues Glo for wrongful discharge. With respect to the employment-at-will doctrine, this is A.an example of the doctrine. B.an exception based on contract theory. C.an exception based on public policy. D.an exception based on tort theory.

Q: Lena offers Miguel a job, representing falsely that it will be long term. In reliance, Miguel takes the job but is laid off shortly thereafter and successfully sues Lena for fraud. With respect to the employment-at-will doctrine, this is A.an example of the doctrine. B.an exception based on contract theory. C.an exception based on public policy. D.an exception based on tort theory.

Q: Thalia is an employee of Universal Insurance Company. Universal's employee manual states that workers will be dismissed only for good cause. With respect to the employment-at-will doctrine, this is A.an example of the doctrine. B.an exception based on contract theory. C.an exception based on public policy. D.an exception based on tort theory.

Q: Myron is an employee of Nero. Either party can terminate the employment relationship at any time for any reason without liability. With respect to the employment-at-will doctrine, this is A.an example of the doctrine. B.an exception based on contract theory. C.an exception based on public policy. D.an exception based on tort theory.

Q: Requiring union membership as a condition of continued employment is legal.

Q: A closed shop is a firm that rejects union membership as a condition of employment.

Q: Federal labor law protects employees' right to strike.

Q: An employer can refuse to bargain collectively with an elected employee representative.

Q: To recruit employees from other countries, an employer must first complete a verification process.

Q: An employer who hires and fires workers according to a fair seniority system may have a good defense to an employment discrimination suit.

Q: An employer must modify its job-application process so that those with disabilities can compete for jobs with those who do not have disabilities.

Q: The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 defines disabled persons as persons impaired mentally or physically "in any way."

Q: Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, a person with a mental impairment that "substantially limits" everyday activities is not disabled.

Q: Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, a person with a physical impairment that "substantially limits" everyday activities is disabled.

Q: Compensatory damages are only available for victims of intentional employment discrimination.

Q: An employer is not liable for the sexual harassment of an employee by a co-worker.

Q: Brenda is a purchasing agent for Commodities Exchange Corporation. Dennis, a Commodities corporate officer, gives Brenda written authority to buy for the firm as many computers and peripheral devices as necessary. The next day, Dennis calls Brenda and tells her to buy only fifty notebook computers and nothing else. Brenda shows the written authority to E-Products, Inc., and enters into a contract with E-Products to buy sixty notebook computers and a selection of printers, scanners, and extra storage media. E-Products ships the order to Commodities. Is Commodities liable to E-Products under the contract? Is Brenda liable? In each case, if so, why? If not, why not?

Q: Principal Resources Corporation contracts with Quality Construction to build an addition to Principal's corporate office building. Quality contracts with Rite Supply Company for materials for the addition but refuses to pick up the materials. Meanwhile, Principal hires Skye, a certified public accountant, to work in its cost-accounting division as an employee, with no authority to hire or supervise others. Skye asks Theo, an outside experienced accountant, to advise her on certain accounting procedures but fails to pay Theo for the service. Principal also contracts with Uma, a salesperson, to solicit orders for its products in a designated territory. Uma obtains an order from Verity Industries, Inc., which is assured the order will be filled soon. But Uma does not follow through with the paperwork and fails to submit the order to Principal. Verity suffers a loss. Rite Supply, Theo, and Verity Industries claim Principal is liable under agency law. Discuss fully whether an agency relationship was created by Principal with Quality Construction, Skye, or Uma.

Q: Frida hires Gert, a real estate broker, to act as her agent to sell her house. The house burns down before being sold. The agency agreement is likely A.still in force if Frida gives Gert additional consideration. B.still in force if Gert does not tell prospective customers. C.terminated by mutual consent of the parties. D.terminated by operation of law.

Q: Tire Manufacturing Company employs Uri as an agent. To terminate Uri's authority, Tire Manufacturing must notify A.only third parties who are aware of the agency relationship. B.the public generally. C.Uri and any third parties who are aware of the agency relationship. D.Uri only.

Q: Commercial Development Corporation (CDC) hires Delta Construction Company to work at a site as an independent contractor. Whether CDC will be liable for torts committed at the site by Delta depends on A.what Delta bid for the job. B.whether exceptionally hazardous activities are involved. C.which party obtained insurance to cover tort liability. D.who is paying Delta.

Q: Picabo drives a truck as an employee for Quik Delivery, Inc. Picabo would most likely be considered acting outside the scope of her employment if she A.crashed into a car at the airport while off duty. B.hit a pedestrian in a parking lot during a "working" lunch. C.ran over an attendant at a gas station while refueling the truck. D.smashed into a store-front while intoxicated on-duty.

Q: Brad is an employee of Custodial Service, Inc. In deciding whether Brad acts within the scope of his employment when he commits a tort against Didi, a court will not consider whether A.Brad indicated that he was acting on behalf of Custodial. B.Custodial authorized the act. C.Custodial furnished the means by which the injury was inflicted. D.the act is one commonly performed by employees for their employers.

Q: Clu serves in a representative capacity for Digger. Elmo is injured through Clu's negligence. Digger may be liable to Elmo if Clu's conduct occurred A.due to a propensity Digger was not and could not have been aware of. B.during normal working hours. C.in the course and scope of Clu's employment. D.outside the parties' employment relationship.

Q: Jock hires Kym to act as his agent to purchase Lifetime Gym & Fitness, Inc. Jock tells Kym to reveal that she is buying the firm on behalf of a third party and to tell Lifetime's seller who that third party is. Jock is A.a disclosed principal. B.an apparent principal. C.an undisclosed principal. D.a partially disclosed principal.

Q: Iggy hires Joy to act as his agent to purchase Kup-a-Koffee Kompany. Iggy tells Joy to reveal only that she is buying the firm on behalf of a third party, without telling Kup-a-Koffee's seller who that third party is. Iggy is A.a disclosed principal. B.an implied principal. C.an undisclosed principal. D.a partially disclosed principal.

Q: Trey, an agent for Uno Music Corporation, executes an unauthorized contract with Variety Recording, Inc., that is highly advantageous to Uno. Variety withdraws from the deal before Uno ratifies the contract. The contract is A.valid. B.variable. C.void. D.voidable.

Q: Bud approves on behalf of Cody-but without authorization-a contract with Dik to build a new silo. Cody does not ratify the contract. Later, Dik tries to enforce the deal. This attempt will be A.partly successful. B.partly unsuccessful. C.totally successful. D.totally unsuccessful.

Q: Without authorization, Rolf contracts on behalf of Sari to have Tige paint the interior and exterior of Sari's house. Sari ratifies the contract. Later, Sari tries to rescind the part of the contract relating to the exterior. This attempt will be A.partly successful. B.partly unsuccessful. C.totally successful. D.totally unsuccessful.

Q: Based on Nan's conduct, Odel reasonably believes that Poppy has the authority to act on Nan's behalf even though Poppy does not have the actual authority to do so. In this circumstance, Poppy has A.apparent authority. B.express authority. C.implied authority. D.no authority.

Q: Sonia manages a Tasty Pastry store for United Food Company. To manage the business, Sonia's authority can be implied by A.an inference from the position Sonia occupies. B.any inference a reasonable customer or supplier would make. C.any inference Sonia chooses to make. D.no inference.

Q: Geoff serves in a representative capacity for Huck. To accomplish the objectives of this relationship, Geoff's authority can be implied A.by contradiction. B.by custom. C.by lack of reason. D.under no circumstances.

Q: Based on Bluto's conduct, Cass reasonably believes that Dee has the authority to act on Bluto's behalf even though Dee does not have the actual authority to do so. Cass makes a payment to Dee for Bluto. Dee keeps the money and disappears. Bluto A.can demand that Cass make a repayment directly to Bluto. B.can obtain damages from Cass for Dee's misconduct. C.may be estopped from denying that Dee had authority. D.must repudiate Dee's misconduct to avoid liability.

Q: Miklos grants an ordinary power of attorney to Nathalie to handle a list of financial transactions on Miklos's behalf. This power will terminate on A.any transaction causing a loss to Miklos. B.Miklos's death or incapacity. C.Miklos's sixty-fifth birthday. D.Nathalie's handling of one of each stipulated transaction.

Q: Cory employs Daily Delivery Agency as an agent under a written agreement that describes the rights and duties of both parties. This is A.apparent authority. B.equal authority. C.express authority. D.implied authority.

Q: Kady, an agent for Lebron, enters into a contract on Lebron's behalf with Madge that must be in writing to be enforceable under the Statute of Frauds. Kady's authority to enter into this contract is not in writing. Under the equal dignity rule, this contract is A.enforceable. B.void. C.voidable at Lebron's option. D.voidable at Madge's option.

Q: Lather Up Soap Products Company grants its agent Kathy an exclusive territory in which to sell Lather Up products. The firm cannot compete with Kathy in that territory under the principal's duty of A.avoidance. B.cooperation. C.indemnification. D.reimbursement.

Q: Jody is an agent for Insta Cross Country Trucking Inc. In the course of Jody's performance for the firm, Jody pays Heck for certain vehicle maintenance and repair services. Jody's right to obtain the amount of those payments from Insta arises under the principal's duty of A.avoidance. B.cooperation. C.indemnification. D.reimbursement.

Q: Home Development Company employs llya to buy property for a future residential development. Ilya secretly buys some of the property and sells it to Home Development at a profit. Ilya has breached A.no duty. B.the duty of accounting. C.the duty of loyalty. D.the duty of notification.

Q: Elle is an agent for Fine Cosmetics, Inc. Elle owes Fine Cosmetics the duty of A.avoidance. B.compensation. C.indemnification. D.performance.

Q: Rita is appointed as an agent for Superior Sales, Inc. The agency agreement is silent as to the level of sales that Rita is expected to achieve. She must A.achieve nothing because the agreement says nothing on the issue. B.attain the level that Rita achieved with her previous employer. C.maintain the level Superior attained before Rita became an agent. D.use reasonable diligence and skill in selling.

Q: Bob, a salesperson at a Carpets Galore store, tells Dita, a customer, "Buy your carpet here, and I'll install it for half of what the store would charge." Dita buys the carpet, which Bob installs for half the store's price. Bob keeps the money. Bob has breached A.no duty. B.the duty of loyalty. C.the duty of notification. D.the duty of obedience.

Q: Dizzy is not Edwina's agent but enters into a contract with Frida on Edwina's behalf. Edwina later contacts Frida to approve the contract. This is A.an agency by agreement. B.an agency by estoppel. C.an agency by ratification. D.not the creation of an agency relationship.

Q: Louis, a certified public accountant and an investor, and Maria, an insurance salesperson and a realtor, may create an agency relationship for A.a business purpose only. B.a legal purpose only. C.any purpose. D.no purpose.

Q: Sela agrees to act on Thom's behalf, subject to Thom's control, and Thom trusts Sela to so act. They set out the terms in a written document, which they both sign. This is A.an agency by agreement. B.an agency by estoppel. C.an agency by ratification. D.not the creation of an agency relationship.

Q: Lenore is the sole proprietor of Mall Kiosks. With respect to contracting for her own business interests, Lenore is A.an agent and has the authority. B.an agent but does not have the authority. C.not an agent and does not have the authority. D.not an agent but does have the authority.

Q: Jim agrees to act on Kit's behalf, subject to Kit's control, and Kit trusts Jim to so act. This describes a relationship between A.a business and its competitors. B.a government and its governed. C.a parent and a child. D.a principal and an agent.

Q: Delite Candy Company hires Elton to sell Delite's products in a certain area. Delite agrees to pay Elton a salary, plus commission, for a trial period. They also agree that Elton can sell using any methods and during any hours that seem appropriate. The key factor in whether Elton is Delite's employee is A.the amount of Elton's salary. B.the control Delite has over the details of the work. C.the length of the trial period. D.the title that designates Elton's position.

Q: KupaJava hires Lola to manage one of KupaJava's seven drive-through coffee stands. KupaJava agrees to pay Lola a salary, plus commission. KupaJava stipulates the standards that should be observed, the goals that should be attained, and the methods that should be used. Lola is most likely KupaJava's A.employee. B.independent contractor. C.principal. D.work for hire.

Q: Oscar is Precise Service Company's chief executive officer. On Precise's behalf, Oscar solicits business, hires and fires workers, and handles the finances. Precise pays Oscar varying amounts, depending on his "needs." Oscar is most likely A.a principal. B.an employee. C.an employer. D.an independent contractor.

Q: Bubbly Soda Company hires Carlo to work on Bubbly's shipping dock, checking outgoing loads and dispatching Bubbly's drivers. With respect to Carlo, Bubbly is most likely A.an employee. B.an agent. C.an independent contractor. D.a principal.

Q: Genetic Seed Company hires Howie to work on Genetic's shipping dock, accepting deliveries and dealing with other companies' drivers. With respect to Genetic, Howie is most likely A.an agent. B.an independent contractor. C.a principal. D.a work for hire.

Q: Ozzy is an officer of Prudent Financial Corporation. Ozzy serves in a representative capacity for Prudent Financial's owners. With respect to binding Prudent Financial to contracts, Ozzy is A.an agent and has the authority. B.an agent but does not have the authority. C.not an agent and does not have the authority. D.not an agent but does have the authority.

Q: An agency can terminate once its purpose is achieved.

Q: A principal is responsible for all intentional torts committed by an agent.

Q: A principal is liable for harm caused to a third party by an agent who commits a tort while acting in the scope of his or her employment.

Q: A principal is not liable for an agent's fraud unless the agent has the apparent authority to commit torts.

Q: Under the doctrine of respondeat superior, an agent is liable for the principal's negligence.

Q: A principal is not liable to a third party for any contract made by the agent acting outside the scope of his or her authority.

Q: A disclosed principal is not liable to a third party for contracts made by the agent acting outside the scope of his or her authority.

Q: If a principal does not ratify an unauthorized contract, the principal is not bound.

Q: Before a principal can ratify a contract, the agent must withdraw from the deal.

Q: Before a principal can ratify a contract, the principal must know all of the material facts involved in the deal.

Q: If a principal does not ratify an authorized contract, the principal is not bound.

Q: In considering the scope of an agent's implied authority, the test is whether the agent reasonably believed that he or she had the authority.

Q: For an agent's implied authority to be effective, a principal must confirm it in writing.

Q: A power of attorney can be given only to an actual attorney.

Q: A power of attorney is a written document.

Q: The equal dignity rule does not apply to a corporate officer who, in an ordinary business situation, acts on behalf of his or her firm.

Q: Express authority is authority declared in clear, direct, definite terms.

Q: A principal owes an agent a duty of ratification.

Q: A principal owes an agent a duty of accounting.

Q: An agent can take advantage of an agency relationship to make a "secret" profit.

Q: An agency relationship may not occur by operation of law in a family.

Q: A principal who causes a third person to believe that another person is the principal's agent can be estopped from denying the agency relationship.

Q: An agency relationship cannot exist in the absence of a formal agreement.

Q: A licensed professional can employ an unlicensed agent to perform professional actions.

Q: An agency relationship may be created for any legal purpose.

Q: An agency relationship can be formed without consideration.

Q: All employment laws apply to independent contractors.